Details of the Researcher

PHOTO

Takeshi Hirata
Section
Graduate School of Law
Job title
Professor
Degree
  • 法学修士(東京大学)

e-Rad No.
90238361

Committee Memberships 5

  • 北海道大学スラブ(ユーラシア)研究センター 共同研究員

    2001/04 - Present

  • 日本政治学会 理事

    2018/04 - 2022/03

  • 京都大学地域研究統合情報センター 共同研究員

    2006/04 - 2009/03

  • 国立民族学博物館 共同研究員

    2004/04 - 2006/03

  • 北海道大学スラブ研究センター 共同研究員

    1999/04 - 2000/03

Professional Memberships 3

  • 東欧史研究会

  • 日本比較政治学会

  • 日本政治学会

Research Interests 1

  • ヨーロッパ政治史

Research Areas 1

  • Humanities & social sciences / Politics /

Papers 22

  1. 二重君主国期ハンガリーにおける責任内閣制の運用(二)

    平田 武

    法学(東北大学法学会) 87 (3) 84-120 2023/12

    DOI: 10.50974/0002000576  

  2. A bethleni konszolidáció jellege a legújabb nemzetközi szakirodalom tükrében Invited

    Hirata Takesi

    Sipos József-emlékkötet, Szerkesztette Deák Ágnes — Juhász Krisztina — Marton Gellért Ernő (Szeged: SZTE BTK Középkori és Kora Újkori Magyar Történeti Tanszék) 209-222 2023

    DOI: 10.14232/btk.2023.sje.19  

  3. Responsible government in Hungary during the Dual Monarchy Invited

    Takeshi Hirata

    85 (3) 89-138 2021/12

  4. ハンガリーにおけるデモクラシーのバックスライディング Peer-reviewed

    平田 武

    体制転換/非転換の比較政治(日本比較政治学会年報第16号)(ミネルヴァ書房) (16) 101-127 2014/06

    DOI: 10.11193/hikakuseiji.16.0_101  

  5. István Bibó's concept of multi-party socialist regime during the 1956 Hungarian revolution : A preliminary inquiry

    Takeshi HIRATA

    Hōgaku (The Journal of Law and Political Science) 76 (6) 138-177 2013/01

  6. 「歴史の遺産」とその影響──旧東欧諸国における政治発展と制度選択・デモクラシー──

    平田 武

    仙石学・林忠行編『ポスト社会主義期の政治と経済──旧ソ連・中東欧の比較』北海道大学出版会 19-48 2011/03

  7. 東中欧諸国における政党システムの「安定化」をめぐって Invited

    平田 武

    体制転換の先端的議論(スラブ・ユーラシア研究報告集2,北海道大学スラブ研究センター) 2 21-62 2010/04

    Publisher:

  8. The Studies of Political Develpment and Political Regimes concerning East European History Invited

    HIRATA Takeshi

    The Journal of East European Studies 32 (32) 48-61 2010/03

    Publisher:

    DOI: 10.20680/aees.32.0_48  

    ISSN: 0386-6904

  9. ビボー・イシュトヴァーンのヨーロッパ政治発展像──「恐怖なき生」・「支配なき社会」── Invited

    平田 武

    法学(東北大学法学会) 72 (6) 151-188 2009/01

  10. 第一次世界大戦後の東中欧における新興デモクラシーの苦難──ポーランド・ユーゴスラヴィア──

    平田 武

    戦間期セミ・ポリアーキー諸国における政治体制変動の研究(平成17年度~平成19年度科学研究費補助金(基盤研究(B))成果報告書) 24-39 2008/05

  11. The 1956 Revolution and the Stdies of Contemporary History in Hungary Invited Peer-reviewed

    Takeshi HIRATA

    The Journal of East European Studies (30) 55-73 2008/03

    Publisher:

    DOI: 10.20680/aees.32.0_48  

    ISSN: 0386-6904

  12. Impasse of the political development in the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy Invited

    Takeshi HIRATA

    The Journal of Law and Political Science 71 (2) 1-44 2007/06

    Publisher:

    ISSN: 0385-5082

  13. 政治文化の側面から見た東中欧デモクラシーの固定化

    平田武

    中東欧とロシア 103-122 2003/09

  14. The emergence of the party-system and the electoral volatility in East-Central Europe Peer-reviewed

    HIRATA Takeshi

    Political Science Review 9 (3-4) 75-96 2000/12

  15. The emergence of the party system and the electoral volatility in Central Europe Peer-reviewed

    HIRATA Takeshi

    Central European Political Science Review 1 (2) 72-91 2000/12

  16. Civil society and democratization in East-Central Europe : Including a reconsideration on the modern Hungarian history

    HIRATA Takeshi

    Hogaku (The Journal of Law and Political Science) (The Association of Law and Political Science of Tohoku University) 63 (3) 1-34 1999/08

    Publisher: Tohoku University

    ISSN: 0385-5082

  17. The system of interest intermediation under the Hungarian Government-Party regime (2)

    HIRATA Takeshi

    The Journal of Social Science(Institute of Social Science, University of Tokyo) 49 (5) 77-180 1998/03

    Publisher:

    ISSN: 0387-3307

  18. The system of interest intermediation under the Hungarian Government-Party regime (1)

    HIRATA Takeshi

    The Journal of Social Science(Institute of Social Science, University of Tokyo) 48 (2) 1-86 1996/08

    Publisher:

    ISSN: 0387-3307

  19. The "Government-Party" regime : An authoritarian regime of interwar Hungary in comparative perspective

    Takeshi HIRATA

    Socio-Economic Dimensions of the Changes in the Slavonic-Eurasian World 91-106 1996/03

  20. The Hungarian general elections in May 1994

    HIRATA Takeshi

    Discussion Paper Series(Institute of Social Science, University of Tokyo) (J-42) 1994/12

  21. A bethleni konszolidáció jellege a nemzetközi szakirodalom tükrében Peer-reviewed

    HIRATA Takeshi

    Valóság 36 (11) 54-66 1993/11

  22. The establishment of the "Government Party" regime in Hungary during the early inter-war period

    HIRATA Takeshi

    The Journal of Social Science(Institute of Social Science, University of Tokyo) 44 (3) 1-63 1992/12

    Publisher:

    ISSN: 0387-3307

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Misc. 10

  1. はじめに(特集:新興デモクラシー諸国の変貌)

    平田 武

    年報政治学 2021ーⅡ 『新興デモクラシー諸国の変貌』 72 (2) 3-8 2021/12

    DOI: 10.7218/nenpouseijigaku.72.2_3  

    ISSN: 0549-4192

    eISSN: 1884-3913 1884-3921

  2. 書評 油本真理『現代ロシアの政治変容と地方─「与党の不在」から圧倒的一党優位へ』東京大学出版会、2015年

    平田 武

    年報政治学 2017-Ⅰ 『世界経済の変動と政治秩序』 68 (1) 249-252 2017

    DOI: 10.7218/nenpouseijigaku.68.1_227  

    ISSN: 0549-4192

    eISSN: 1884-3913 1884-3921

  3. 書評 Dylan Riley, The Civic Foundations of Fascism in Europe: Italy, Spain, and Romania, 1870-1945 (Baltimore, Md.: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2010, xiii + 258 pp.)

    平田 武

    国家学会雑誌 126 (7・8) 150-153 2013/08

  4. NAKADA Mizuho, Peasant-worker democracy: The history of Czechoslovakian politics during the interwar period, Nagoya, 2012

    HIRATA Takeshi

    SHIGAKU ZASSHI 122 (7) 1296-1304 2013

    Publisher: The Historical Society of Japan

    DOI: 10.24471/shigaku.122.7_1296  

    ISSN: 0018-2478

  5. <パネルディスカッション>ソ連崩壊20年とその後の世界

    宇山智彦, 大串敦, 杉浦史和, 平田武, 渡邊日日

    ロシア・東欧研究 2011 (40) 1-33 2012/03

    Publisher: The Japanese Association for Russian and East European Studies

    DOI: 10.5823/jarees.2011.1  

    ISSN: 1348-6497

  6. 現代ハンガリー史における共産党独裁と1956年革命

    平田 武

    三色旗(慶應義塾大学通信教育部) (708) 28-34 2007/03

  7. 権威主義体制

    平田 武

    黒田日出男他編『歴史学事典第12巻 王と国家』 2005/03/15

    Publisher: 弘文堂

  8. 独裁政治

    平田 武

    黒田日出男他編『歴史学事典第12巻 王と国家』 2005/03/15

    Publisher: 弘文堂

  9. 学界展望─2003年─「比較政治(ロシア・東欧)」

    平田 武

    年報政治学2004 191-193 2005/01

    Publisher: 岩波書店

    DOI: 10.7218/nenpouseijigaku1953.55.0_171  

  10. Book review on Romsics ignac, Bethlen István : Politikai életrajz (Budapest : Magyarságkutató Intézet, 1991)

    HIRATA Takeshi

    Journal of East European Studies (18) 78-81 1995/12

    DOI: 10.20680/aees.18.0_78  

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Books and Other Publications 7

  1. ファシストたちの肖像 : 社会的「力」と近代の危機

    マイケル・マン著, 横田正顕監訳, 小山吉亮, 平田武, 藤嶋亮, 村上宏昭訳

    白水社 2025/08

    ISBN: 9784560091685

  2. ハンガリーを知るための60章【第2版】

    羽場久美子編, 平田武他

    2018/01

  3. 総覧 東欧ロシア史学史

    NIEDERHAUSER Emil

    北海道大学出版会 2013/08

  4. 身分社会と市民社会―19世紀ハンガリー社会史

    KÖVÉR György, translated by, HIRATA Takeshi

    刀水書房 2013/02

  5. ヨーロッパ政治ハンドブック 第2版

    馬場康雄, 平島健司編, 平田武他著

    東京大学出版会 2010/05

  6. ハンガリーを知るための47章

    羽場久美子編, 平田武他

    明石出版 2002/04

  7. Handbook of European Politics

    Yasuo BABA, Kenji HIRASHIMA (ed, Takeshi HIRATA

    University of Tokyo Press 2000/09

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Presentations 8

  1. ケヴェール・ジェルジ(平田武訳)『身分社会と市民社会――一九世紀ハンガリー社会史』(刀水書房,2013 年) 解題と問題提起

    東欧史研究会2013年度 第3回例会 2013/07/13

  2. ハンガリアン・ラプソディの孤独:3分の2多数派権力とユー ロ圏外における危機

    2013年度日本比較政治学会研究大会 2013/06/22

  3. 「民主化・市民社会・中欧論から20年──東中欧比較政治研究の認識枠組み──」(共通論題「ソ連崩壊20年とその後の世界」第2セッション:パネル・ディスカッション)

    ロシア・東欧学会2011年度(第40回)研究大会 2011/10/22

  4. 「東中欧諸国における政党システムの『安定化』をめぐって」(分科会B「ラテンアメリカと中東欧の政党システム比較」)

    2009年度日本比較政治学会研究大会 2009/06/27

  5. ハンガリー現代史の断絶と連続の中の1956年

    シンポジウム「ハンガリー1956」から50年──その問いかけるもの 2006/10/21

  6. 「危機と変化」の政治学再訪

    日本比較政治学会国家社会関係コーカス研究会 2004/04/10

  7. ハンガリー

    21世紀COEプログラム「開かれた政治経済制度の構築」ワークショップ「新興民主主義国における選挙制度と政党システム」 2004/03/10

  8. 政治文化の側面から見たデモクラシーの固定化─東中欧諸国を中心に─

    中東欧とロシアに関する学内共同研究 2003/07/09

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Research Projects 16

  1. International Comparative Studies on Political Transformations in Consolidation States: Continuity and Varieties of Democratic Sub-systems

    Offer Organization: Japan Society for the Promotion of Science

    System: Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research

    Category: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (A)

    Institution: Tohoku University

    2020/04/01 - 2024/03/31

  2. Political System Change and Democracy in European Peripheral Countries

    Offer Organization: Japan Society for the Promotion of Science

    System: Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research

    Category: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)

    Institution: Tohoku University

    2019/04/01 - 2023/03/31

  3. Economic policies of emerging democracies in the post-neoliberal period

    Sengoku Manabu

    Offer Organization: Japan Society for the Promotion of Science

    System: Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research

    Category: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)

    Institution: Hokkaido University

    2016/04/01 - 2020/03/31

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    In emerging democracies (Central Eastern Europe, Latin America and East Asia) following the global financial crisis, which is referred to as the post-neoliberal period, the reaction to the conventional neoliberal economic policies occurred, and in some countries this led to so-called populist politics. However, the economic policies of individual countries have not necessarily converged in a certain direction. Some countries have continued to adopt neoliberal policies, while others have switched from neoliberal policies. Thus, policy directions differ depending on the situations of each country.

  4. Comparative studies on political development in mainly smaller European countries and Japan

    HIRATA Takeshi

    Offer Organization: Japan Society for the Promotion of Science

    System: Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research

    Category: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)

    Institution: Tohoku University

    2013/04/01 - 2017/03/31

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    This research project asserted the importance of comparative studies between the political development of modern Japan and that of the European non-model countries. It aimed to compare 1) the process of establishment of Party-Government in Japan with that of parliamentary government in Northern Europe, 2) the pattern of governmental changes of the Japanese Party-Governments with that of oligarchic parliamentarianism in Southern or Southeastern Europe, 3) the establishment of authoritarian regimes in Japan and Southern or East-Central Europe, 4) the formation of post-war predominant party systems in the context of centralized welfare states in Japan, France and Italy. Through nine Meetings on the Comparative European Political History, which gathered Japanese and European political historians, we have done several surveys on the relevant themes in comparative politics, the evaluation of the works of pioneers in the field of historical political science, and individual researches.

  5. Historiography in Eastern Europe during the Socialist Era

    Watanabe Akiko, MOMOSE Ryoji, ISHIDA Shinichi, IKEDA Yoshiro, YAMAZAKI Shinichi, TATEISHI Yoko, SUZUKI Kenta, KOMORI Hiromi, KIMURA Makoto, MOLNÁR János

    Offer Organization: Japan Society for the Promotion of Science

    System: Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research

    Category: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (A)

    Institution: Osaka Kyoiku University

    2012/04/01 - 2017/03/31

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    On the historiography of Socialist Eastern Europe, basic information was investigated and presented, and individual themes were set and analyzed. Because historical journals are an important medium for considering the history research, we surveyed the history of historical journals of each region. In the individual theme, the members of the project examined the history of historical description, individual historians, and institutions that support and/or regulate historical studies.

  6. Patria and Citizenship in the historical experiences of European borderlands

    SHINOHARA Taku, TOYA Hiroshi, YOSHIOKA Jun, WARITA Satoshi, AOSHIMA Yoko, FURUYA Daisuke, KOMORI Hiromi, AKIYAMA Shingo, NAKAZAWA Tatsuya, KOYAMA Satoshi, IKEDA Yoshiro, HIRATA Takeshi, KAJI Sayaka

    Offer Organization: Japan Society for the Promotion of Science

    System: Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research

    Category: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (A)

    Institution: Tokyo University of Foreign Studies

    2010/04/01 - 2014/03/31

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    Our research project focused on dynamism of constructing nation and nationalism in regions of former Polish Lithuanian Commonwealth (western provinces of Russian Empire and western Soviet republics, Habsburg Monarchy and the Baltic region. Multidimensional functions and construction of nation is here analyzed in a given political society in each period from the early modern times up to the 20th century. Early modern "nation" is constructed in manifold political andculturalcontext, related to various values such as political-dynastic, imperial, humanistic-intellectual, confessional, local, municipal, linguistic,of estates, guilds and other corporations, etc. The understanding of nation is not converged to a single political society. Modern nation claims holistic contextualization of vairous negotiations in a political society. The project reveals this process in European borderlands by empirical case studies and comparative method.

  7. A Comparative Study of Political Changes in Latin America and Central and Eastern Europe: Comparative Dynamic Analysis of the Processes of DemocraticConsolidation

    HAYASHI Tadayuki, MURAKAMI Yusuke, SENGOKU Manabu, TSUKIMURA Taro, HIRATA Takeshi, IZUOKA Naoya, NAKATA Mizuho, YOKOTA Masaaki

    Offer Organization: Japan Society for the Promotion of Science

    System: Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research

    Category: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)

    2009 - 2012

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    In this joint study, we examined democratization and transformation processes,comparing the countries of Central and Eastern Europe with Latin America. Our maincross-regional findings included: (1) despite differences in political and party systems,there were significant commonalities in policies and institution-making; (2) althoughdifferences among countries in each region seem not minor, there was a discerniblesimilar pattern of political variance within both regions. These effects can be explainedby the variable “pull factors” of neoliberal economic policy embedded in the politicalparty system of each country.

  8. Possibilities of Democracy in Post-War Hungary : In Search of Alternatives to Dictatorship

    HIRATA Takeshi

    Offer Organization: Japan Society for the Promotion of Science

    System: Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research

    Category: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)

    Institution: Tohoku University

    2009 - 2011

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    Primary and secondary source materials have been gathered on the themes of this research project, i. e. Istvan Bibo's idea on the possible democratic political regime in post-war Hungary, possibility of Hungarian democracy in the situation of the international politics and the development of the domestic party politics during the immediate post-war period and in the 1956 revolution. Attempts have been made to make clear the Bibo's concept on democratic regime in the 1956 revolution and to follow the process during which the domestic opposition forces converged around that concept but, in contrast, the possibility of its realization became decreased in the international circumstances.

  9. Synthesis of East European and Russian Historiographies

    WATANABE Akiko, TOYA Hiroshi, SUZUKI Hirokazu, IEDA Osamu, HIRATA Takeshi, MITOMA Tamio, YAMAMOTO Akiyo, AKIYAMA Shingo, ANEGAWA Yudai, IIO Tadaki, DOHI Tsuneyuki

    Offer Organization: Japan Society for the Promotion of Science

    System: Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research

    Category: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (A)

    Institution: Osaka Kyoiku University

    2008 - 2011

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    We laid the groundwork for Russian and East European historical research by translating Emil Niederhauser's East European Historiography into Japanese from Hungarian and by creating a bibliographical catalogue with some 10, 000 records of all historical literature mentioned in the book. Although Niederhauser's work pointed to national frameworks of the historical writings in this region, it also showed a method of transnational study by comparing national historical writings. Furthermore, to review national historical writings, we discussed the significance of the narrators and the frameworks of historical writings.

  10. Political Development in the Habsburg Monarchy (and its Successor States)

    HIRATA Takeshi

    Offer Organization: Japan Society for the Promotion of Science

    System: Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research

    Category: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)

    Institution: Tohoku University

    2007 - 2008

  11. Comprehensive Comparative Analysis of the System Transformation in the CIS and East-European Countries

    HAYASHI Tadayuki, TABATA Shinichiro, MATSUZATO Kimitaka, UEGAKI Akira, UENO Toshihiko, SENGOKU Manabu, HIRATA Takeshi, TSUKIMURA Taro, SHIMA Sonoko, HIROSE Yoko, OBIYA Chika, FUJIMORI Shinkichi

    Offer Organization: Japan Society for the Promotion of Science

    System: Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research

    Category: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (A)

    Institution: Hokkaido University

    2005 - 2008

  12. Study on Political Regime Changes of Semi-Polyarchies in the Interwar Years

    SORAI Mamoru, MATSUURA Masataka, HIRATA Takeshi, YOKOTA Masaaki, NAKADA Mizuho

    Offer Organization: Japan Society for the Promotion of Science

    System: Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research

    Category: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)

    2005 - 2007

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    The aim of this research project is first to define and demarcate conceptually another type of political regime, "semi-polyarchy" (hereafter SP), and then to scrutinize its distinctive regime mechanism as well as to tease out the dynamics of regime change from semi-polyarchy to polyarchy or that from semi-polyarchy to non-polyarchy through some case studies. In this research we assert that it is theoretically proper and logical to understand polyarchy as a political regime which attains a high degree of "inclusiveness" and "liberalization" as well as sufficient "parliamentarization" of political decision-makers, one of the most important features of which is the establishment of parliamentary cabinet system. From this understanding of polyarchy, we deduce that not only regimes with incomplete "inclusiveness" or "liberalization" (SP I), which Robert A. Dahl called "near-polyarchy," but also relatively inclusive and liberalized though not fully parliamentarized ones (SP II) should be categorized as semi-polyarchy. Regarding the SP I, typical cases are countries which adopted "oligarchic parliamentarism" or Britain in the 19th century, but this research dares to undertake a case study of Portugal before Salazar, since it has never been analyzed from this perspective. As to the SP II, being a regime that can't enjoy stable predominance of parliamentary cabinet over other state institutions (e.g. King/Queen, military, privy council, upper house and so on), it is expected to appear in the breakdown process of polyarchy. But it also emerges as "unconsolidated polyarchy" soon after the installation of polyarchy. This research picks up Poland, Yugoslavia, Estonia, Czechoslovakia as examples of SP II in the interwar Europe which saw many newly founded polyarchies. More comprehensive and fully comparative study of semi-polyarchy has yet to come, but by identifying another type of non-polyarchal regimes which has been totally neglected, this research would surely contribute to the theoretical development of political regime study.

  13. Integrating the Political Development of East-Central Europe into the Overall History of Europe -Political Regime, Party System, Political Mobilization-

    HIRATA Takeshi

    Offer Organization: Japan Society for the Promotion of Science

    System: Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research

    Category: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)

    Institution: Tohoku University

    2004 - 2005

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    The aim of this research is to explore the ways to analyze the modern history of East-Central European countries (mainly the former Habsburg monarchy and its successor states) using the methods of comparative politics and, then, to reintegrate their political development into the overall framework of the European political development. Concrete themes of the research are, firstly, the process of democratization of the political systems through the establishment of the parliamentary government and the extension of the suffrage ; secondly, the development of the party systems, especially the comparison of the roll of the peasant parties ; and, thirdly, focusing on the case of early 20^<th> century Hungary, the process of political mobilization of the peasantry and the workers. According to these aims, I have been collecting the relevant literature and materials and doing the analyses based on these materials. On the first theme, I have made a short survey of the literature on the political development of East European countries, and this will be contained in the research report. Currently I am preparing an article on the political development of the late 19^<th> and early 20^<th> century Habsburg monarchy on the three levels of common institutions, Cisleitanian half, and Hungary. On the second theme, I have collected the relevant literature, especially on the political mobilization of the peasantry and the development of the peasant parties in each region/country in East-Central Europe, and made a preparation for the further research. On the third theme, I have almost finished the analysis of the public statistics of the industrial conflict in Hungary in the early 20^<th> century, and currently I try to find the proper means to gather the data concerning the collective violence in the same period from the annual reports of the metropolitan police of Budapest.

  14. 東中欧民主化後の政党システムの変容―ハンガリーを中心に東中欧諸国を比較して―

    平田 武

    Offer Organization: 日本学術振興会

    System: 科学研究費助成事業

    Category: 若手研究(B)

    Institution: 東北大学

    2001 - 2002

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    本研究は、民主化後10年を経た東中欧諸国において、政党配列に収斂傾向が看取されることから、政党システムの比較分析を試み、その安定化の行方に関する考察を行うことを目的としていた。本研究を進める中で、当該諸国(具体的にはハンガリー、ポーランド、チェコと、より限定された範囲でスロヴァキア)の政党システムの生成過程に関する観察をもとに、幾つかの中間考察をまとめて、ハンガリーの政治学雑誌(Central European Political Science Review ; Politikatudomany Szemle)に発表した。研究期間中に行われた当該諸国での総選挙は、ポーランドやハンガリーの場合に見られたように、中道右派陣営の分裂やプロテスト政党の参入(ポーランド)、98年の宗派政党に続いて02年の農民政党といった歴史的政党の消滅(ハンガリー)など、政党配列に未だ変動の余地があることを示したが、政党配列に変動の見られなかったチェコを含めて、政党ブロック編成やブロック単位での有権者の投票行動にはある程度の安定性が観察された(但し傾向的な安定化について語りうるかは即断できない)。他方で、P.Mairの政権連合をめぐる政党間競争構造に着目した政党システム変動分析は、当該諸国の政党システムの安定化分析に一定の有効性を示しているが、政権連合の選択肢相互間の排他性を重視することには、ハンガリーの選挙結果を観察する限り、疑問を提示せざるを得ない。幸いにして、高投票率によって極右政党が5%条項を突破できなかったために実現は免れたものの、中道右派=極右の右翼連合の成立可能性は、政党システムの安定性とは別の次元で、デモクラシーの固定化をも危うくしかねなかったのである。この点には『ヨーロッパ政治ハンドブック』第2刷(改訂版)の執筆箇所で言及した。

  15. 東ヨーロッパにおける民主化と「市民社会」-ハンガリーを中心に東中欧比較史の視座から-

    平田 武

    Offer Organization: 日本学術振興会

    System: 科学研究費助成事業

    Category: 奨励研究(A)

    Institution: 東北大学

    1998 - 1999

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    1980年代末以降の東中欧諸国の民主化過程の分析を、ハンガリーを中心に、「市民社会」概念を用いて歴史的展開の中に位置付ける作業を進め、その成果の一部を、一つには、「東中欧民主化と市民社会論の射程-近代ハンガリー史への視座を交えて」という論攷として東北大学法学部の紀要に発表し、もう一つとして、1999年度日本政治学会研究会で「東中欧民主化と市民社会・政党制・政治文化」と題して報告を行った。 前者においては、共産党独裁体制の変容とデモクラシーへの移行過程とを、規範概念とは区別された分析概念としての「市民社会」概念を用いて、東中欧諸国間の比較に主眼を置きつつ分析することを試みた。 後者の学会報告においては、紙幅の関係で論文においては素描するにとどまったデモクラシーの固定化の時期を中心に、政党制の安定化過程と民主的政治文化の定着過程とに焦点を当てて、概観と同時に比較分析を試みた。政党制に関しては、変易性volatility指数を用いて、その安定化過程の遅れを指摘し、この要因の一つとして政党制と亀裂cleavageとの間の結合が市民社会の諸組織によって媒介される程度の低さを指摘し、他方で、にもかかわらず民主的政治文化の定着度は少なくとも東中欧三国では比較的高く、この現象は政治エリートの民主的な行動様式の定着度によって、部分的には、左右されるものであること、翻って前体制下での市民社会における対抗エリートの政治文化の反映でもあることを指摘した。 更に論文の末尾に、補論として、民主化前後にハンガリーで人口に膾炙した「市民化polgarosodas」という概念を用いて、ハンガリー近代史を市民社会概念を用いて再構成する方向性を、最近の現地での社会史の研究動向の紹介を絡めて、論じた。この点はまだ試論の域を出ず、今後の課題である。

  16. 東ヨーロッパ民主化過程の政治学的分析--ハンガリーを中心に--

    平田 武

    Offer Organization: 日本学術振興会

    System: 科学研究費助成事業

    Category: 奨励研究(A)

    Institution: 東京大学

    1995 - 1995

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    前年度にまとめた1994年5月のハンガリー総選挙の分析をふまえて、現地の新聞等を読むことでハンガリーおよび東中欧諸国の民主化過程の観測を継続して行った。現在、東中欧各国の抱える財政赤字問題への対応を通して現れる差異の比較を試みている。ハンガリーのデモクラシーへの「移行」期に重要な役割を果たした反体制派(かつてのサミズダード)雑誌『話者』のバック・ナンバーを初め、関連資料・文献の収集を継続した。また、デモクラシーの「固定化」過程に現れる差異の一端が歴史的経験の差異に由来するという仮定から出発して、共産党独裁体制に先立つ時代の東中欧諸国のデモクラシーに関する経験の比較を行い、北海道大学スラブ研究センターでの夏の国際シンポジウムで発表した。報告に対してはシンポジウムの場でのコメント・批判が寄せられたほかに、報告原稿をディスカッション・ペ-パ-として東京大学社会科学研究所内の関連する研究者と東欧史研究会のメンバーに配布し、コメント・批判を受けた。それらを踏まえてまとめたペ-パ-をシンポジウム報告集用に提出した。民主政の「固定化」過程ではそれ以前の「移行」期とは異なって政党の他に利益団体が重要な役割を演じると考えるところから、ハンガリーに関して共産党独裁以前の時期における利益団体政治の伝統について考察をまとめ現在論文を執筆中である。その一部を東京大学社会科学研究所の紀要に発表する予定でいる。

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    ポスト社会主義諸国の政党・選挙データベース作成

  2. 旧ソ連・東欧地域における体制転換の総合的比較研究

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    旧ソ連・東欧地域における体制転換の総合的比較研究