Details of the Researcher

PHOTO

Hisashi Nakahara
Section
Graduate School of Science
Job title
Associate Professor
Degree
  • 博士(理学)(東北大学)

  • 修士(理学)(東北大学)

Committee Memberships 3

  • 日本地震学会 理事

    2024/05 - 2026/05

  • 日本地震学会IASPEI委員会 幹事

    2024/04 - 2026/03

  • 日本地震学会強震動委員会 委員長

    2024/04 - 2026/03

Professional Memberships 4

  • アメリカ地球物理学連合(American Geophysical Union)

  • 物理探査学会

  • 日本地球惑星科学連合

  • 日本地震学会

Research Interests 1

  • 地震学

Research Areas 1

  • Natural sciences / Solid earth science / Seismology

Awards 2

  1. 2007年度日本地震学会論文賞

    2008/05 日本地震学会

  2. 2005年日本地震学会若手学術奨励賞

    2006/05/14 日本地震学会

Papers 65

  1. Volcanic tremor associated with successive gas emission activity at a boiling pool: Analyses of seismic array and visible image data recorded at Iwo-Yama in Kirishima Volcanic complex, Japan

    Masato Hata, Takeshi Nishimura, Takeshi Matsushima, Tomofumi Kozono, Tsutomu Nagatsuma, Ken T. Murata, Kazutaka Kikuta, Dan Muramatsu, Hisashi Nakahara

    Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research 455 108212-108212 2024/11

    Publisher: Elsevier BV

    DOI: 10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2024.108212  

    ISSN: 0377-0273

  2. Time-lapse imaging of seismic scattering property and velocity in the northeastern Japan

    Takashi Hirose, Qing-Yu Wang, Michel Campillo, Hisashi Nakahara, Ludovic Margerin, Eric Larose, Takeshi Nishimura

    Earth and Planetary Science Letters 619 118321-118321 2023/10

    Publisher: Elsevier BV

    DOI: 10.1016/j.epsl.2023.118321  

    ISSN: 0012-821X

  3. Anisotropic seismic velocity variations in response to different orientations of tidal deformations

    Tomoya Takano, Takeshi Nishimura, Hisashi Nakahara

    Geophysical Journal International 235 (3) 2716-2726 2023/09/18

    Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)

    DOI: 10.1093/gji/ggad386  

    ISSN: 0956-540X

    eISSN: 1365-246X

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    SUMMARY Microcracks or micropores in rocks cause the elastic moduli to change with the applied strain owing to the nonlinear elasticity of the geomaterial, which causes temporal changes in the seismic wave velocity. Thus, variations in seismic wave velocity can be used as a proxy for understanding the strain or stress variations in the crust, which are crucial for figuring out the dynamics of the fault zones and volcanic domains. According to the theory of nonlinear elasticity, the second- and third-order elastic constants and strain tensors contribute to the strain derivative of seismic wave velocity changes. Although laboratory experiments have estimated third-order elastic constants for rock samples, the in situ values of those constants for the crust are difficult to obtain. In this study, seismic velocity changes were investigated in different directions of tidal deformations to provide constraints on the third-order elastic constants in the shallow crust by applying a seismic interferometry method to ambient noise records. We observed that negative velocity changes were of larger magnitude in the station-pair direction parallel to the tidal strain’s direction. Nonlinear elasticity in shallow crust may cause anisotropic velocity variations in response to tidal deformations. Our results highlight the use of velocity change measurements in different directions of tidal strain to constrain nonlinear elastic parameters on a field scale.

  4. Fine Structure of Tremor Migrations Beneath the Kii Peninsula, Southwest Japan, Extracted With a Space‐Time Hough Transform

    Kodai Sagae, Hisashi Nakahara, Takeshi Nishimura, Kazutoshi Imanishi

    Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth 128 (6) 2023/05/27

    Publisher: American Geophysical Union (AGU)

    DOI: 10.1029/2022jb026248  

    ISSN: 2169-9313

    eISSN: 2169-9356

  5. Connection between the cross correlation and the Green's function: strain and rotation of surface waves Peer-reviewed

    Hisashi Nakahara, Matthew M. Haney

    GEOPHYSICAL JOURNAL INTERNATIONAL 230 (2) 1166-1180 2022/05

    DOI: 10.1093/gji/ggac094  

    ISSN: 0956-540X

    eISSN: 1365-246X

  6. Classification of volcanic tremors and earthquakes based on seismic correlation: application at Sakurajima volcano, Japan Peer-reviewed

    Theodorus Permana, Takeshi Nishimura, Hisashi Nakahara, Nikolai Shapiro

    GEOPHYSICAL JOURNAL INTERNATIONAL 229 (2) 1077-1097 2022/01

    DOI: 10.1093/gji/ggab517  

    ISSN: 0956-540X

    eISSN: 1365-246X

  7. Source location of volcanic earthquakes and subsurface characterization using fiber-optic cable and distributed acoustic sensing system Peer-reviewed

    Takeshi Nishimura, Kentaro Emoto, Hisashi Nakahara, Satoshi Miura, Mare Yamamoto, Shunsuke Sugimura, Ayumu Ishikawa, Tsunehisa Kimura

    Scientific Reports 11 (1) 2021/12

    Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

    DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-85621-8  

    eISSN: 2045-2322

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    <title>Abstract</title>We present one of the first studies on source location determination for volcanic earthquakes and characterization of volcanic subsurfaces using data from a distributed acoustic sensing (DAS) system. Using the arrival time difference estimated from well-correlated waveforms and a dense spatial distribution of seismic amplitudes recorded along the fiber-optic cable, we determine the hypocenters of volcanic earthquakes recorded at Azuma volcano, Japan. The sources are located at a shallow depth beneath active volcanic areas with a range of approximately 1 km. Spatial distribution of the site amplification factors determined from coda waves of regional tectonic earthquakes are well correlated with old lava flow distributions and volcano topography. Since DAS observation can be performed remotely and buried fiber-optic cables are not damaged by volcanic ash or bombs during eruptions, this new observation system is suitable for monitoring of volcanoes without risk of system damage and for evaluating volcanic structures.

  8. Scattering strength at active volcanoes in Japan as inferred from the peak ratio analysis of teleseismic P waves Peer-reviewed

    Gugi Ganefianto, Hisashi Nakahara, Takeshi Nishimura

    Earth, Planets and Space 73 207 2021/11

    DOI: 10.1186/s40623-021-01541x  

  9. Extending the formulation of the spatial autocorrelation (SPAC) method to strain, rotation and tilt Peer-reviewed

    Hisashi Nakahara, Kentaro Emoto, Takeshi Nishimura

    GEOPHYSICAL JOURNAL INTERNATIONAL 227 (1) 287-302 2021/10

    DOI: 10.1093/gji/ggab217  

    ISSN: 0956-540X

    eISSN: 1365-246X

  10. High resolution location of deep low-frequency tremors beneath the Kii Peninsula, Nankai subduction zone, Japan, using data from a dense seismic array

    Kodai Sagae, Hisashi Nakahara, Takeshi Nishimura, Kazutoshi Imanishi

    Geophysical Journal International 225 (2) 775-788 2021/02/15

    Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)

    DOI: 10.1093/gji/ggab004  

    ISSN: 0956-540X

    eISSN: 1365-246X

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    <title>SUMMARY</title> This study performs detection and location of deep low-frequency tremors beneath the Kii Peninsula, Nankai subduction zone, Japan, using data from a dense seismic array. We set a quantitative threshold for the tremor detection based on the Gaussian distribution of waveform coherence among stations to distinguish between tremor signal and noise. Then, we estimated slownesses and arrival azimuths by applying the Multiple Signal Classification method and performed hypocentre determination by backprojection onto the plate interface. During the analysed period of 2 yrs from July 2012 to July 2014, we detected  25155 tremor events which are approximately 2.2 times more than those in the AIST-tremor catalogue based on the conventional envelope correlation method ( 11475 events). This improvement is due to the detection of even weak amplitude tremors owing to the array analysis scheme, which uses recorded waveform’s phase information. Our high-resolution tremor catalogue leads to the following findings of the tremor activity in the Kii Peninsula. A few tremor episodes show continuous updip migration in the initial stage. The updip migration speed depends on whether the tremor migrates in the along-strike direction after the updip migration: approximately 1.0 km hr –1 for tremors that develop into the along-strike migration, and approximately 0.5 km hr–1 for those that do not. Estimated radiated energies are found to increase gradually with propagation into the updip direction. These findings suggest the depth dependence of the frictional strength on the plate interface. Furthermore, we noticed that accumulated radiated energies are positively correlated with the updip migration speed, and this relationship implies that fluid migration might play a role in the updip migration.

  11. Urgent Joint Seismic Observation Data of the 2016 Kumamoto Earthquakes Peer-reviewed

    Azusa SHITO, Ayaho MITSUOKA, Satoshi MATSUMOTO, Takeshi MATSUSHIMA, Koki AIZAWA, Hiroshi SHIMIZU, Kazunari UCHIDA, Megumi KAMIZONO, Yoshiko TEGURI, Manami NAKAMOTO, Rintaro MIYAMACHI, Masayoshi ICHIYANAGI, Mako OHZONO, Kazumi OKADA, Kei KATSUMATA, Masamitsu TAKADA, Hiroaki TAKAHASHI, Yuichiro TANIOKA, Teruhiro YAMAGUCHI, Masahiro KOSUGA, Ryosuke AZUMA, Naoki UCHIDA, Kentaro EMOTO, Yusaku OHTA, Tomomi OKADA, Toshiki KAIDA, Tomofumi KOZONO, Syuichi SUZUKI, Ryota TAKAGI, Tomotsugu DEMACHI, Hisashi NAKAHARA, Takashi NAKAYAMA, Satoshi HIRAHARA, Toru MATSUZAWA, Satoshi MIURA, Mare YAMAMOTO, Kazutoshi IMANISHI, Takahiko UCHIDE, Masayuki YOSHIMI, Shin AOI, Youichi ASANO, Tomotake UENO, Eisuke FUJITA, Eiji ABE, Takashi IIDAKA, Takaya IWASAKI, Aitaro KATO, Eiji KURASHIMO, Shin’ichi SAKAI, Takahiro SHIINA, Masato SERIZAWA, Shinichi TANAKA, Shigeki NAKAGAWA, Naoshi HIRATA, Masataka MASUDA, Koji MIYAKAWA, Takeo YAGI, Atsushi WATANABE, Kazuhiko GOTO, Takeo ITO, Takashi OKUDA, Toshiko TERAKAWA, Shinichiro HORIKAWA, Yuta MAEDA, Kenjiro MATSUHIRO, Yoshiko YAMANAKA, Toshiki WATANABE, Yoshihisa IIO, Hiroshi KATAO, Yasuyuki KANO, Hiroo TSUDA, Tsutomu MIURA, Tomoya MURAMOTO, Yusuke YAMASHITA, Makoto OKUBO, Tadashi YAMASHINA, Takahiro OHKURA, Shigeru NAKAO, Shuichiro HIRANO, Hiroki MIYAMACHI, Hiroshi YAKIWARA

    Zisin (Journal of the Seismological Society of Japan. 2nd ser.) 73 149-157 2020/10/27

    Publisher: Seismological Society of Japan

    DOI: 10.4294/zisin.2019-11  

    ISSN: 0037-1114

    eISSN: 1883-9029 2186-599X

  12. Locating Spatial Changes of Seismic Scattering Property by Sparse Modeling of Seismic Ambient Noise Cross‐Correlation Functions: Application to the 2008 Iwate‐Miyagi Nairiku ( M w 6.9), Japan, Earthquake Peer-reviewed

    Takashi Hirose, Hisashi Nakahara, Takeshi Nishimura, Michel Campillo

    Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth 125 (6) 2020/06

    Publisher: American Geophysical Union (AGU)

    DOI: 10.1029/2019jb019307  

    ISSN: 2169-9313

    eISSN: 2169-9356

  13. Reliability evaluation of volcanic tremor source location determination using cross-correlation functions Peer-reviewed

    Theodorus Permana, Takeshi Nishimura, Hisashi Nakahara, Eisuke Fujita, Hideki Ueda

    GEOPHYSICAL JOURNAL INTERNATIONAL 220 (2) 1300-1315 2020/02

    DOI: 10.1093/gji/ggz523  

    ISSN: 0956-540X

    eISSN: 1365-246X

  14. Spectral ratio analyses of explosion earthquakes at Sakurajima Volcano, Japan Peer-reviewed

    Mohammad Hasib, Takeshi Nishimura, Hisashi Nakahara

    JOURNAL OF VOLCANOLOGY AND GEOTHERMAL RESEARCH 381 302-311 2019/09

    DOI: 10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2019.05.005  

    ISSN: 0377-0273

    eISSN: 1872-6097

  15. A Passive Estimation Method of Scattering and Intrinsic Absorption Parameters From Envelopes of Seismic Ambient Noise Cross-Correlation Functions Peer-reviewed

    Takashi Hirose, Hisashi Nakahara, Takeshi Nishimura

    GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS 46 (7) 3634-3642 2019/04

    DOI: 10.1029/2018GL080553  

    ISSN: 0094-8276

    eISSN: 1944-8007

  16. Sensitivity of Seismic Velocity Changes to the Tidal Strain at Different Lapse Times: Data Analyses of a Small Seismic Array at Izu-Oshima Volcano Peer-reviewed

    Tomoya Takano, Takeshi Nishimura, Hisashi Nakahara, Hideki Ueda, Eisuke Fujita

    JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH 124 (3) 3011-3023 2019/03

    DOI: 10.1029/2018JB016235  

    ISSN: 2169-9313

    eISSN: 2169-9356

  17. Ambient Seismic Noise Image of the Structurally Controlled Heat and Fluid Feeder Pathway at Campi Flegrei Caldera Peer-reviewed

    De Siena, L, C. Sammarco, D. G. Cornwell, M. La Rocca, F. Bianco, L. Zaccarelli, H. Nakahara

    Geophysical Research Letters 45 (13) 6428-6436 2018/07

  18. Seismic velocity changes concentrated at the shallow structure as inferred from correlation analyses of ambient noise during volcano deformation at Izu-Oshima, Japan Peer-reviewed

    Tomoya Takano, Takeshi Nishimura, Hisashi Nakahara

    JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH 122 (8) 6721-6736 2017/08

    DOI: 10.1002/2017JB014340  

    ISSN: 2169-9313

    eISSN: 2169-9356

  19. Seismic velocity changes of P and S waves associated with the 2011 Tohoku-Oki earthquake (M-w 9.0) as inferred from analyses of repeating earthquakes Peer-reviewed

    Karim Pacheco, Takeshi Nishimura, Hisashi Nakahara

    GEOPHYSICAL JOURNAL INTERNATIONAL 209 (1) 517-533 2017/04

    DOI: 10.1093/gji/ggx043  

    ISSN: 0956-540X

    eISSN: 1365-246X

  20. Combined use of repeated active shots and ambient noise to detect temporal changes in seismic velocity: application to Sakurajima volcano, Japan Peer-reviewed

    Takashi Hirose, Hisashi Nakahara, Takeshi Nishimura

    EARTH PLANETS AND SPACE 69 42 2017/03

    DOI: 10.1186/s40623-017-0613-7  

    ISSN: 1880-5981

  21. Deriving Sensitivity Kernels of Coda-Wave Travel Times to Velocity Changes Based on the Three-Dimensional Single Isotropic Scattering Model Peer-reviewed

    Hisashi Nakahara, Kentaro Emoto

    PURE AND APPLIED GEOPHYSICS 174 (1) 327-337 2017/01

    DOI: 10.1007/s00024-016-1358-0  

    ISSN: 0033-4553

    eISSN: 1420-9136

  22. Preliminary estimation of high-frequency (4-20 Hz) energy released from the 2016 Kumamoto, Japan, earthquake sequence Peer-reviewed

    Kaoru Sawazaki, Hisashi Nakahara, Katsuhiko Shiomi

    EARTH PLANETS AND SPACE 68 (1) 183 2016/11

    DOI: 10.1186/s40623-016-0557-3  

    ISSN: 1880-5981

  23. Coseismic and post-seismic velocity changes detected by Passive Image Interferometry: comparison of one great and five strong earthquakes in Japan Peer-reviewed

    Manuel Hobiger, Ulrich Wegler, Katsuhiko Shiomi, Hisashi Nakahara

    GEOPHYSICAL JOURNAL INTERNATIONAL 205 (2) 1053-1073 2016/05

    DOI: 10.1093/gji/ggw066  

    ISSN: 0956-540X

    eISSN: 1365-246X

  24. Estimating S-Wave Attenuation in Sediments by Deconvolution Analysis of KiK-net Borehole Seismograms Peer-reviewed

    Rintaro Fukushima, Hisashi Nakahara, Takeshi Nishimura

    BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 106 (2) 552-559 2016/04

    DOI: 10.1785/0120150059  

    ISSN: 0037-1106

    eISSN: 1943-3573

  25. Seismic velocity changes and crustal deformation at Izuoshima - Analyses of JMA data -

    Takano Tomoya, Nishimura Takeshi, Nakahara Hisashi

    PROGRAMME AND ABSTRACTS THE VOLCANOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2016 39-39 2016

    Publisher: The Volcanological Society of Japan

    DOI: 10.18940/vsj.2016.0_39  

  26. Detection of spatio-temporal changes of seismic scattering properties associated with the dike intrusion on 15 August 2015 at Sakurajima volcano based on seismic interferometry

    Hirose Takashi, Nakahara Hisashi, Nishimura Takeshi

    PROGRAMME AND ABSTRACTS THE VOLCANOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2016 106-106 2016

    Publisher: The Volcanological Society of Japan

    DOI: 10.18940/vsj.2016.0_106  

  27. Source characteristics of explosion earthquakes at Sakurajima volcano using spectral ratio method

    Hasib Mohammad, Nishimura Takeshi, Nakahara Hisashi

    PROGRAMME AND ABSTRACTS THE VOLCANOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2016 18-18 2016

    Publisher: The Volcanological Society of Japan

    DOI: 10.18940/vsj.2016.0_18  

  28. Point spread functions for earthquake source imaging: An interpretation based on seismic interferometry Peer-reviewed

    Nakahara, H, M. Haney

    Geophys. J. Int. 202 54-61 2015/04

    DOI: 10.1093/gji/ggv109,  

  29. Auto Correlation Analysis of Coda Waves from Local Earthquakes for Detecting Temporal Changes in Shallow Subsurface Structures: the 2011 Tohoku-Oki, Japan Earthquake Peer-reviewed

    Hisashi Nakahara

    PURE AND APPLIED GEOPHYSICS 172 (2) 213-224 2015/02

    DOI: 10.1007/s00024-014-0849-0  

    ISSN: 0033-4553

    eISSN: 1420-9136

  30. Seismic velocity changes caused by the Earth tide: Ambient noise correlation analyses of small-array data Peer-reviewed

    Tomoya Takano, Takeshi Nishimura, Hisashi Nakahara, Yusaku Ohta, Sachiko Tanaka

    GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS 41 (17) 6131-6136 2014/09

    DOI: 10.1002/2014GL060690  

    ISSN: 0094-8276

    eISSN: 1944-8007

  31. Single-station cross-correlation analysis of ambient seismic noise: application to stations in the surroundings of the 2008 Iwate-Miyagi Nairiku earthquake Peer-reviewed

    Manuel Hobiger, Ulrich Wegler, Katsuhiko Shiomi, Hisashi Nakahara

    GEOPHYSICAL JOURNAL INTERNATIONAL 198 (1) 90-109 2014/07

    DOI: 10.1093/gji/ggu115  

    ISSN: 0956-540X

    eISSN: 1365-246X

  32. Surface-Wave Green's Tensors in the Near Field Peer-reviewed

    Matthew M. Haney, Hisashi Nakahara

    BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 104 (3) 1578-1586 2014/06

    DOI: 10.1785/0120130113  

    ISSN: 0037-1106

    eISSN: 1943-3573

  33. Separating body and Rayleigh waves with cross terms of the cross-correlation tensor of ambient noise Peer-reviewed

    Ryota Takagi, Hisashi Nakahara, Toshio Kono, Tomomi Okada

    JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH 119 (3) 2005-2018 2014/03

    DOI: 10.1002/2013JB010824  

    ISSN: 2169-9313

    eISSN: 2169-9356

  34. Envelope inversion analysis for high-frequency seismic energy radiation from the 2011 Mw 9.0 Off the Pacific Coast of Tohoku earthquake Peer-reviewed

    Hisashi Nakahara

    Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America 103 (2 B) 1348-1359 2013/05

    DOI: 10.1785/0120120155  

    ISSN: 0037-1106 1943-3573

  35. Extension of the spatial autocorrelation (SPAC) method to mixed-component correlations of surface waves Peer-reviewed

    Matthew M. Haney, T. Dylan Mikesell, Kasper van Wijk, Hisashi Nakahara

    Geophysical Journal International 191 (1) 189-206 2012/10

    DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-246X.2012.05597.x  

    ISSN: 0956-540X 1365-246X

  36. Coseismic and postseismic elastic wave velocity variations caused by the 2008 Iwate-Miyagi Nairiku earthquake, Japan Peer-reviewed

    M. Hobiger, U. Wegler, K. Shiomi, H. Nakahara

    Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth 117 (9) 2012/09/01

    Publisher: Blackwell Publishing Ltd

    DOI: 10.1029/2012JB009402  

    ISSN: 2169-9356 2169-9313

  37. Formulation of the spatial autocorrelation (SPAC) method in dissipative media Peer-reviewed

    Hisashi Nakahara

    GEOPHYSICAL JOURNAL INTERNATIONAL 190 (3) 1777-1783 2012/09

    DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-246X.2012.05591.x  

    ISSN: 0956-540X

  38. Coseismic velocity change in and around the focal region of the 2008 Iwate-Miyagi Nairiku earthquake Peer-reviewed

    Ryota Takagi, Tomomi Okada, Hisashi Nakahara, Norihito Umino, Akira Hasegawa

    Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth 117 (6) 2012/06/01

    Publisher: Blackwell Publishing Ltd

    DOI: 10.1029/2012JB009252  

    ISSN: 2169-9356 2169-9313

    eISSN: 2169-9356

  39. Testing Equipartition for S-Wave Coda Using Borehole Records of Local Earthquakes Peer-reviewed

    Hisashi Nakahara, Ludovic Margerin

    BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 101 (5) 2243-2251 2011/10

    DOI: 10.1785/0120100353  

    ISSN: 0037-1106

  40. Radiative transfer of elastic waves in two-dimensional isotropic scattering media: Semi-analytical approach for isotropic source radiation Peer-reviewed

    Hisashi Nakahara, Kazuo Yoshimoto

    EARTH PLANETS AND SPACE 63 (6) 459-468 2011

    DOI: 10.5047/eps.2011.03.006  

    ISSN: 1880-5981

  41. Direct observation of rupture propagation during the 2011 off the Pacific coast of Tohoku Earthquake (M-w 9.0) using a small seismic array Peer-reviewed

    Hisashi Nakahara, Haruo Sato, Takeshi Nishimura, Hiroyuki Fujiwara

    EARTH PLANETS AND SPACE 63 (7) 589-594 2011

    DOI: 10.5047/eps.2011.06.002  

    ISSN: 1343-8832

  42. Maximum-Likelihood Method for Estimating Coda Q and the Nakagami-m Parameter Peer-reviewed

    Hisashi Nakahara, Eduard Carcole

    BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 100 (6) 3174-3182 2010/12

    DOI: 10.1785/0120100030  

    ISSN: 0037-1106

  43. Sudden drop of seismic velocity after the 2004 M-w 6.6 mid-Niigata earthquake, Japan, observed with Passive Image Interferometry Peer-reviewed

    U. Wegler, H. Nakahara, C. Sens-Schoenfelder, M. Korn, K. Shiomi

    JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH 114 (B6) 2009/06

    DOI: 10.1029/2008JB005869  

    ISSN: 2169-9313

    eISSN: 2169-9356

  44. Time-Lapse Changes of Seismic Velocity in the Shallow Ground Caused by Strong Ground Motion Shock of the 2000 Western-Tottori Earthquake, Japan, as Revealed from Coda Deconvolution Analysis Peer-reviewed

    Kaoru Sawazaki, Haruo Sato, Hisashi Nakahara, Takeshi Nishimura

    BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 99 (1) 352-366 2009/02

    DOI: 10.1785/0120080058  

    ISSN: 0037-1106

    eISSN: 1943-3573

  45. SEISMOGRAM ENVELOPE INVERSION FOR HIGH-FREQUENCY SEISMIC ENERGY RADIATION FROM MODERATE-TO-LARGE EARTHQUAKES Peer-reviewed

    Hisashi Nakahara

    ADVANCES IN GEOPHYSICS, VOL 50 50 401-426 2008

    DOI: 10.1016/S0065-2687(08)00015-0  

    ISSN: 0065-2687

  46. A systematic study of theoretical relations between spatial correlation and Green's function in one-, two- and three-dimensional random scalar wavefields Peer-reviewed

    Hisashi Nakahara

    GEOPHYSICAL JOURNAL INTERNATIONAL 167 (3) 1097-1105 2006/12

    DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-246X.2006.03170.x  

    ISSN: 0956-540X

    eISSN: 1365-246X

  47. Temporal change in site response caused by earthquake strong motion as revealed from coda spectral ratio measurement Invited Peer-reviewed

    Kaoru Sawazaki, Haruo Sato, Hisashi Nakahara, Takeshi Nishimura

    GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS 33 (21) 2006/11

    DOI: 10.1029/2006GL027938  

    ISSN: 0094-8276

  48. Theoretical background of retrieving Green's function by cross-correlation: one-dimensional case Peer-reviewed

    Hisashi Nakahara

    GEOPHYSICAL JOURNAL INTERNATIONAL 165 (3) 719-728 2006/06

    DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-246X.2006.02916.x  

    ISSN: 0956-540X

    eISSN: 1365-246X

  49. Strong ground motions recorded by a near-source seismographic array during the 16 August 2005 Miyagi-Ken-Oki, JAPAN, earthquake (Mw 7.2) Peer-reviewed

    Hisashi Nakahara, Kaoru Sawazaki, Nobumasa Takagi, Takeshi Nishimura, Haruo Sato, Hiroyuki Fujiwara

    EARTH PLANETS AND SPACE 58 (12) 1555-1559 2006

    DOI: 10.1186/BF03352660  

    ISSN: 1343-8832

  50. A derivation of the relation between spatial correlation and Green's function based on the slowness method: Isotropic incidence of random scalar waves Peer-reviewed

    Hisashi NAKAHARA

    Zisin 59 (2) 159-166 2006

    Publisher:

    DOI: 10.4294/zisin.59.159  

    ISSN: 0037-1114

  51. Temporal changes in seismic velocity of the crust around Iwate volcano, Japan, as inferred from analyses of repeated active seismic experiment data from 1998 to 2003 Peer-reviewed

    Takeshi Nishimura, Satoru Tanaka, Teruo Yamawaki, Hidekazu Yamamoto, Takashi Sano, Minemori Sato, Hisashi Nakahara, Naoki Uchida, Shuichiro Hori, Haruo Sato

    Earth, Planets and Space 57 (6) 491-505 2005

    Publisher: Springer Berlin

    DOI: 10.1186/BF03352583  

    ISSN: 1880-5981 1343-8832

  52. Correlation distance of waveforms for closely located events - I. Implication of the heterogeneous structure around the source region of the 1995 Hyogo-Ken Nanbu, Japan, earthquake (M-w=6.9) Peer-reviewed

    H Nakahara

    GEOPHYSICAL JOURNAL INTERNATIONAL 157 (3) 1255-1268 2004/06

    DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-246X.2004.02278.x  

    ISSN: 0956-540X

  53. Inversion of the high-frequency source radiation of M6.8 Avachinsky Gulf, Kamchatka, earthquake using empirical and theoretical envelope Green functions Peer-reviewed

    Anatoly G. Petukhin, Hisashi Nakahara, Alexander A. Gusev

    Earth, Planets and Space 56 (9) 921-925 2004

    Publisher: Springer Berlin

    DOI: 10.1186/BF03352539  

    ISSN: 1880-5981 1343-8832

  54. Broadband source process of the 1998 Iwate prefecture, Japan, earthquake as revealed from inversion analyses of seismic waveforms and envelopes Peer-reviewed

    H Nakahara, T Nishimura, H Sato, M Ohtake, S Kinoshita, H Hamaguchi

    BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 92 (5) 1708-1720 2002/06

    DOI: 10.1785/0120010161  

    ISSN: 0037-1106

    eISSN: 1943-3573

  55. 岩手山における人工地震探査—観測および初動の読み取り—

    田中 聡, 浜口博之, 山脇輝夫, 西村太志, 植木貞人, 中道治久, 宮町宏樹, 筒井智樹, 松尾のり道, 及川純, 大湊隆雄, 宮岡一樹, 鬼澤真也, 森健彦, 相澤幸司, 中原恒, 堀修一郎, 佐藤俊也, 河野俊夫, 仁田交市

    東京大学地震研究所彙報 78 (2) 121-143 2002

    Publisher: 東京大学地震研究所

    DOI: 10.15083/0000032557  

    ISSN: 0040-8972

    More details Close

    Seismic exploration using artificial sources was conducted at Usu volcano, Japan in November,2001 by 58 participants from nine national universities, Japan Meteorological Agency, Japan Nuclear Cycle Development, and Institute of Physical and Chemical Research to investigate subsurface seismic structures. The exploration was the eighth joint experiment under the National Project for Prediction of Volcanic Eruptions. A total of 288 temporal stations equipped with a 2Hz vertical component seismometer and a portable data logger were deployed in and around Usu volcano and Toya caldera. Dynamite shots with charges of 200-250kg were detonated at seven locations andseismic signals were successfully recorded. To reveal the P-wave velocity structure, first arrivaltimes were picked from the seismograms and 1877 useful arrival times are listed in this paper. From the record sections and the arrival time data, characteristics reflecting the geological structure of the experimental area were identified.

  56. Temporal change of seismic-wave velocity associated with the 1998 Northern Iwate prefecture, Japan earthquake Peer-reviewed

    Uchida, N, T. Nishimura, K. Yoshimoto, H. Nakahara, H. Sato, M. Ohtake, S. Tanaka, H. Hamaguchi

    J. Seismol. Soc. Japan 55 (2) 193-206 2002

    Publisher:

    DOI: 10.4294/zisin1948.55.2_193  

    ISSN: 0037-1114

  57. Scattering attenuation and intrinsic absorption using uniform and depth dependent model - Application to full seismogram envelope recorded in Northern Chile Peer-reviewed

    M Hoshiba, A Rietbrock, F Scherbaum, H Nakahara, C Haberland

    JOURNAL OF SEISMOLOGY 5 (2) 157-179 2001/04

    DOI: 10.1023/A:1011478202750  

    ISSN: 1383-4649

  58. Seasonality of great earthquake occurrence at the northwestern margin of the Philippine sea plate Peer-reviewed

    M Ohtake, H Nakahara

    PURE AND APPLIED GEOPHYSICS 155 (2-4) 689-700 1999/08

    DOI: 10.1007/s000240050283  

    ISSN: 0033-4553

  59. Spatial distribution of high-frequency energy radiation on the fault of the 1995 Hyogo-Ken Nanbu, Japan, earthquake (M-W 6.9) on the basis of the seismogram envelope inversion Peer-reviewed

    H Nakahara, H Sato, M Ohtake, T Nishimura

    BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 89 (1) 22-35 1999/02

    ISSN: 0037-1106

  60. 1998年9月3日岩手県内陸北部の地震(M6.1)の断層近傍で記録された強震動

    中原恒, 西村太志, 佐藤春夫, 大竹政和, 木下繁夫, 三浦哲, 植木貞人, 浜口博之

    Chikyu Monthly 239 (5) 322-326 1999

    Publisher:

    ISSN: 0387-3498

  61. Moment tensor inversion based on strong-motion data recorded around Mount Iwate

    Nakahara Hisashi, Nishimura Takeshi, Kinoshita Shigeo, Sato Haruo, Ohtake Masakazu, Miura Satoshi, Ueki Sadato, Hamaguchi Hiroyuki

    PROGRAMME AND ABSTRACTS THE VOLCANOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 1998 7-7 1998

    Publisher: The Volcanological Society of Japan

    DOI: 10.18940/vsj.1998.2.0_7  

  62. Seismogram envelope inversion for the spatial distribution of high-frequency energy radiation from the earthquake fault: Application to the 1994 far east off Sanriku earthquake, Japan Peer-reviewed

    H Nakahara, T Nishimura, H Sato, M Ohtake

    JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH 103 (B1) 855-867 1998/01

    DOI: 10.1029/97JB02676  

    ISSN: 2169-9313

    eISSN: 2169-9356

  63. Synthesis of scattered energy density for nonspherical radiation from a point shear dislocation source based on the radiative transfer theory Peer-reviewed

    H Sato, H Nakahara, M Ohtake

    PHYSICS OF THE EARTH AND PLANETARY INTERIORS 104 (1-3) 1-13 1997/11

    DOI: 10.1016/S0031-9201(97)00050-2  

    ISSN: 0031-9201

  64. 1996年8月11日秋田・宮城県付近の地震について

    海野徳仁, 堀内茂木, 山本明, 松澤暢, 日野亮太, 田中聡, 岡田知己, 橋本恵一, 堀修一郎, 河野俊夫, 仁田交市, 小野寺充, 中村綾子, 浅野陽一, 佐竹義美, 吉本和生, 中原恒, 早川俊彦, 長谷川昭, 小菅正裕, 渡辺和俊, 高野活子, 佐藤仙一, 根本信, 松岡英俊, 長谷見晶子, 佐々木克憲, 宮森まゆみ, 田中健也, 三浦英俊, 伊東明彦, 伊藤喜宏, 飯島健徳, 渡辺浩之, 小原一成, 木村尚紀, 野口伸一, 青井真, 笠原敬司

    東北地域災害科学研究報告 33 17-25 1997/04

  65. Seismic Velocity Structure Beneath Kirishima Volcanoes with Differential Analysis of Explosion Experiment Peer-reviewed

    TUTUI Tomoki, NISHIMURA Yuichi, KAGIYAMA Tsuneomi, MIKADA Hitoshi, MORITA Yuichi, MATSUSHIMA Takeshi, IGUCHI Masato, OIKAWA Jun, YAMAOKA Koshun, KUMAGAI Hiroyuki, MIYAMACHI Hiroki, WATANABE Toru, NISHIMURA Takeshi, TAKAGI Akimichi, YAMAMOTO Keigo, HAMAGUCHI Hiroyuki, OKADA Hiromu, MAEKAWA Tokumitsu, OSHIMA Hiromitsu, UEKI Sadato, HASHIMOTO Keiichi, NIDA Koichi, SHIGEHARA Satoshi, NAKAMICHI Haruhisa, SHIOMI Kastuhiko, NAKAHARA Hisashi, AOKI Shigeki, AOCHI Hideo, IDA Yoshiaki, WATANABE Hidefumi, ONIZAWA Shin-ya, OSADA Noboru, GYODA Noriya, TSUJI Hiroshi, YAMAGUCHI Masaru, MASUTANI Fumio, NISHIDOMI Ippei, INOUE Tomohiro, ITO Wataru, OKUDA Takashi, MIYAJIMA Rikio, SHIBATA Motoei, KITO Tadashi, TSURUGA Kayoko, MAEDA Mitoshi, SHIMIZU Hiroshi, MATSUO Norimichi, UMAKOSHI Kodo, UCHIDA Kazunari, OKUMURA Takashi, SHIBATA Manabu, SUDO Yasuaki, YOSHIKAWA Shin, YAMADA Toshihiro, MORI Takehiko, MATSUMOTO Yoshihiro, TAKAYAMA Testuro, HENDRASTO Muhamad, HIRANO Shuichiro, YAKIWARA Hiroshi, UENO Hiroshi, ISHIHARA Kazuhiko, MORI Hirokazu, HIRABAYASHI Jun-ichi, OBA Takeshi, NOGAMI Kenji, MORI Toshiya, SATO Masaki, TOMONAGA Sadao

    BULLETIN OF THE VOLCANOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 41 (5) 227-241 1996

    Publisher: The Volcanological Society of Japan

    DOI: 10.18940/kazan.41.5_227  

    ISSN: 0453-4360

    More details Close

    Seismic velocity structures beneath Kirishima volcanoes are estimated down to 3 km from the surface with the differential analysis of refraction from the explosion experiment. Three layers are interpreted in the central and northern part of the volcanoes and two layers are interpreted in the southern part of the volcanoes. Through the northern and middle part of the volcanoes, the first layer whose velocity is 2.1 km/s is almost constant thickness of 0.5 km. The second layer whose velocity is 3.6 km/s is 0.5 km thickness at the end of the northern volcanoes and thicken northwestward into 3 km thickness. The third layer whose velocity is 5.8 km/s is estimated. In the southern part of the volcanoes, all velocities are higher than those of the northern or middle part. Several features appear in the profiles; a discontinuity around Takachiho-gawara in the south part of the volcanoes, north-westward declination of the third layer as a basement, and no low velocity zone beneath recent active craters down to 3 km depth. These results are consistent with the results of Magnetotelluric survey.

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Misc. 14

  1. Comment on ‘Rayleigh-wave H/V ratio measurement from ambient noise cross-correlations and its sensitivity to Vp: a numerical study’ by Malkoti et al

    Matthew M. Haney, Hisashi Nakahara

    Geophysical Journal International 234 (3) 1970-1972 2023/09

    DOI: 10.1093/gji/ggad180  

    ISSN: 0956-540X

    eISSN: 1365-246X

  2. Seismic Interferometry (2) Application

    Hisashi Nakahara

    Zisin 68 125-133 2015/11

    DOI: 10.4249/zisin.68.125  

  3. Seismic Interferometry (1) Historical development and principles

    中原 恒

    Zisin 68 (4) 75-82 2015/09/28

    Publisher: SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN

    DOI: 10.4294/zisin.68.75  

  4. Theoretical Background for Estimating Attenuation Structures with Seismic Interferometry

    NAKAHARA Hisashi

    65 (3) 243-249 2013/01/31

    Publisher: 日本地震学会

    ISSN: 0037-1114

  5. 「地震学夏の学校2009」総合報告

    矢部康男, 伊藤喜宏, 内田直希, 太田雄策, 中島淳一, 中原恒, 山本希

    日本地震学会ニュースレター 21 (4) 4-5 2009/11/10

    ISSN: 0919-5319

  6. 2005年8月16日宮城県沖の地震 (M_w7.2) の高周波震源過程解析

    中原恒

    2005年8月16日に発生した宮城県沖の地震に関する調査研究 2006

  7. 2003年5月26日宮城県沖の地震(MJ7.0)の高周波エンベロープインバージョン解析 (総特集 2003年宮城県沖地震)

    中原 恒

    月刊地球 27 (1) 39-43 2005/01

    Publisher: 海洋出版

    ISSN: 0387-3498

  8. 「2004年地震学夏の学校」総合報告

    中島 淳一, 中原 恒

    日本地震学会ニュースレター 16 (4) 3-6 2004/11/10

    ISSN: 0919-5319

  9. Broad-Band Source Process Dedeuced by Inversion of Low-Frequency Waveforms and High-Frequency Seismogram Envelopes: The M6.1 Earthquake of September 3, 1988 in Iwate, Japan (Abstract)

    Nakahara Hisashi, Nishimura Takeshi, Sato Haruo, Ohtake Masakazu, Shigeo Kinoshita, Hamaguchi Hiroyuki

    The science reports of the Tohoku University. Fifth series, Tohoku geophysical journal 36 (2) 271-271 2001/09

    Publisher: Faculty of Science, Tohoku University

    ISSN: 0040-8794

  10. 「短波長不均質構造とその波動論的作用」研究会に参加して

    中原 恒

    日本地震学会ニュースレター 10 (6) 19-20 1999/03/01

    ISSN: 0919-5319

  11. Seismogram Envelope Inversion for the 1995 Hyogo-ken Nanbu Earthquake by Using Green's Function in a Depth Dependent Structure

    HAYAKAWA Toshihiko, NAKAHARA Hisashi, SATO Haruo, OHTAKE Masakazu

    1998 (2) 1998/10/09

  12. 「地震波探査における散乱波処理法についての研究会」に参加して

    中原 恒

    日本地震学会ニュースレター 9 (3) 30-31 1997/09/10

    ISSN: 0919-5319

  13. 「1996年地震学夏の学校」総合報告

    渡辺 和俊, 矢部 康男, 中原 恒, 長尾 栄広, 藤原 賢也, 早川 俊彦, 飯島 健徳, 森田 隆生, 矢部 康男

    日本地震学会ニュースレター 8 (4) 10-18 1996/11/10

    ISSN: 0919-5319

  14. Source process of the 1994 far east off Sanriku earthquake, Japan, as inferred from a broad-band seismogram

    Nishimura, T, H. Nakahara, H. Sato, M. Ohtake

    Tohoku Geophys. J. 36 (4) 121-134 1996

    Publisher: Faculty of Science, Tohoku University

    ISSN: 0040-8794

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Presentations 58

  1. 経験的モード分解に基づき測定された強震動パルスの卓越周期の特徴

    松穗 瑛人, 中原 恒

    日本地震学会2024年度秋季大会 2024/10/22

  2. 拡散波動場における歪成分へのエネルギー分配 (3)

    中原 恒

    日本地震学会2024年度秋季大会 2024/10/22

  3. 複素主成分分析を用いたDASで記録された吾妻山火山性地震の震源決定

    西村太志, 森作史哉, 中原 恒, 山本 希, 三浦 哲, 江本賢太郎

    日本火山学会2024年度秋季大会 2024/10/17

  4. 桜島 DAS により観測された土石流に伴う地盤振 動波形データの振幅および位相解析

    田口貴美子, 西村太志, 中原 恒, 廣瀬 郁, 中道治久, 江本賢太郎, 濱中 悟

    日本火山学会2024年度秋季大会 2024/10/17

  5. 長谷川誉久・西村太志・ 中原 恒・廣瀬 郁・田口貴美子・ 中道治久・江本賢太郎・濱中 悟

    長谷川誉久, 西村太志, 中原 恒, 廣瀬 郁, 田口貴美子, 中道治久, 江本賢太郎, 濱中 悟

    日本火山学会2024年度秋季大会 2024/10/16

  6. 2024年能登半島地震によるAN-netの強震動記録のアレイ解析

    中原 恒, 関根 秀太郎

    日本地球惑星科学連合2024年大会 2024/05/28

  7. 光ファイバーの屈曲点付近のDASデータを用いた2次元歪テンソルの推定

    中原 恒, 西村 太志, 田口 貴美子, 廣瀬 郁, 矢武 克啓, 中道 治久, 江本 賢太郎, 濱中 悟

    日本地球惑星科学連合2024年大会 2024/05/27

  8. 経験的モード分解に基づく断層近傍の強震動パルスの抽出: 2023年トルコ・シリア地震(Mw7.8)の解析

    松穗 瑛人, 中原 恒

    日本地球惑星科学連合2024年大会(千葉市, 2024年5月26日-5月31日) 2024/05/27

  9. DAS記録に含まれる交通振動を用いた国道47号線沿道の浅部地震波速度構造の推定

    矢武 克啓, 中原 恒, 江本 賢太郎, 西村 太志

    日本地球惑星科学連合2024年大会 2024/05/27

  10. 拡散波動場における歪成分へのエネルギー分配 (2)

    中原 恒, 江本 賢太郎

    日本地震学会2023年度秋季大会 2023/11/01

  11. 拡散波動場における歪成分のエネルギー分配 (1)

    中原 恒

    日本地球惑星科学連合2023年大会 2023/05/21

  12. 変位記録とDASの軸歪記録との相互相関の定式化

    中原 恒, Haney Matthew

    日本地震学会2022年度秋季大会 2022/10/25

  13. 東北地方における3成分回転地震計を用いた地震動の回転成分の観測

    中原 恒, 山本 希, 熊木 健人, 池谷 拓馬, 高木 涼太, 江本 賢太郎, 西村 太志

    日本地球惑星科学連合2022年大会 2022/05/31

  14. AN-netで得られた近地地震記録の解析と数値モデリング

    中原 恒, 関根 秀太郎

    日本地震学会2021年度秋季大会 2021/10/15

  15. Formulation of the SPAC method for strain, rotation, and tilt

    Hisashi Nakahara

    IAGA-IASPEI Joint Scientific Assembly 2021 2021/08/22

  16. 歪や回転の相互相関関数とグリーン関数との関係 表面波の場合

    中原 恒

    日本地球惑星科学連合2021年大会 2020/06/05

  17. DASによる歪記録に対するSPAC的表現の解析的導出

    中原 恒, 江本 賢太郎, 西村 太志

    日本地震学会2020年度秋季大会 2020/10/30

  18. 光ファイバーとDASの記録を用いた吾妻山の火山性地震の震源決定

    西村 太志, 江本 賢太郎, 中原 恒, 三浦 哲, 山本 希, 杉村 俊輔, 植田 尚大, 石川 歩, 木村 恒久

    JpGU - AGU Joint Meeting 2020

  19. Estimation of the spatial distribution of Qs values beneath the Kii Peninsula, Japan by the twofold spectral ratio method

    寒河江 皓大, 中原 恒, 西村 太志, 今西 和俊

    JpGU - AGU Joint Meeting 2020

  20. 2次元1次等方散乱モデルに基づくDASによるエンベロープのモデリング

    中原 恒, 江本 賢太郎, 西村 太志

    JpGU - AGU Joint Meeting 2020 2020/07

  21. 地震波速度変化の統計的特徴(3)

    中原 恒

    日本地震学会2019年秋季大会 2019/09

  22. Statistical Characteristics of Observed Seismic Velocity Changes

    Hisashi Nakahara

    IUGG 2019 2019/07

  23. データ同化に基づく地中地震記録を用いた地表地震動の予測(2)

    石原 正也・中原 恒

    日本地球惑星科学連合2019年大会 2019/05

  24. 地震計アレイデータの逆投影による紀伊半島下の深部低周波微動の震源決定

    寒河江 皓大・中原 恒・西村 太志・今西 和俊

    日本地球惑星科学連合2019年大会 2019/05

  25. 一般化パレート分布に基づく強震動加速度記録の解析

    中原 恒

    日本地球惑星科学連合2019年大会 2019/05

  26. データ同化に基づく地中地震記録を用いた地表地震動の予測

    石原正也, 中原恒

    日本地震学会2018年秋季大会 2018/10/09

  27. 地中と地表における地震記録のデコンボリューションの微分波形

    柴田剛, 中原恒

    日本地震学会2018年秋季大会 2018/10/09

  28. MUSIC 法を用いた紀伊半島周辺の深部低周波微動のアレイ解析

    寒河江皓大, 中原恒, 西村太志, 今西和俊

    日本地震学会2018年秋季大会 2018/10/09

  29. 地震波速度変化の統計的特徴(2)

    中原 恒

    日本地震学会2018年秋季大会 2018/10/09

  30. レイリー波コーダのデコリレーションを用いた浅い実体力源間の距離の推定

    中原 恒, 高野 智也, 高木 涼太, 江本 賢太郎

    日本地球惑星科学連合2018年大会 2018/05/24

  31. Estimation of scattering and intrinsic absorption parameters using envelopes of ambient seismic noise cross-correlation functions

    廣瀬 郁, 中原 恒, 西村 太志

    日本地球惑星科学連合2018年大会 2018/05/20

  32. KiK-net記録のデコンボリューション解析による地盤のS波速度・減衰構造の推定

    柴田剛, 中原恒

    日本地球惑星科学連合2018年大会 2018/05/20

  33. 地震波速度変化の統計的特徴

    中原 恒

    日本地震学会2017年秋季大会 2017/10/26

  34. Approximate vector sensitivity kernels of coda waves to seismic velocity changes based on the scalar single isotropic scattering model International-presentation

    H. Nakahra, K. Emoto

    IASPEI General Assembly 2017/07/30

  35. コーダ波のデコリレーションの近似ベクトル感度カーネル:2次元1次散乱の場合

    中原恒, 江本賢太郎

    日本地球惑星科学連合2017年大会 2017/05/20

  36. 地震波速度変化に対するコーダ波のベクトル感度カーネルの定式化:3次元1次等方散乱の場合

    中原 恒, 江本賢太郎

    日本地震学会2016年秋季大会 2016/10/05

  37. 地震波速度変化に対するコーダ波の感度カーネルの定式化:ベクトル波への拡張(1)

    中原恒, 江本賢太郎

    日本地球惑星科学連合2016年大会 2016/05/22

  38. K-NETデータを利用した浅部地盤構造の時間変化の検出

    中原 恒

    日本地球惑星科学連合2016年大会 2016/05/22

  39. 地震波速度変化に対するコーダ波の感度カーネル:3次元スカラー波1次散乱モデルに基づく導出

    日本地震学会2015年秋季大会 2015/10/26

  40. Detecting seismic velocity changes at Sakurajima volcano, Japan, by seismic interferometry International-presentation

    T. Hirose, H. Nakahra, T. Nishimura

    IASPEI General Assembly 2015/06/23

  41. Point spread functions for earthquake source imaging: Connection with seismic interferometry International-presentation

    H. Nakahara, M. Haney

    IASPEI General Assembly 2015/06/23

  42. 内陸の大・中地震による短周期地震波エネルギー輻射の特徴

    日本地球惑星科学連合2015年大会 2015/05/24

  43. コーダ波干渉法と地震波干渉法の併用により検出した桜島の地震波速度構造の時間変化

    廣瀬郁, 中原恒, 西村太志

    日本地球惑星科学連合2015年大会 2015/05/24

  44. コーダ波の自己相関解析による浅部地盤構造の時間変化の検出 K-NETデータへの適用

    日本地震学会2012年秋期大会 2012/10

  45. 減衰性媒質におけるSPAC法の定式化

    日本地震学会2012年秋期大会 2012/10

  46. コーダ波の自己相関解析による浅部地下構造の時間変化の検出

    日本地球惑星科学連合2012年大会 2012/05

  47. 2011年東北地方太平洋沖地震(M9.0)の短周期エンベロープ・インバージョン解析

    日本地震学会2011年秋期大会 2011/10/12

  48. 小口径強震計アレイで観測された2011年東北地方太平洋沖地震(Mw9.0)の破壊伝播

    佐藤 春夫, 西村 太志, 藤原 広行

    日本地球惑星科学連合2011年大会 2011/05/22

  49. ボアホール地震波形記録を用いたS波コーダにおけるエネルギー等分配の検証

    Ludovic Margerin

    日本地球惑星科学連合2011年大会 2011/05/22

  50. 2次元等方散乱媒質における弾性波の輻射伝達

    吉本和生

    日本地震学会2010年秋季大会 2010/10/27

  51. A test of the equi-partition hypothesis for S-wave coda using borehole records of local earthquakes International-presentation

    2010 The Meeting of the Americas 2010/08

  52. 仲上m分布に基づく地震波エンベロープのゆらぎの測定

    日本地球惑星科学連合2010年大会 2010/05

  53. 最尤法に基づくコーダQと仲上のm値の推定法

    日本地震学会2009年秋季大会 2009/10

  54. エネルギー分配の観点からみたS波コーダの粒子軌跡(3)

    日本地球惑星科学連合2009年大会 2009/05

  55. Semblance for three-component data of small seismic arrays International-presentation

    IASPEI General Assembly 2009/01

  56. Three-component semblance analysis for small seismic arrays International-presentation

    ASC General Assembly 2008/11

  57. エネルギー分配の観点からみたS波コーダの粒子軌跡(2)

    日本地球惑星科学連合2008年大会 2008/05

  58. Estimation of spatio-temporal changes of seismic scattering property associated with the 2008 Iwate-Miyagi Nairiku earthquake from sparse modeling of seismic ambient noise CCFs

    廣瀬 郁・中原 恒・西村 太志・Michel Campillo

    日本地球惑星科学連合2019年大会

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Research Projects 22

  1. Seismic interferometry and energy partition Competitive

    System: The Other Research Programs

    2007/04 - Present

  2. Study on Generation and Propagation of High-Frequency Seismic Wave Energy Competitive

    1994/04 - Present

  3. DASによる歪地震動に関する理解の深化と浅部地下構造推定手法の開発

    System: 日本学術振興会 科学研究費助成事業 基盤研究(C)

    2023/04 - 2026/03

  4. 超高密度多点地震観測と高精度映像分析による爆発的噴火ダイナミクスの解明

    西村 太志, 中原 恒, 田口 貴美子, 中道 治久, 村田 健史, 長妻 努, 小園 誠史, 江本 賢太郎

    Offer Organization: 日本学術振興会

    System: 科学研究費助成事業

    Category: 基盤研究(B)

    Institution: 東北大学

    2022/04/01 - 2025/03/31

  5. 光ファイバ通信ケーブルが拓く新しい活断層調査と構造のリアルタイムモニタリング

    宮澤 理稔, 中原 恒, 辻 健

    Offer Organization: 日本学術振興会

    System: 科学研究費助成事業

    Category: 挑戦的研究(萌芽)

    Institution: 京都大学

    2021/07/09 - 2023/03/31

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    研究実施前の令和2年度末に、京都大学防災研究所と近地地方整備局京都国道事務所との間で、防災研究目的に京都国道事務所の管理する光ファイバーケーブルを、DAS技術により測定する事に関する覚書を締結した。この覚書に基づき、本年度は2021年8月23日から同9月24日までの33日間、光ファイバーケーブルの測定を行った。区間については、京都駅前の京都国道事務所から、北西方向の丹波IC辺りまでの主に国道9号沿いの約50kmである。約5m毎に約41m長のケーブルの伸縮を測定する条件で行ったが、これは50kmの光ケーブルに対して9788か所もの測定に対応する。時間サンプリングも500 Hzと高分解能で行った。このため測定記録は一日あたり0.9TBにも及んだ。観測期間中はほぼ欠測なく記録が得られた。また並行観測のため、国道9号沿いの老ノ坂スノーステーション付近に固有周期2 Hzの三成分短周期地震計を設置して、地表の振動を連続観測した。 測定結果は精査中である。大型車の移動による振動、橋梁の振動、トンネルの振動などが明瞭に捉えられたほか、日中と夜間の交通ノイズレベルの差も見られた。最も遠い約50km先においてもレーザー光が充分届いており、振動が測定できていたことが確認された。ケーブルのジオメトリを明らかにするために、交差点や構造物などに起因する特徴的な信号を目印に、どのチャネルがどの箇所を測定しているのかを調査した。また期間中に観測されていた地震の波形を調べた。ケーブルが敷設されている丹波地域で発生した微小地震が数多くとらえられていたほか、約300km離れた能登半島で発生したM5.1の地震も観測されていた。

  6. 光ファイバーケーブルを用いた高密度観測による構造推定:活断層から微小亀裂まで

    江本 賢太郎, 中原 恒

    Offer Organization: 日本学術振興会

    System: 科学研究費助成事業

    Category: 基盤研究(C)

    Institution: 東北大学

    2020/04/01 - 2023/03/31

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    光ファイバーケーブルを用いたDAS(Distributed Acoustic Sensing)により,微細な不均質構造を明らかにするために解析を進めた.計測機材のスケジュールの都合により,DAS観測実施が年度末の3月後半になったため,本年度も引き続き,別予算で行なった既存のDAS記録を用いた解析と理論・数値シミュレーションを中心とした研究をおこなった.既存のDAS記録は国道4号沿いに国土交通省が敷設した光ファイバーケーブルを用いたものであり,全長50km,測定間隔5m,合計約10,000チャンネルという超高密度データである.交通ノイズの少ない深夜に発生した6個の地震時の記録を用いて,その振幅分布から地盤増幅特性を推定した.2-4Hzの帯域で推定した増幅率と,防災科学技術研究所が公開している250m分解能の増幅率の間には高い相関が見られた.DASでの推定は5m間隔という高密度で行え,細かい変動パターンが見られるが,これがケーブルと地面のカップリングの影響なのか,真に微細な地盤増幅率の空間分布を反映しているのかはさらなる精査が必要である. また,DAS観測で得られるのは歪速度という従来の地震計で得られる速度とは異なる次元の物理量である.そのため,微細不均質による影響の受け方も異なり,空間微分量である歪速度の方が,微細不均質に敏感であると考えられる.そのため,微細不均質による地震波伝播への影響を評価するマルコフ近似理論を,歪速度に対応したモデルへと拡張を行なった.これにより,DAS記録における微細不均質の寄与を定量的に明らかにすることが可能になるとともに,従来の手法を単純に拡張するだけでは歪速度に対応できないことを示した.

  7. 地殻構造のランダム不均質性による地震波の振幅の揺らぎに関する研究

    吉本 和生, 武村 俊介, 中原 恒

    Offer Organization: 日本学術振興会

    System: 科学研究費助成事業 基盤研究(C)

    Category: 基盤研究(C)

    Institution: 横浜市立大学

    2018/04/01 - 2021/03/31

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    本研究では、地殻構造の短波長ランダム不均質性に起因する地震波の振幅の揺らぎ(ばらつき)の特徴を、観測データの解析、数理散乱モデルの構築、数値シミュレーションに基づいて探究する。また、その研究成果を踏まえ、強震動予測における最大地動振幅評価の不確定性を見積もる。具体的には、高感度地震観測網(Hi-net)により浅発地震の波形記録が大量に集積されている西南日本を研究対象地域とし、観測記録の解析から地震波の振幅のばらつきの特徴を明らかにする、地殻構造の短波長ランダム不均質性の特徴を推定する、地震波の振幅のばらつきを評価する数理散乱モデルを構築する、3次元地震動シミュレーションに基づいて観測結果の再現を試みるとともに震源近傍の地震波の振幅のばらつきを推定する、最大地動振幅の予測に使用されている距離減衰式の不確定性を評価することなどを目指す。 当該年度は、中国地方の地殻内を伝播する高周波数(1 Hz以上)のP波およびS波の振幅のばらつきの周波数・震源距離依存性について検討するために、ダブルカップル型点震源を用いた地震動シミュレーションに基づいて、P波とS波の振幅のばらつきの周波数・距離依存性の方位角による変化を定量的に評価した。地震動シミュレーションには海洋研究開発機構の地球シミュレータを使用した。高周波数の地震波の振幅のばらつきの大きさは、強震動予測における予測精度と密接に関係することから、近年になって周波数・距離依存性についての定量的な評価が必要とされている。

  8. コーダ波干渉法の高度化に関する基礎研究

    中原 恒, 江本 賢太郎

    Offer Organization: 日本学術振興会

    System: 科学研究費助成事業 基盤研究(C)

    Category: 基盤研究(C)

    Institution: 東北大学

    2016/04/01 - 2020/03/31

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    地震波干渉法により求められた平常時の地震波速度変化が従う統計的分布を調べた.日本全国のHi-net観測点を用いて得られたデータを解析したところ,すべてのデータにガウス分布がよくあてはまることが分かった.そのため,昨年度切断レイリー分布となることが分かった桜島が特殊であることが分かった.ノイズに埋もれた小規模な火山性地震や微動などが影響している可能性がある. コーダ波干渉法で地震波速度変化や散乱特性の変化の時空間変化を求める際に用いる感度カーネルの計算には,媒質の散乱係数と内部減衰係数が必要である.従来は周辺で発生した自然地震や人工地震のデータを用いて,これらのパラメタを推定していた.我々は,地震波干渉法に基づく雑微動の相互相関のデータを使用して,地震のデータを用いなくてもよい手法を新たに開発した.相互相関の計算の際にTemporal flatteningという規格化を用いることが重要であることが分かった.この成果は,Hirose et al. (2019)にまとめられた. コーダ波干渉法に基づき,コーダ波のデコリレーションを用いて,2つの震源間の距離を推定する手法のモデル化に,自由表面の影響を取り入れることに成功した.具体的には,3次元半無限均質媒質を考え,特に浅い実体力源に対するレイリー波を考慮した.その結果,レイリー波のコーダのデコリレーションから実体力源間の水平方向の距離を推定できることが明らかになった.火山の爆発地震や核実験等に利用できる可能性がある. 地球シミュレータを用いて,3次元の巨大なランダム不均質媒質に対して波動伝播の有限差分法シミュレーションを行い,コーダ部分まで精度のよい波動場を計算した.これを基準として,エンベロープ計算手法の検証を行い,理論モデルの妥当性を示した. この成果は,Emoto and Sato (2018)にまとめられた.

  9. A study on the generation of long-period ground motions in large-scale sedimentary basins

    YOSHIMOTO Kazuo

    Offer Organization: Japan Society for the Promotion of Science

    System: Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)

    Category: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)

    Institution: Yokohama City University

    2015/10/21 - 2018/03/31

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    By analyzing the long-period ground motions (LPGs) during moderate to large earthquakes recorded in the Kanto sedimentary basin, we found that the amplitude and dominant period of the Fourier velocity spectrum of LPGs is large and long for the horizontal motions compared with the vertical motions, indicating that the Love wave is dominant in the LPGs. We also found that the dominant period of LPGs becomes longer in the middle part of the Boso peninsula. Our 3D numerical simulation of LPGs using a seismic velocity structure model called the Smoothed Basin Velocity Structure Model (SBVSM) demonstrated that this model has a potential to explain observed amplitude and envelope of LPGs in the Kanto sedimentary basin, except for the Tokyo bay area including the middle part of the Boso peninsula.

  10. Study on the rupture process of an earthquake fault based on the observation of strong ground motion near a fault Competitive

    1998/04 - 2017/03

  11. Improving the detection of seismic velocity changes by seismic interferometry and physical interpretations on the changes

    NAKAHARA Hisashi

    Offer Organization: Japan Society for the Promotion of Science

    System: Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)

    Category: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)

    Institution: Tohoku University

    2012/04/01 - 2015/03/31

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    We have applied a method to use cross correlations of noise records at two stations, auto correlations at single station, cross-correlations between different components at single station for stably detecting seismic velocity changes in Japan by seismic interferometry. Seismic velocity changes detected have been decomposed into coseismic changes and the following post-seismic exponential decays associated with the 2008 Iwate-Miyagi Nairiku earthquake and the 2011 off the Pacific Coast of Tohoku earthquake (Tohoku-Oki ) earthquake, and seasonal variations. Coseismic and post-seismic changes are attributed to damages and their recovery at shallow depths due to strong-ground motion. Seasonal variations may have some relation to changes in the ground-water level.

  12. A study on stress sensitivity of seismic velocity at shallow media using the earth tide and seismic wave interferometry

    NISHIMURA Takeshi, TANAKA Sachiko, OHTA Yusaku, NAKAHARA Hisashi

    Offer Organization: Japan Society for the Promotion of Science

    System: Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research Grant-in-Aid for Challenging Exploratory Research

    Category: Grant-in-Aid for Challenging Exploratory Research

    Institution: Tohoku University

    2012/04/01 - 2014/03/31

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    We used the tidal effect acting on the solid earth by the moon to examine the strain sensitivity of seismic velocity at shallow structure. We retrieved seismic waves propagating between two sites by cross-correlating the ambient noises for the dilatational and contractional episodes of the earth tide, respectively. Travel time differences of the seismic waves for the two episodes are measured for the ambient noises recorded at a small seismic array deployed on the foot of Mt. Iwate and Hi-net data. The results show that the seismic velocity at the dilatational episode is slightly lower than that at the contractional one. The strain sensitivity is estimated to be about 2-7x10^4 /strain.

  13. Development of a compact low-power-consumption strong motion observation system and investigation of the deep ground structures by using seismic interferometry

    YOSHIMOTO Kazuo, NAKAHARA Hisashi, SATO Hiroshi

    Offer Organization: Japan Society for the Promotion of Science

    System: Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)

    Category: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)

    Institution: Yokohama City University

    2011 - 2013

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    Our results of this study are summarized as follows: (1) We developed a compact low-power-consumption strong motion observation system, (2) We conducted temporal seismic observations at 11 sites in the northeastern Kanto Basin, (3) We detected temporal seismic velocity changes at shallow depths by seismic interferometry of coda waves from local earthquakes (4) We investigated the deep ground structure of the Kanto Basin by using a seismic interferometry of local earthquake waveforms. Using a velocity structure model proposed in this study, we successfully explained the observed characteristics of the Love wave excitation at the northern edge of the Kanto Basin.

  14. Comprehensive studies for the 2011 off the Pacific coast of Tohoku earthquake

    SHINOHARA Masanao, FUJIMOTO Hiromi, KANEDA Yoshiyuki, KODAIRA Syuichi, HIRATA Kenji, MURAI Yoshio, UEHIRA Kenji, YAKIWARA Hiroshi, SATAKE Kenji, TANIOKA Yuichiro, IMAMURA Fumihiko, TAKAHASHI Tomoyuki, KOKETSU Kazuki, HORI Muneo, YASUDA Susumu, MOTOSAKA Masato, KONAGAI Kazuo, SATO Shinji, KAZAMA Motoki, SAKAI Yuki, HINO Ryota, SATO Toshinori, SHIOBARA Hajime, ISHIYAMA Tatsuya, OKAMURA Makoto, TSUJI Yoshinobu, NAKAHARA Hisashi, HONDA Ryo, ASANO Kimiyuki, TAKAHASHI Yoshikazu, GOTO Hiroyuki, MORIKAWA Hitoshi

    Offer Organization: Japan Society for the Promotion of Science

    System: Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research

    Institution: The University of Tokyo

    2011 - 2011

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    The ocean bottom seismometers deployed above the source region of the 2011 off the Pacific coast of Tohoku earthquake were recovered and precise aftershock distribution was obtained. The seafloor observations were continued to clear variation of the aftershock activity. The crustal movement after the mainshock was estimated by using seafloor geodetic observations. Seismic reflection surveys revealed seismic structures above the source region. Field surveys for tsunami were carried and slip distribution on the source fault was obtained. Damage of constructions was clarified by filed surveys and widespread survey was also carried out from a view of disaster prevention of urban areas.

  15. A study on dynamic rupture process of an asperity and radiation of short-period seismic waves

    KATO Naoyuki

    Offer Organization: Japan Society for the Promotion of Science

    System: Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)

    Category: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)

    Institution: The University of Tokyo

    2008 - 2010

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    We investigate effects of stress concentration at the rim of an asperity due to surrounding aseismic sliding through numerical simulations. The stress concentration due to aseismic sliding promotes earlier occurrence of seismic rupture. This results in lower average stress drop of earthquake. This effect of stress concentration at the rim of asperity may explain the difference in average stress drop between intraplate and interplate earthquakes. The stress concentration at the edge of an asperity affects rupture process of asperity, and the average stress drop of asperity rupture increases with fracture energy or critical slip-weakening distance. A numerical simulation is conducted for dynamic rupture process of a circular asperity, where stress concentration is generated at the rim of the asperity. Seismic rupture starts from a point of the stress concentrated rim and propagates bilaterally around the rim. A significant slip pulse is generated at the end of the rupture due to rupture front focusing. We compile spatial distributions of short-period seismic energy radiation on faults estimated from the envelope inversion method to obtain the scaling law, frequency dependence of seismic energy radiation, and locality.

  16. Deep ground structure imaging by the seismic interferometry of strong ground motion record

    YOSHIMOTO Kazuo, KINOSHITA Shigeo, NAKAHARA Hisashi, SATO Hiroshi

    Offer Organization: Japan Society for the Promotion of Science

    System: Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)

    Category: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)

    Institution: Yokohama City University

    2008 - 2010

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    The research to explore the deep ground structure by using the strong ground motion record was conducted. This research includes the geophysical topics such as the radiative transfer of elastic waves in two-dimensional isotropic scattering media, frequency-dependent attenuation of S-waves and short wavelength heterogeneity of the lithosphere, and the nonstationary ray decomposition in a homogeneous half space. In addition, our research demonstrated that the seismic interferometry of strong ground motion record is very effective to investigate the response function of deep ground structure, and imaged the deep ground structure of the Kanto plain successfully.

  17. Theoretical study on seismic interferometry and its application to shallow subsurface exploration

    NAKAHARA Hisashi

    Offer Organization: Japan Society for the Promotion of Science

    System: Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research Grant-in-Aid for Young Scientists (B)

    Category: Grant-in-Aid for Young Scientists (B)

    Institution: Tohoku University

    2008 - 2010

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    Multiple scattering waves have been often considered to be "noise" in seismology, and have been filtered out in the analysis of seismograms. However, benefit of multiple scattering waves for clarifying small-scale heterogeneities in the Earth is reappraised after the recent advent of seismic interferometry. In this study, we have been able to understand seismic interferometry in deeper depth. Based on our new findings, we have developed a method for exploring shallow subsurface velocity structures, and applied the method to real data successfully. Through these studies, we have been able to improve the applicability and usefulness of seismic interferometry and multiple scattering waves.

  18. OBSERVATIONAL RESEARCH ON CRUSTAL STRUCTURE AROUND M6.1 EARTHQUAKE FAULT

    NISHIMURA Takeshi, NAKAHARA Hisashi, TANAKA Satoru, SATO Haruo, NAKAMURA Ayako, YAMAMOTO Hidekazu

    Offer Organization: Japan Society for the Promotion of Science

    System: Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)

    Category: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)

    Institution: Tohoku University

    2001 - 2003

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    We investigate temporal changes of crustal structure around the 1998 M6.1 earthquake occurred south west of Volcano Iwate by analyzing seismic signals excited by artificial seismic experiments from 1998 to 2003 and by analyzing seismic waves of earthquake families occurring on the Pacific plate boundary. The seismic signals excited by the active shots were recorded by short period and broad band seismometers installed at permanent stations (GNB, ANS, AKM) of Tohoku University and a temporal station (MTI). We estimate phase difference of nearby two seismograms for the six shots by using a cross spectrum method. Then, we evaluate the seismic velocity changes of the structure during the two shots. The results show that the seismic velocity decreases about 1.5% at MTI and GNB stations, which are located at the northern edges of the fault, for shot 1 and shot 2, during which the M6.1 earthquake occurred. Then, the seismic velocity increases of about 0-0.5% is observed for the data from 1998 (after the M6.1 eq.) to 2002. From 2002 to 2003, about 0.3% velocity increase is observed again. Cross-correlation analyses of the earthquake families also show a significant temporal change of heterogeneity around the M6.1 earthquake and Volcano Iwate. We infer that these changes in shallow that are observed from 1998 to 2002 are related to stress release and accumulation of the M6.1 earthquakes and/or structure changes due to the intense volcanic activity of Mt Iwate at this period. We further determined a three-dimensional P-wave velocity structure around the M6.1 earthquake and the spatial distribution of slip and high-frequency wave radiation zone for the M6.1 earthquakes.

  19. Study on scattering of seismic waves in the heterogeneous structure of the earth and their envelope formation

    SATO Haruo, NAKAHARA Hisashi, YOSHIMOTO Kazuo

    Offer Organization: Japan Society for the Promotion of Science

    System: Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)

    Category: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)

    Institution: Tohoku University

    2000 - 2001

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    The lithosphere, a region of the Earth from the ground surface to a depth of about 100 km, is heterogeneous as an elastic medium. In this study, we develop a method, to synthesize envelopes in randomly inhomogeneous media based on the wave equation and the radiative transfer theory. Then, we analyze seismogram envelopes of micro earthquakes observed in relation with the spectra of yelocity fluctuations of the earth medium. We also pay attention to envelppes of long period surface waves. In the following, we summarize the results of this research : 1. We formulated the simulation method for spherically outgoing scalar waves in 3-D random media by using the Markov approximation. This method is justified from the comparison with wave envelopes simulated by using the finite difference method. The power spectra of velocity inhomogeneity were revealed from the envelope analysis of S-wave seismograms of micro earthquakes in Tohoku, Japan. 2. We successfully explained the envelope of vertical-component seismograms at periods of 100-200s by using the single scattering model of Rayleigh wave's energy on the spherical earth. Furthermore, we have succeeded in formulating the multiple scattering process of surface waves based on the radiative transfer theory. 3. We found a change in wave propagation velocity and scattering characteristics before and after the 1998 Mt. Iwate earthquake from the cross-spectra analysis of artificial explosion data. We quantitatively measured attenuation of P and S waves in the crust of southeastern Korea based on the extended coda normalization method. From the laboratory experiment, we found that envelopes of ultrasonic waves strongly depend on the heterogeneity spectra of rock samples. 4. The head investigator wrote two review of seismic wave scattering, a review of coda, and a review of envelope formation.

  20. 断層近傍における強震観測に基づく地震断層破壊過程の研究

    中原 恒

    Offer Organization: 日本学術振興会

    System: 科学研究費助成事業 奨励研究(A)

    Category: 奨励研究(A)

    Institution: 東北大学

    1999 - 2000

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    本研究では、防災科学技術研究所のK-NET等の合計7観測点における強震動記録を用いて,1998年9月3日岩手県内陸北部の地震(M6.1)のエンベロープインバージョン解析を行い、断層面上の高周波(2-16Hz)地震波エネルギー輻射量分布を推定した。その際、破壊開始点の深さは3kmとし、震源メカニズム解,余震分布,GPS等の地殻変動データを参考に10km×10kmの断層面を設定した。断層面は北西側に向かって41°傾斜している。この断層面を2km四方の25個の小断層に分割した.各小断層には,同一の震源メカニズム解をもつ点震源を配置し,そのエネルギー輻射量を推定した。エンベロープグリーン関数はエネルギー輸送理論を用いて解析的に計算される.その際,この地域の小地震の解析により独自に求めた散乱・減衰パラメタを使用している.インバージョン解析の結果、破壊伝播速度はS波速度の0.7倍,各小断層のエネルギー輻射継続時間は1.24秒と推定された。また、断層面の深い部分から地震波エネルギーが強く輻射されたことが明らかになった。総エネルギー輻射量は2-16Hzにおいて7.0x10^<12>Jとなった。前年度に行った低周波(0.1-0.33Hz)波形インバージョンによる断層面上のすべり量分布と比較すると,モーメント解放量が大きい領域の深い端の部分から高周波地震波エネルギーが強く輻射されたことが明らかになった.このことから,この地震では破壊の停止に伴なって高周波が強く輻射されたものと考えられる.以上のように,本研究では,低周波の地震波と高周波の地震波エンベロープを用いたインバージョン解析を行い,より広帯域にわたって地震の断層破壊過程を明らかにすることができた.

  21. STUDY ON REMOTE TRIGGERING MECHANISMS OF MICRO-EARTHQUAKES AT GEOTHERMAL AREAS

    OHTAKE Masakazu, NAKAHARA Hisashi, NISHIMURA Takeshi, SATO Haruo

    Offer Organization: Japan Society for the Promotion of Science

    System: Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)

    Category: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)

    Institution: TOHOKU UNIVERSITY

    1997 - 1999

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    We studied the remote triggering mechanism of micro-earthquakes based on analyses of the seismic data obtained at geothermal areas. We started a high resolution seismic observation at the Kakkonda geothermal area, Iwate Prefecture, Japan, in May 1998 by using a bore-hole seismometer. However, the Kakkonda area were severely damaged by the M6.1 earthquake on September 3, 1998, and we could not continue the observation after the earthquake. In this study, therefore, we analyzed : (1) continuous records of a broad-band seismometer that was installed 5 km east of the Kakkonda area, and (2) past records of bore-hole seismometer at Kakkonda that were recorded in 1986-1990, July 1993 and December 1994, (3) remote triggering phenomena reported in the world. We further calculated theoretical dynamic strain, static strain and maximum acceleration associated with a large earthquake. Based on these observations and theoretical studies, we obtained the following results : 1. From the observed relations between seismic magnitude and epicentral distance of the earthquakes that remotely triggered micro-earthquakes, we find that dynamic strain associated with a large earthquake plays a main role to trigger micro-earthquakes, and that dynamic strain of more than 10ィイD1-7ィエD1 is necessary to remotely trigger micro-earthquakes. 2. The earthquake swarms are remotely triggered 0.1-1 hour after the maximum dynamic strain due to a large earthquake. 3. Remote triggering phenomena are often observed at geothermal and volcanic areas. This suggests that an increase of pore pressure of magnetic fluid and hot water in the crust may play an important role in the remote triggering mechanism.

  22. エネルギー輸送理論に基づく高周波数地震波形エンベロープの研究

    佐藤 春夫, 中原 恒, 吉本 和生

    Offer Organization: 日本学術振興会

    System: 科学研究費助成事業 基盤研究(C)

    Category: 基盤研究(C)

    Institution: 東北大学

    1997 - 1998

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    地殼から上部マントルにかけての領域はかなりランダムに不均質であり,その中での波動伝播はかなり複雑である.ランダムな不均質構造の現れとして最も顕著なのが,近地地震の記録に見られるコーダ波の存在である.小さな地震はとても短い震源継続時間しか持たないにもかかわらず,かなり大きな振幅のSコーダ波がかなり長い時間継続して現れる.特に高周波数の地震波形の主要部分は非干渉性の波の重ね合わせから成るとの考えから,2乗振幅の重ね合わせに基づくエネルギー輸送理論的なアプローチが有効である.それ故,地震波形のエンベロープの性質を調べることによって,リソスフェアの不均質構造に関する知見を得ることができるものと考えられる.しかし,これまでのエネルギー輸送理論は数学的に簡単な球対称輻射・等方散乱の場合のみに限られており,実際の波形エンベロープ解析に用いるには,さらに現実的な物理過程や構造を取り込んだ定式化が必要とされている. 平成10年度は,このような現実的な速度構造を取り入れたエネルギー輸送理論の定式化に取り組んだ.この理論に基づき,兵庫県南部地震(1995)について,長周期成分の解析による断層モデルを取り入れながら,特に高周波成分のエネルギー輻射量を未知としたインバージョン解析をおこなった.長波長成分の解折から推定される断層運動と短波長成分から推定される高周波エネルギー輻射とを統合し,この地震の震源破壊過程を詳細に記述することを可能にした. 岩手県三陸町および遠野市において,小スパンのアレイ観測を開始した.この地域周辺での小地震の高周波数地震波形記録の収集につとめると共に,そのデータの相関解析から地下の不均質構造のスペクトル構造の推定を行う.

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  1. Theory and applications of earthquake source imaging

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    近年の地震観測データの充実によって,地震の震源過程のイメージングの研究が盛んになってきた.本研究では,震源過程のイメージングの理論的背景を明らかにするとともに,そのような知見に基づき効果的な新解析手法を提案すべく研究をすすめている.

  2. Monitoring spatio-temporal variation in the Earth's crust using seismic coda and ambient noise

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    2つの観測点における多重散乱波(コーダ波)や常時微動の相互相関解析により,その観測点間の伝達関数(グリーン関数)が求められる。また,ある観測点の記録を自己相関解析することにより,その観測点下の地下構造の応答関数を得ることが出来る。このような解析方法を地震波干渉法といい,これにより観測点下の地下構造の推定やその時間変化の検出が可能になる。本研究では,実際の観測データに地震波干渉法を広く適用する.

  3. ランダム波動の相関に関する理論的研究とその地震波探査への適用

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    ランダム波動の相関を用いる地震波干渉法の理論的背景を明らかにするとともに,その知見に基づき,新しい地震波探査手法を開発することをめざす.