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Nozomu Kawabata

Section

Graduate School of Economics and Management

Job title

Professor

Degree

博士（経済学）（東北大学）
経済学修士（東北大学）

researchmap

https://researchmap.jp/read0020587

J-GLOBAL ID

200901091650543088

Research History 7

2024/04 - Present

Tohoku University　Graduate School of Economics and Management　Dean
2007/04 - Present

Graduate School of Economics and Management, Tohoku University　Professor
1999/04 - 2007/03

Graduate School of Economics and Management, Tohoku University　Associate Professor
1998/01 - 1999/03

Faculty of Ecnomics, Tohoku University　Associate Professor
1995/04 - 1997/12

Associate Professor, Institute for Economic Research, Osaka City University
1993/04 - 1995/03

Assistant Professor, Institute for Economic Research, Osaka City University
1992/04 - 1993/03

Research Associate, Institute for Economic Research, Osaka City University

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Education 3

Tohoku University　Graduate School of Economics and Management

1989/04 - 1992/03
Tohoku University　Graduate School of Economics and Management

1987/04 - 1989/03
Tohoku University　Faculty of Economics　Department of Economics

1983/04 - 1987/03

Committee Memberships 15

産業学会　理事

2023/06 - Present
アジア経営学会　理事，学会賞・研究奨励賞審査委員長

2021/09 - 2024/09
The Society for Industrial Studies, Japan　Director and Editorial Board Chair

2018/06 - 2023/06
Japan Society of the Promotion of Science　No. 54 Committee for Ironmaking

2017 - 2023/03
文部科学省　大学設置・学校法人審議会大学設置分科会経済学専門委員会委員

2013/04 - 2016/03
アジア経営学会　常任理事

2012/09 - 2015/09
経済産業省　平成25年度アジア産業基盤強化等事業「アジア地域における鉄鋼産業基盤戦略調査」に係る検討委員会委員長

2013 - 2014
財団法人企業活力研究所（委託先：株式会社三菱総合研究所）「電炉製鉄産業の高度化に関する調査研究委員会」　委員長

2010/09 - 2011/07
日本学術振興会特別研究員等審査会　専門委員

2009/08 - 2011/07
経済産業省平成21年度東アジア省エネルギー推進研究事業「東アジアの鉄鋼業における省エネルギー・環境基礎調査」に係る検討委員会　委員長

2009/11 - 2010/03
日本貿易振興機構アジア経済研究所「アジアにおける鉄鋼産業の発展と変容」研究会　研究会委員

2006/04 - 2008/03
国際協力機構　平成15年度ベトナム国別支援委員会（産業研究委員会）委員

2003/07 - 2004/03
国際協力事業団　平成14年度ヴィエトナム国個別産業研究委員

2002/05 - 2003/03
国際協力事業団　平成13年度ヴィエトナム国個別産業研究委員

2001/06 - 2002/03
国際協力事業団　ヴィエトナム国市場経済化支援計画策定調査フェーズ3に係る研究会委員

2000/07 - 2001/03

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Professional Memberships 9

産業学会
Japan Scholarly Association for Asian Management
The TOHOKU Academic Association for Economics
Japanese Association for Chinese Economy and Management Studies
The Iron and Steel Institute of Japan
日本経営学会
政治経済学・経済史学会
アジア政経学会
経営史学会

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Research Interests 6

credit theory
money theory
theory of firm
iron and steel industry
industrial development
industry study

Research Areas 3

Humanities & social sciences / Local studies /
Humanities & social sciences / Business administration / Business Administration
Humanities & social sciences / Economic policy /

Papers 60

Competition Regarding Technologies and Production Systems in the Steel Industry of Developing Countries: Insights from Kyoei Steel's Business Activities in Vietnam Peer-reviewed

Nozomu Kawabata

Annals of the Society for Industrial Studies, Japan　40　37-55　2025/03
Publisher: The Society for Industrial Studies, Japan

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This paper aims to identify the factors shaping competition in technologies and production systems within the steel industry of developing countries, focusing on the case of Kyoei Steel's operations in Vietnam from 2001 to 2022. Kyoei Steel, a Japanese electric arc furnace (EAF) steelmaker, expanded into Vietnam and established modern EAF and rolling systems. The company has increased its production and sales in response to the growth of the Vietnamese market while contributing to employment generation and income improvement. Despite these contributions, Kyoei Steel has yet to achieve significant gains in market share or profit margins. The primary challenge lies in the intense competition related to selecting and improving technologies and production systems. In the history of the steel industry of developed countries, EAF systems challenged large blast furnace (BF)-based integrated systems, acting as tools for disruptive innovation by expanding product ranges and reshaping the industry. However, in Vietnam, EAF systems have been in a defensive position within the construction steel market, facing competition from small BF-based integrated systems and induction furnace systems, both of which have lower equipment costs. In Vietnam, where wage levels are low, the advantage of lower capital investment costs outweighed the disadvantage of higher total wage costs due to the need for more workers. This case underscores that technologies and production systems from developed countries do not necessarily maintain a competitive advantage everywhere. For these systems to thrive, they must be tailored to the specific factor endowments and market conditions of the societies where they are implemented.
The Financial Sytem as a Mechanism for Money Supply: An Analysis through the Lens of Credit Money Theory

Nozomu Kawabata

The Keizai Gaku, Annual Report of the Graduate School of Economics and Management Tohoku University　81　23-52　2025/03
Publisher: Graduate School of Economics and Management, Tohoku University
DOI： 10.50974/0002003359 　

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This study applies the theory of credit money as extensively as possible to demonstrate how the financial system under capitalism—particularly under a managed currency regime—functions as a mechanism for money supply. Because the banking system is the main source of currency within the financial system, it becomes the focus of this study. Under specie circulation and convertibility, currency supply also involves the new supply of specie, but it is predominantly through credit creation by banks and the central bank. In a managed currency regime, credit creation is the sole supply method. Banks supply deposit money by lending their debt obligations. However, there are two limitations to the circulation of deposit money: (1) the lack of interchangeability among banks' deposit money and (2) the inevitable withdrawal of some deposits because of the demand for cash. Central bank deposits create a social payment and settlement system that links various banks. It also provides reserves that guarantee the supply of central bank notes as cash. With the central bank's support, deposit money and central bank notes collectively form the money stock and intermediate commodity circulation. Central bank deposits and notes, which underpin the banking system's operations, constitute the monetary base. Thus, the financial system functions as a money supply system through a dual system of banks and the central bank. Moreover, the money supply system saves physical commodity money (specie), effectively removing it from circulation. The financial system supplies deposit money according to commodity circulation needs. If the circulation of commodities expands, bank lending increases relative to repayments. Conversely, if the circulation of commodities contracts, repayments increase relative to lending. Central bank notes are merely transformed deposit money. Therefore, the financial system's money supply is endogenous according to Marx's "Law of money circulation." The price increases caused by this endogenous money supply are temporary or real increases, not nominal increases indicative of monetary inflation. Applying the theory of credit money allows for a deep understanding of the financial system; however, this application encounters a limitation. Under a managed currency regime, the central bank are not required to hold a payment reserves; instead, it must interact with the fiscal system to stabilize the currency value. Therefore, in order to elucidate the entire money supply system, we have to move on to the relationship between the monetary system and the fiscal system, as well as between the central bank and the central government.
The contribution of a Japanese medium-sized electric arc furnace (EAF) company to the early development of the Vietnamese steel industry: Case study of the formation process of the Vina Kyoei Steel Company Limited (VKS) Peer-reviewed

Kawabata, Nozomu

Journal of Asian Management Studies　30　(1)　77-92　2024/08
Publisher: Japan Scholarly Association for Asian Management
DOI： 10.20784/jamsjsaam.30.1_77 　

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This study aims to elucidate the formation process of the Vina Kyoei Steel Company Limited (VKS) in the 1990s. Through this case study, the author identifies the contribution of a Japanese medium-sized electric arc furnace （EAF） company to the early development of the Vietnamese steel industry. In the context of Vietnam's steel industry development, VKS emerged as the most successful case in the early stage of the market economy and opening to the outside world. It triggered latecomer advantages and influence effects, albeit in the narrowly focused field of long steel rolling. However, as Vietnam's market economy continued to develop and open up, its steel industry entered a new phase, necessitating changes in managerial conditions of VKS. The success and limitations of VKS were intricately related to the nature of its parent company, Kyoei Steel, as a medium-sized electric arc furnace company. VKS’s success was supported by the amalgamation of the owning family’s leadership acumen, organizational competencies, and the firm’s superior technological and capital mobilization capabilities for construction of a rolling factory. However, VKS's success was constrained by the limited inimitability of its technological edge and the limited financial capacity of its parent company. Future research should investigate how Kyoei Steel and VKS have responded to Vietnam's evolving competitive environment since the 2000s.
Evaluating the technology path of Japanese steelmakers in green steel competition International-journal Peer-reviewed

Nozomu Kawabata

The Japanese Political Economy　49　(2-3)　231-252　2023/11/07
Publisher: Taylor & Francis Group, Informa UK Limited
DOI： 10.1080/2329194x.2023.2258162 　

ISSN： 2329-194X

eISSN： 2329-1958

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This study examines the technological pathway adopted by Japanese steelmakers competing for environmentally friendly or green steel production. The pathway is identified by analyzing documents from the International Energy Agency (IEA), the Japanese government, public institutes, business federations, and steelmakers. The findings suggest that Japanese integrated steelmakers using blast furnace and basic oxygen furnace (BF-BOF) technologies have lagged in technological development and capital investment for green steel. Motivated to maintain the value of fixed capital and reputation as high-grade steel producers, they have persistently adhered to high CO2-emitting BF-BOF technology. Consequently, these firms have slowly transitioned to the lower CO2-emitting electric arc furnace (EAF) method and have been sluggish in developing the direct hydrogen reduction process that promises zero-emission production. However, the Paris Agreement and the Japanese government’s carbon neutrality declaration have pressured these companies to reassess this stance. This case illustrates that theories on the political economy of the environment and the conservative approach of large corporations toward new technologies continue to hold relevance in the era of emerging green technologies.
The business of Chinese internet novel: from the view of platform and user-generated content Peer-reviewed

Leimengyi Tang, Nozomu Kawabata

THE KEIZAI GAKU, Annual Report of the Graduate School of Economics and Management, Tohoku University　79　(1)　1-16　2023/03
Publisher: Graduate School of Economics and Management, Tohoku University
DOI： 10.50974/00137113 　

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In recent years, with the development of Web technologies, the role of platforms in online services has been growing, while User Generated Content (UGC) has been growing remarkably. Platforms and UGC have been studied separately in the past. However, UGC platforms, which combine the characteristics of both, need to be studied independently. This paper takes Chinese online novels as a case study and tries to elucidate the unique characteristics of UGC platforms. The results of the analysis reveal the following. First, the UGC platforms need to secure killer content by increasing the number of creators and improving the quality for the network externality to work. Therefore, the platformer has to build a training system to develop the creators from amateurs to professionals. In addition to setting up financial incentives in the two-sided market of UGC, the platformer must also satisfy non-commercial needs such as expression, recognition, communication, and learning. In the UGC platform business, vertically integrated businesses that realize such transactions are likely to dominate.
The conditions for establishing a timing controller as a unit of activity: A case study of spiral steel pipes Peer-reviewed

Nozomu Kawabata

The Social Sciences　52　(3)　1-22　2022/11
Publisher: Institute for the Study of Humanities & Social Sciences, DOSHISHA University
DOI： 10.14988/00029339 　

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This paper aims to clarify the conditions for establishing a timing controller as a unit of activity through a case analysis of a spiral steel pipe. Through this analysis, we propose a perspective for understanding timing controllers from the three dimensions of function, unit, and company. While spiral steel pipe is a product for which timing control is essential, it is a case in which the particular unit of activity cannot be established. By analyzing this case, we intended to shed light on the conditions necessary for the timing control function to be carried out by a particular unit. As a result of the spiral steel pipe case analysis and comparison with cases of other steel products, it became clear that establishment of a timing controller as a unit of activity depends on the repeatability of orders and the production and distribution volume.
製造業：30年の構造変化と産業政策の課題

折橋伸哉, 川端望, 遠藤憲子, 佐藤千洋

東日本大震災からの産業再生と地域経済・社会の展望　102-121　2022/03
Publisher: 南北社
Policies to Reduce Excess Capacity in the Chinese Iron and Steel Industry: Industrial Policy as a Coordination Process Peer-reviewed

Nozomu Kawabata, Di Yin

Journal of Asian Management Studies　27　35-48　2021/08
Publisher: Japan Scholarly Association for Asian Management
DOI： 10.20784/jamsjsaam.27.0_35 　

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This study aims to explain the implementation and implications of excess capacity reduction policy in the Chinese iron and steel industry during the first half of the 13th Five Year Plan (FYP) and evaluate it from the perspective of economic coordination process. This policy successfully reduced the legal production capacity and eliminated informal production. However, hidden capacity continued to grow, escaping governmental oversight. Such capacity partially offsets the effects of reductions. Moreover, the selection mechanism to ensure the survival of efficient plants did not work well. The government considered the quantity target absolute despite of demand recovery. Selecting the equipment to be dismantled was reliant on administrative discretion and negotiations between the local government and enterprises. This study concluded that excess capacity reduction policies had achieved their quantitative targets. However, the policies had not adequately prepared the market and government to play appropriate roles in their respective fields.
Production Systems of Contemporary Chinese Iron and Steel Industry: Features and Rationale Peer-reviewed

Nozomu Kawabata, Di Yin

The Social Science　51　(1)　1-31　2021
Publisher: Institute for the Study of Humanities & Social Sciences, DOSHISHA University
DOI： 10.14988/00028349 　

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This study examines the features and rationale for various production systems in the contemporary Chinese iron and steel industry. In this industry, the technology and the production system were arranged according to the conditions of material supply and product demand. Specifically, pig iron was selected as a major steelmaking material, and the demand for a small lot of medium and low grade products was strong. Although the Chinese iron and steel industry had the largest production volume globally, large-scale integrated production systems had not established a dominant position in its production structure. Integrated production systems with medium and small sized blast furnaces had the largest share. Moreover, informal production with an induction furnace had a larger share than the electric arc furnace system.
Development of the Vietnamese Iron and Steel Industry Under International Economic Integration Peer-reviewed

Nozomu Kawabata

Management for Sustainable and Inclusive Development in a Transforming Asia　255-271　2021
Publisher: Springer Singapore
DOI： 10.1007/978-981-15-8195-3_15 　
Current Status and Challenges of the Japanese Iron and Steel Industry: Strategies of the Integrated Producers and Minimills Invited

Nozomu Kawabata

Funtai Gijutsu　12　(10)　15-19　2020/10
Publisher: The Association of Powder Process Industry and Engineering, JAPAN

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This paper identifies the challenges facing the Japanese steel industry as it faces a difficult phase of quantitative growth and the strategies being taken by steel makers based on blast furnace and basic oxygen furnace (BF-BOF steelmakers) and steel makers on electric arc furnace (EAF steelmakers) to address these challenges. The competitive strategy of BF-BOF steelmakers consists of three pillars: concentration on high-grade steel, implementation of large-scale facility adjustments, and a global strategy. Concentrating on high-grade steel means concentrating on high-value-added products like automobile steel sheets. Large-scale facility adjustment refers to the closure of steel mills and the downsizing of facilities in response to shrinking domestic demand. The global strategy consists of three patterns. The international fragmentation of production processes, in which base metal manufactured in Japan is rolled and processed overseas; inter-firm division of labor in which base metal is procured from a partner BF-BOF steelmaker and rolled and processed by a related company; and cross-border M&A, in which an overseas steelmaker acquires an overseas steelmaker to gain production scale and customers. EAF steelmakers tend to be more interested in stability and survival than growth because many are affiliated with BF-BOF steelmakers. Moreover, their small size makes it rational for them to operate in a community-based manner. However, competitive strategies to break out of the status quo are also being taken in four areas. These are product upgrading, which involves manufacturing more sophisticated products from general scrap; internationalization, which involves overseas production; industry restructuring, which involves alliances and acquisitions in response to the maturation of the domestic market; and recycling diversification, which involves entering the waste treatment business. The iron and steel industry is required to reduce CO2 emissions to prevent global warming. While the goal is to achieve zero-carbon steel through ultra-innovative technologies such as hydrogen reduction steelmaking and carbon dioxide capture, storage, and utilization technologies, for the time being, it is realistic to consider expanding the application of the EAF, which is an existing technology. In this case, the challenge is redesigning the high-grade steel manufacturing technology. The Japanese steel industry needs to reform its industrial organization and management to meet customer needs, use resources effectively, and increase profits while contributing to the prevention of global warming.
The Role of the Government in Reducing Excess Capacity in the Japanese Iron and Steel Industry Invited

Nozomu Kawabata

China Investment　2020　(7)　24-26　2020/04
The "Vague Institutions" of Chinese Economy and Japanese Economy: From the Research Perspectives for Japanese Industries and Companies Invited

Nozomu Kawabata

Journal of Chinese Economic and Management Studies　1　(1)　26-32　2017/03
Publisher: Japanese Association for Chinese Economy and Management Studies
DOI： 10.50865/jcems.1.1_26 　

ISSN： 2433-2585
Emergence of the Private Companies in the Vietnamese Iron and Steel Industry Peer-reviewed

Nozomu Kawabata

Journal of Asian Management Studies　22　79-92　2016/08
Publisher: Japan Scholarly Association for Asian Management
DOI： 10.20784/jamsjsaam.22.0_79 　

ISSN： 1341-2205

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This paper examines the growth of Hoa Phat Group and Hoa Sen Group, two private companies in Vietnam, and their achievement of leading status in the long and flat sectors of the local iron and steel industry. Both companies have benefitted from innovations in the production system and market-oriented management that exploited local market conditions and factor endowment. Compared to state owned enterprises and other private companies, HPG and HSG exhibited speedier and more valiant managerial behaviors. Moreover, they adopted technology and focused on market segments ignored by foreign companies. HPG’s organizational behavior is regarded as catch-down innovation while HSG demonstrated the initial stage of disruptive innovation. However, both companies have been forced to adapt their corporate strategies with the disappearance of favorable local conditions given global competitive pressures.
Development of the Next Generarion Automobiles by Innovations from Tohoku, Japan

Nozomu Kawabata

震災復興は東北をどう変えたか：震災前の構造的問題，震災から5年目の課題，これからの東北の新たな可能性　122-133　2016/03
The Vietnamese Iron and Steel Industry in Transition to a Market Economy: Attainments and Challenges Peer-reviewed

Nozomu Kawabata

Akamon Management Review　14　(9)　451-494　2015/09
Publisher: Global Business Research Center
DOI： 10.14955/amr.140901 　

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The aim of this paper is to examine the attainments and challenges of the iron and steel industry in Viet Nam. The demand for steel in Viet Nam is increasing, with focus on construction steel. While low-level industrialization is a restraining factor for the industry, the economic structure with high steel intensity is a promotional factor. Steel production is increasing in line with domestic demand. Private and foreign-affiliated enterprises are the main players in the expansion of steel production. Market selection based on survival of the fittest is working well. In general, the transition to a market-oriented economy is showing considerable results in Viet Nam. However, the industry still faces some challenges. While the low operating ratio due to overcapacity is a by-product of market-oriented reform rather than governmental intervention, the poor performance and governmental support of state-owned enterprises show insufficiency of reform.
Role of "Brain Circulation" in the Software and Information Services Industry in Dalian City Invited

Nozomu Kawabata

Annual Report of Dalian's Software and Information Technology Service Industry 2014　127-133　2014/11
Toward a Qualitative Development of the Agglomeration of Automotive Parts Industry

Nozomu Kawabata, Michinosuke Chiba

東北大学大学院経済学研究科地域産業復興調査研究プロジェクト編『東日本大震災復興研究Ⅲ 震災復興政策の検証と新産業創出への提言』　207-234　2014/03
Publisher:
The Procurement Structure of Automotive Parts in Tohoku Region: Progress, Constraints and future prospects of localization Peer-reviewed

Hiromi Takeshita, Nozomu Kawabata

Akamon Managemente Review　12　(10)　669-698　2013/10
Publisher:
DOI： 10.14955/amr.121001 　

ISSN： 1348-5504
Study on the Business Creation and Transformation of Four Software Companies in Dalian, China Peer-reviewed

Yan Zhang, Nozomu Kawabata

Annals of the Society for Industrial Studies, Japan　28　(28)　73-85　2013/03/31
Publisher: The Society for Industrial Studies, Japan
DOI： 10.11444/sisj.2013.73 　

ISSN： 0918-7162

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This paper aims to determine the nature of entrepreneur behavior, business creation, and transformation of software companies in Dalian City through case studies. Four companies that were launched in the 2000s were studied. These companies' businesses initially involved labor intensive processes of offshore software development for the Japanese market. However, they faced the challenge of business transformation after the world financial crisis. Their concrete agenda included foray into high-grade processes, diversification of products and services, and exploitation of the Chinese market. All four companies tried to transform themselves by creating a unique advantage. The development of such an advantage was a focal point for the software companies to transform their business structure that heavily relied on labor intensive offshore development. The acquisition of high-grade human resources was an important factor for gaining this advantage. In the field of offshore development for the Japanese market, cross-border cooperation between processes was necessary to move into high-grade processes. The "on-off site" hypothesis was valid, while having Bridge System Engineer (BSE) in the company was not a prerequisite. Differences were observed across the four case studies. In China, Japan-affiliated companies approached other Japan-affiliated companies, while Chinese companies approached other Chinese companies. Moreover, the disparity of resource availability for transformation was large between big companies and small- and medium-sized companies. As a result, a difference was observed in the strategy employed by the companies for transformation, especially in personnel management in the face of high liquidity in the labor market in China.
Questionnaire Survey of the Software and Information Services Industry in Dalian, China

Yuki Tamai, Nozomu Kawabata, Hongzhou Li, Yan Zhang

愛知淑徳大学論集ビジネス学部・ビジネス研究科篇　9　(9)　81-104　2013/03
Publisher:
ISSN： 1349-7626
A Comparative Analysis of Integrated Iron and Steel Companies in East Asia Peer-reviewed

Nozomu Kawabata

The Keizai Gaku, Annual Report of the Economic Society, Tohoku University　73　(1/2)　23-42　2012/10
Publisher: Economic Society, Tohoku University
DOI： 10.50974/0002003037 　

ISSN： 0387-3056

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This paper presents a comparative analysis of the production systems of the various integrated iron and steel companies in East Asia based on a generation model of production systems. Japanese companies are the leaders in the field of evolution of steel production systems. However, POSCO has established a generation 2.5 system; it is rapidly catching up to its Japanese rivals. Baosteel also has a generation 2.5 system with imported technology; it has also begun to develop its own R&D activity so that it will then have the capability to evolve. All of the Chinese integrated companies (other than Bao), and the Taiwanese company CSC are trying to improve their production systems from the second generation. CSC has adopted a unique approach to upgrading by alliances with non-automobile industries. The major finding of this research is that investment for construction and upgrading of production systems is a driving force that improves the competitiveness of integrated companies in East Asia. Additionally, we can draw some suggestions about the challenges that integrated companies in East Asia face from the perspective of international competition and system evolution.
The Formation of the Software and Information Services Industry in Dalian, China Peer-reviewed

Yan Zhang, Nozomu Kawabata

Journal of Asian Management Studies　18　(18)　35-46　2012/08
Publisher:
DOI： 10.20784/jamsjsaam.23.0_103 　

ISSN： 1341-2205
東日本大震災における情報・通信システムの被害とその教訓：分散型バックアップ・独立型電源・通信方法の複々線化

Nozomu Kawabata

東北大学大学院経済学研究科地域産業復興調査研究プロジェクト編『東日本大震災からの地域経済復興への提言』河北新報出版センター　178-200　2012/03/17
Publisher:
東日本大震災における自動車産業・鉄鋼業の被災と復旧

Nozomu Kawabata, Shinya Orihashi

東北大学大学院経済学研究科地域産業復興調査研究プロジェクト編『東日本大震災からの地域経済復興への提言』河北新報出版センター　2012/03/17
Competition for Building of Production System of High Grade Steel among the Integrated Steel Companies in East Asia Invited

Nozomu Kawabata

Bulletin of The Iron and Steel Institute of Japan　15　(3)　124-133　2010/03
Publisher:
ISSN： 1341-688X
The Thai Steel Industry: Domestic Hot Rolling Companies under the Hierarchical Division of Labor Invited

Nozomu Kawabata

The Steel Industry in Asia: Development and Restructuring　251-296　2008/10/15
Publisher:
Comparative Analysis of the Integrated Steel Companies in East Asia Peer-reviewed

Nozomu Kawabata

Journal of Asian Management Studies　(14)　61-74　2008/06
Publisher:
DOI： 10.20784/jamsjsaam.14.0_61 　

ISSN： 1341-2205
CDM project design for introducing coke dry quenching equipment in Shanxi province of China Peer-reviewed

Xinghe Zhang, Jesen Aslika, Nozomu Kawabata, Izumi Omura, Gyozo Kawahara, Reijiro Takahashi

TETSU TO HAGANE-JOURNAL OF THE IRON AND STEEL INSTITUTE OF JAPAN　94　(9)　B39-B45　2008

DOI： 10.2355/tetsutohagane.94.369 　

ISSN： 0021-1575
Production System and Investment Activity of the Iron and Steel Enterprises in East Asia Invited

Nozomu Kawabata

Materials Science and Technology　77　(11)　4-8　2007/11/01
Iron and Steel Industry in Viet Nam: A new phase and policy shift

Nozomu Kawabata

Development and Restructuring of the Iron and Steel Industry in Asian Countries　173-207　2007/03/16
High Grade Steel Strategy of Integrated Steel Producers in Japan: Steady and Conservative Invited

Nozomu Kawabata

Annals of the Society for Industrial Studies, Japan　(21)　35-47　2006/03/31
Publisher: The Society for Industrial Studies, Japan
DOI： 10.11444/sisj1986.2006.35 　

ISSN： 0918-7162

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In recent years, Japanese integrated steel producers are developing the strategy of concentrating their product mix on high grade steel. "High grade steel" is composed chiefly of high value-added steel products for manufacturing and energy/resource development industries. The features of this high grade steel strategy can be described as follows: Regarding product development, high value-added is not a goal in itself. Integrated producers are developing high-grade steel while cutting development and production costs. This is clear from the example of galvannealing sheets (GA) for the body panels of automobiles. Regarding production process, Japanese integrated producers are investing abroad in rolling and secondary fabricating processes, while keeping and renovating ironmaking and steelmaking processes within Japan's borders. This pattern of international division of labor makes it easy to maintain the current characteristics of the production system for high-grade steel, which can be referred to as "Through Process Management" and "Process Linkage". Regarding the prospect of demand-supply relations in the middle term, integrated producers in Japan do not aim at rapid expansion of market share of high-grade steel globally. They are not going to take the high risk posed by the construction of new blast furnaces or acquisition of other integrated producers. For all of these reasons, the high-grade steel strategy in Japan should be evaluated as steady and conservative, at least from the perspective of the middle term. Investment plans in the long term are not clear. The steady and conservative behavior of Japanese integrated steel producers is a result of their status as global front runners. It is an open question what will be the long-term consequence of such corporate behavior. Much depends on the investment policies of the integrated producers. One possible policy is to make only investments that make immediate profit. The other is to make not only investments that make immediate profit but also investments for long-term improvement of technological capability. Their selection of long-term policy should be watched.
The emergence of mass production system

Nozomu Kawabata

Business History Society(Japan) ed., Business history in the world　72-73　2005/02
Integrated Control and Process Linkage of the Japanese iron and steel industry

Nozomu Kawabata

Kiyoshi Sakamoto ed., Innovations of production systems of the Japanese companies　225-251　2005/01
The Dynamism of Inter-firm Relations in the Japanese Iron and Steel Industry

Nozomu Kawabata

Masu Uekusa, Michio Okawa and Azusa Tomiura, New development of basic material industries　234-272　2004/06
Faculty Members under the Management and Administraiton Systems of National University Corporation

Nozomu Kawabata

University Journal　27　(6)　65-76　2004/02
Steel Industry: Realistic Option of an Import Substitution Industry

Japan International Cooperation Agency, National Economics University

Viet Nam's Industrialization Strategy　201-249　2003/09
Competitive Strategy of the Japanese Integrated Steel Firms in Mature Stage Invited

Nozomu Kawabata

presented at the 27th International Conference of Business History (The Fuji Conference), Business History Society (Japan), Susono, Japan, 7 January, 2003.　2003/01/07
The Current Vietnamese Steel Industry and Its Challenges[Study on the Economic Development Policy in The Transition toward a Market-Oriented Economy in The Socialist Republic of Viet Nam (Phase 3) Final Report Vol.2 Trade and Industry]

Nozomu Kawabata

Japan International Cooperation Agency, Ministry of Planning and Investment of Vietnam, Study on the Economic Development Policy in The Transition toward a Market-Oriented Economy in The Socialist Republic of Viet Nam　2　139-193　2001/03
Publisher: Ministy of Plannning and Investment, Socialist Republic of Viet Nam, Japan International Cooperation Agency
The Current Vietnamese Steel Industry and Its Challenges

KAWABATA Nozomu

Workshop on Economic Development Policy　2000/12
Publisher: Ministry of Planning and Investment, Socialist Republic of Viet Nam, Japan International Cooperation Agency
Maturity, Catcbing-up,and Institutional Coordination : Global Competition the Steel Industry

Nozomu Kawabata

Keiko Morisawa and Hirofumi Ueda eds, Global Competition and Localization　131-160　2000/03
Present States and Measure for Environmental Pollution from Ironmaking Industries in Shanxi Province in China

Reijiro Takahashi, Xinghe Zhang, Izumi Omura, Nozomu Kawabata, Hisashi Sinohara, Toyoaki Ito

Present Environmental Problem in Chinese Iron-Steelmaking Industry and Effective Transfer of Japanese Technology　1-5　2000
Technology and Management of the W. Metallurgical Industry Group Co. Ltd

Nozomu Kawabata, Keiji Ujikawa

Present Environmental Problem in Chinese Iron-Steelmaking Industry and Effective Transfer of Japanese Technology　14-24　2000
Production Systems and Competitive Strategies of the Japanese Integrated Steel Companies

Nozomu Kawabata

Kiyoshi Sakamoto ed., Production Systems of the Japanese Firms　69-111　1998/12
The Steel Producers and the Steel Trade in East Asia(II)

Nozomu Kawabata

KIKAN KEIZAI KENKYU　20　(3)　47-74　1997/12
Publisher: Osaka City University
ISSN： 0387-1789
The Steel Producers and the Steel Trade in East Asia(I)

Nozomu Kawabata

KIKAN KEIZAI KENKYU　20　(2)　1-34　1997/09
Publisher: Osaka City University
ISSN： 0387-1789
Industrial Relations and Corporate Governance of USX Corporation

Nozomu Kawabata

Japan Society of Business Administration, Issues of Contemporary Management Studies　221-227　1997/09
Publisher: Chikura Publishing Company
DOI： 10.24472/abjaba.67.0_221 　
Small-Medium Manufacturing Enterprises in Higashi-Osaka City

Reserch Society of, Industrial District

KIKAN KEIZAI KENKYU　19　(2)　27-66　1996/09
Publisher: Osaka City University
ISSN： 0387-1789
The National Structure of Growth of the U.S. Steel Industry in the Post-War Era

KAWABATA Nozomu

The Annual Report of The Securities Research Center　(10)　51-80　1995/12
Publisher:
ISSN： 0913-2112
Some Issues on the Production System of Japanese Steel Industry

KAWABATA Nozomu

The Keizai Gaku:Annual Report of the Economic Society　57　(4)　81-91　1995/12
Publisher: Tohoku University
ISSN： 0387-3056
Production Process of Japanese-U.S. Steel Joint Ventures

KAWABATA Nozomu

KIKAN KEIZAI KENKYU　18　(3)　89-116　1995/12
Publisher: Osaka City University
ISSN： 0387-1789
Product Development of Japanese Integrated Steel Companies

Nozomu Kawabata

Yoshihiko Akashi and Hirofumi Ueda eds., Systems of Innovation in Japanese Firms　113-145　1995/03
Technology, Management, and Industrial Relations of U. S. Integrated Steel Companies : The Process of Restructuring

KAWABATA Nozomu

Osaka City University Economic Review　30　(1/2)　53-79　1995/01

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U.S. integrated steel companies entered the age of restructuring after the 1982-83 steel depression. The core of restructuring was rebuilding the production process. The companies reduced their huge excess capacity， carried out modernization in downstream process, and reorganized industria1 relations. 1 think that their experience is instructive for understanding the nature of restructuring of the Japanese steel industry and other manufacturing industries in the 1990's.
Restructuring of the United States Steel Industry. (II)

KAWABATA Nozomu

KIKAN KEIZAI KENKYU　16　(4)　1-24　1994/03
Publisher: Osaka City University
ISSN： 0387-1789
Restructuring of the U. S. Steel Industry : Decline and Change

Nozomu Kawabata

Shigeki Kanada ed., The American Industries in Agony　109-139　1993/09
Publisher:
Technology, Economy, and Management in the Postwar Japanese Steel Industry : A Methodological Investigation

KAWABATA Nozomu

KIKAN KEIZAI KENKYU　16　(2)　1-21　1993/09
Publisher: Osaka City University
ISSN： 0387-1789
Restructuring of the United States Steel Industry (1)

KAWABATA Nozomu

The Quarterly Journal of Economic Studies　15　(2)　1-25　1992/09
Publisher: Osaka City University
ISSN： 0387-1789
Anti-Dumping and "Capital Shortage" : The U. S. Integrated Steel Company's Understanding of Competitive Condition and its Investment Policy Peer-reviewed

KAWABATA Nozomu

The Keizai Gaku : Annual Report of the Economic Society　53　(2)　151-172　1991/11
Publisher: Tohoku University
ISSN： 0387-3056
Accmulation Mode of the United States Steel Industry after the World War II Peer-reviewed

KAWABATA Nozomu

The Keizai Gaku : Annual Report of the Economic Society　52　(4)　97-116　1991/02
Publisher: Tohoku University
ISSN： 0387-3056
The Method of Criticism of The Modern Corporation and Private Property Peer-reviewed

KAWABATA Nozomu

The Keizai Gaku : Annual Report of the Economic Society　52　(1)　83-104　1990/07
Publisher: Tohoku University Economic Society
ISSN： 0387-3056

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Misc. 31

物価変動分類論：インフレ，デフレ，遊休，バブルと金融・財政政策

川端望

TERG Discussion Paper　492　1-20　2025/01
Publisher: 東北大学大学院経済学研究科
DOI： 10.50974/0002002920 　

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今日の日常用語，また経済実務家の用語では，すべての持続的物価上昇はインフレーション（以下，インフレと略すことがある）と呼ばれ，すべての持続的物価下落はデフレーション（以下，デフレと略することがある）と呼ばれている。主流となっている用語法である以上，これを無視することは難しい。しかし，この用語法は種々の物価変動の区分とそれらの異なる経済的帰結の違いをとらえられないという弱点がある。本稿では，マルクス派貨幣論に沿った物価変動分類を復権させることによって，この弱点を補い，現状分析の基準を豊かにすることを目的とする。マルクス派貨幣論がこの目的に貢献する理由は，抽象度の高い理論次元において，物価変動の諸区別が可能であり，それ故にインフレとデフレを狭義にとらえ，他の種類の物価変動と区別することも可能だという特徴を持っているからである。本稿の物価変動分類は抽象度の高い分類であって，それのみで現状分析を完結させることはできないが，現状分析に必要な基準設定を助けることはできる。物価変動分類を精緻化することは，例えばアベノミクス期の日本経済において，日銀による超金融緩和にもかかわらず物価上昇が見られなかったこと，ポストコロナ期になって，国内的要因と対外関係の双方から物価上昇がみられるようになったことを理解するためにも有益である。また学説の問題として，1990－2000年代に「デフレ」と呼ばれたこと，ひるがえって2020年代の「インフレ」と呼ばれていることの本質は何であるかを明らかにするためにも有益である。
貨幣分類論

川端望

TERG Discussion Paper　490　1-19　2024/09
Publisher: 東北大学大学院経済学研究科
DOI： 10.50974/0002002578 　

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貨幣には様々な種類があり，またさまざまな性質がある。貨幣の全部または一部の性質を引き継いで別種の貨幣が派生するといった系統も存在する。事物を性質や系統によって分けることが分類であるとするならば，分類は，性質や系統についての考え方を反映して，様々でありうることになる。しかし，それだけに分類は混乱のもととなりやすい。この小論は，著者がマルクス派の信用貨幣論に基づいて前稿「通貨供給システムとしての金融システム」で示した貨幣・金融論によりつつ，貨幣の分類とその根拠を明快に示すことを課題とする。そして，それを通して現在の貨幣・信用システムの理解を深めるとともに，貨幣論における様々な混乱を整理する基準を提示することを目的とする。
The Financial System as a Currency Supply System: The Scope and Limitations of Credit Money Theory

Nozomu Kawabata

TERG Discussion Paper　489　1-39　2024/04
Publisher: Graduate School of Economics and Management, Tohoku University
書評金容度『日本経営論』（博英社，2023年3月）

川端望

産業学会研究年報　39　238-239　2024/03
Publisher: 産業学会
DOI： 10.11444/sisj.2024.235 　
Kyoyo Steel's Business Development in Vietnam - A Study of Competition Among Technologies and Production Systems in Developing Countries

Nozomu Kawabata

TERG Discussion Paper　482　1-23　2024/03
Publisher: Graduate School of Economics and Management, Tohoku University
Why and how firms conduct specific supply chain integration strategies? Considering the configurations of the customer order decoupling point and supply chain integration

Nguyen Kim Ngan, Nozomu Kawabata

TMARG Discussion Paper　149　1-24　2023/11
Publisher: Graduate School of Economics and Management, Tohoku University
DOI： 10.50974/0002000544 　

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manufacturing industries which use custom parts. Then, it examines the framework by collecting data from dealers, manufacturers, and suppliers in three Japanese motorcycle supply chains in Vietnam. The empirical evidence shows that customer order decoupling point (CODP) positioning and SCI implementation should always be considered together, not separately. To achieve organizational strategic objectives and improve operational performance, selecting suitable configurations of CODP and SCI strategy is important. Generally, using full SCI combined with make-to-order (MTO) approach demonstrates superior performance, achieving both efficiency and flexibility. However, demand volume and demand volatility are market factors that influence the feasibility of CODP and SCI configurations. When suppliers use MTO, the prerequisite for MTO with full SCI at manufacturers is that demand volume must be big enough to ask for supplier integration (SI). In other words, SI is an enabler for MTO at manufacturers when suppliers use MTO; and SI is constrained by demand volume. When manufacturers can use MTO with full SCI, demand volatility then affects the level of SCI and consequent performances. Specifically, when demand volatility is high, the level of SCI needs to be increased, but the risk of instability in production and labor allocation also increases.
1990年代ベトナムにおける日越合弁鉄鋼事業の成立過程－ビナ・キョウエイ・スチール社の事例研究－

川端望

TERG Discussion Paper　479　1-21　2023/09
Publisher: 東北大学大学院経済学研究科

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このプレプリント版は，改稿を経て川端望「ベトナム鉄鋼業の発展初期における日系中堅電炉企業の役割ービナ・キョウエイ・スチール社成立過程の研究ー」となり，『アジア経営研究』第30-1号（2024年8月刊行）77-92ページに掲載された。
Nippon Steel Corporation

Nozomu Kawabata

Nipponica　2023/01/19
Publisher: Shogakukan Creative
Iron and steel industry

Tadashi Matsuzaki, Nozomu Kawabata

Nipponica　2023/01/19
Publisher: Shogakukan Creative
What is the impact of central bank digital currency ? A review article on Yukio Noguchi "The Central Bank Digital Currency"

Nozomu Kawabata

TERG Discussion Paper　469　1-12　2022/12
Publisher: Graduate School of Economics and Management, Tohoku University
The Bipolar Structure of the Chinese Iron and Steel Industry during the Growth Period: Examination of the Market Dominance of Giant Companies and the Background for Growth of Small Enterprises

Di Yin, Nozomu Kawabata

TERG Discussion Paper　452　1-34　2021/05
Publisher: 東北大学大学院経済学研究科
書評明石芳彦『進化するアメリカ産業と地域の盛衰』（御茶の水書房，2019年3月）

川端望

産業学会研究年報　36　180-181　2021/03
Publisher: 産業学会
DOI： 10.11444/sisj.2021.177 　
書評塩地洋・田中彰編著『東アジア優位産業――多元化する国際生産ネットワーク』

川端望

経営史学　55　(3)　74-75　2020/12
Publisher: 経営史学会
DOI： 10.5029/bhsj.55.3_28 　
Policies to Reduce Excess Capacity in the Chinese Iron and Steel Industry: Industrial Policy as a Coordination Process

Nozomu Kawabata, Di Yin

RIETI Discussion Paper Series　20-J　(038)　1-30　2020/09
Publisher: （独）経済産業研究所
Diversity of Production Systems in the Contemporary Iron and Steel Industry in China: Technology Selection and Market Adaptation

Nozomu Kawabata, Di Yin

TERG Discussion Paper　425　1-41　2020/06
Publisher: 東北大学大学院経済学研究科
書評土屋勉男・井上隆一郎・赤羽淳著『あるもの探しのイノベーション戦略：効率的な経営資源の組み合わせで成長する』（白桃書房，2019年10月）

川端望

産業学会研究年報　35　153-154　2020/03
Publisher: 産業学会
DOI： 10.11444/sisj.2020.151 　
Development of the Vietnamese Iron and Steel Industry under International Economic Integration

Nozomu Kawabata

TERG Discussion Paper　395　1-23　2018/12
Publisher: Graduate School of Economics and Management, Tohoku University
Decline and Restructuring of a State-owned Enterprise Group in the Vietnamese Iron and Steel Industry

Nozomu Kawabata

RIETI Discussion Paper Series　17　(J-066)　1-41　2017/10
Publisher: （独）経済産業研究所
日本鉄鋼業の過剰能力削減における政府の役割 ―1970-2000年代の経験―

川端望

TERG Discussion Papers　371　1-23　2017/07
Publisher: 東北大学大学院経済学研究科

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本稿は，1970 年代から 2000 年代の期間について，日本鉄鋼業の過剰能力削減における政府の役割を考察したものである。産業政策の役割を，（１）政策目標の達成度，（２）もたらされた結果が企業自身の行動によるものか政策的誘導か，（３）政策の副作用，（４）市場介入の正当性の４つの基準により評価した。また，鉄鋼業を高炉企業と電炉企業に分けた上で考察した。その上で，この４つの基準を，2017 年現在，中国において実施されている過剰能力削減政策の評価に適用して，一定の政策的示唆を得ようとしたものである。本稿は，2017 年 6 月 17 日にハルビンで開催された「全国日本経済学会 2017 年会曁学術研討会」に提出したものに，誤字・脱字など最小限の修正を施したものである。全国日本経済学会は，中国における，日本経済研究者の学会である。論文は日本語で提出し，資料とスピーチは銀迪（東北大学大学院経済学研究科前期課程院生）によって中国語に翻訳された。本稿は中国語に訳されて中国社会科学院日本研究所の編集による出版物に収録される予定であるが，日本語での発表を別途行うことについて，同研究所は了解済みである。本稿が，基本的に日本鉄鋼業と日本の産業政策を論じたものでありながら，末尾に中国への政策的示唆が加わるという特異な構成になっているのは，上記の事情に伴い，中国の日本経済研究者を対象として構成したことによるものである。 (※補足。結局，中国社会科学院日本研究所の出版物への収録は実現しなかった)
Where is the Excess Capacity in the World Iron and Steel Industry?: A focus on East Asia and China

Nozomu Kawabata

RIETI Discussion Paper Series　17　(E-026)　1-36　2017/03

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The purpose of this study is to identify the location of excess capacity in the world iron and steelindustry. Excess capacity is a production capacity that is inferior in competition, surviving due to factors other than competitive advantages, under the condition that world production capacity exceeds demand. As a result of analysis, China was found to have the highest scale of excess capacity, while NAFTA(North American Free Trade Agreement) members, Europe, CIS (Commonwealth of Independent States)members, Japan, South Korea, and ASEAN (Association of Southeast Asian Nations) members were found to have a moderate scale of excess capacity. In China, Russia, Ukraine, Japan, and South Korea, excess capacity coexists with large-scale steel exports. However, excess capacity is considered to promote the exports of low value-added steel products only in China, Russia, and Ukraine. The iron and steelindustry in China is not necessarily export-oriented, and its capacity utilization rate is not low compared with other regions. However, the production scale in China is outstanding among all economies. As a result, the scale of excess capacity and steel exports are the largest in the world. Moreover, low valueadded products occupy a high share in the total iron and steel exports from China. In the cases of Russia and Ukraine, iron and steel industries are export-oriented. Furthermore, compared with China, low-value added products constitute a higher proportion in their export mix. However, the scale of excess capacity and exports are lower than China, in parallel with their production scale. In the cases of Japan and South Korea, iron and steel industries are export-oriented. However, the most exported products are high-grade flat products and high-grade host materials for business partners and subsidiaries abroad. In other words, the steel exports from Japan and South Korea are not commodity-based. An increasing number of construction projects involving steelworks is in progress or being planned worldwide, especially in Asia. Thus, reduction of excess capacity would become difficult. Furthermore, as state-of-the-art technologies will be embodied in newly installed steelworks, the competition for survival in the iron and steel industry will intensify in the future.
人材獲得競争における世界・中国・日本：IT産業で起こっていること

川端望

雇用改革の動きと今後の人材サービスを考える 2015年派遣・請負問題勉強会講演集　30-32　2016/07
Publisher: NPO法人人材派遣・請負会社サポートセンター
携帯ショップの奥は中国：大連市の情報サービス業と日本

川端望

研究調査シリーズ　31　3-28　2014/07
Publisher: 東北大学大学院経済学研究科産業発展論ゼミナール
Energy saving and CO2 emission reductions in the Chinese iron and steel industry Peer-reviewed

Nozomu Kawabata, Yang Zhao

Quarterly journal of Institute of Developing Economies, Japan External Trade Organization　55　(1)　97-127　2014/03
Publisher: （独）日本貿易振興機構アジア経済研究所
ISSN： 0002-2942
書評今井健一・丁可編『中国産業高度化の潮流』（アジア経済研究所，2008年12月）

川端望

産業学会研究年報　25　(25)　111-113　2010/03
Publisher: 産業学会
DOI： 10.11444/sisj.2010.107 　

ISSN： 0918-7162
The production systems and investment behavior of the iron and steel companies in East Asia

Materials science & technology　77　(11)　1194-1198　2007/11
Publisher: アグネ技術センター
ISSN： 0368-6337
中国山西省のコークス製造業におけるCDMプロジェクトの設計

川端望, 大村泉, 明日香壽川, 張興和, 川原業三, 高橋禮二郎

材料とプロセス　19　(4)　2006

ISSN： 0914-6628
The Thai Steel Industry after the Asian Currency Crisis: Corporate Reconstruction, Interfirm Division of Labor and Trade Problem

Nozomu Kawabata

NEU-JICA Discussion Paper　1-29　2003/07
Book Review “Anthony P. D'Costa, The Global Restructuring of the Steel Industry: Innovations, Institutions, and Industrial Change, London and New York, Routledge, 1999, 228+XX pp”.

川端望

アジア経済　41　(6)　82-85　2000/06
Publisher: アジア経済研究所
ISSN： 0002-2942
書評肥塚浩著『現代の半導体企業』

川端望

立命館経営学　36　(2)　121-127　1997/07
Publisher: 立命館大学経営学会
ISSN： 0485-2206
書評十名直喜『日本型鉄鋼システム－危機のメカニズムと変革の視座－』『鉄鋼生産システム－資源，技術，技能の日本型諸相－』

川端望

産業学会研究年報　12　103-105　1997/03
Publisher: 産業学会
DOI： 10.11444/sisj1986.1997.97 　
私の書評萩原伸次郎『アメリカ経済政策史戦後「ケインズ連合」の興亡』 Invited

川端望

書斎の窓　60-63　1996/09
Publisher: 有斐閣

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Books and Other Publications 4

Structure and Dynamism of Iron and Steel Industry in East Asia

Nozomu Kawabata

MINERVA Publishing Co., Ltd.　2005/11/30
Viet Nam's Industrialization Strategy in the Age of Globalization

Kenichi Ohno, Nozomu Kawabata

2003/03
Walter Adams and James W. Brock, The Structure of American Industry, 10th edition

金田重喜, 川端望, 佐藤直子, 菊池慶彦, 榊原雄一郎ほか訳

Sofu-Sya　2002/04
Walter Adams and James W. Brock, Adam Smith Goes to Moscow : A Dialogue on Radical Reform(Translation from English to Japanese)

KAWABATA Nozomu

2000

Presentations 44

カーボン・ニュートラルを目指す日本鉄鋼業の技術選択ー経営判断，規制と支援の経済学ー Invited

川端望

日本鉄鋼協会第49回歴史を変える転換技術フォーラム研究発表会　2024/09/10

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2050年カーボンニュートラルをめざす日本鉄鋼業の技術選択は，どのような経済的諸要因の中にあるかを明らかにした。これまでの地球温暖化対策を再評価し，現在の技術開発と設備投資動向を分析した。
ベトナムにおける共英製鋼の事業展開：発展途上国鉄鋼業における技術・生産システム間競争の研究

川端望

第62回産業学会全国大会　2024/06/08

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本報告の直接の目的は，共英製鋼株式会社のベトナム事業の到達点と課題を示すことである。同時に，この事例を通して，発展途上国鉄鋼業における技術・生産システム間の競争についての示唆を得ようとするものである。 1990年代にベトナムで現地生産を開始した共英製鋼は，当初は圧倒的な優位性を持っていたが，21世紀になると激しい企業間競争にさらされるようになった。その際，共英製鋼の持つ電炉システムが，地場企業の持つ小型高炉一貫システムや誘導炉システムと競合した。共英製鋼は，主力子会社ビナ・キョウエイ・スチール(VKS)に電炉・第2圧延ラインを設置し，さらに企業買収によって北部にも電炉システムを確立し，生産効率を向上させて対抗した。また小型高炉企業や誘導炉企業からビレットを購入するなど，地場企業の生産システムの活用も行った。こうして生産の拡大を達成したが，販売シェアと利益率の向上には至っていない。共英製鋼が電炉システムによる持続的イノベーションを遂行したのに対して，地場企業は，ベトナムの要素賦存や市場のローカルな諸条件を活用した小型高炉一貫システムや誘導炉システムで挑戦した。それらが遂行したのはキャッチダウン型技術進歩またはベース・オブ・ピラミッドでの破壊的イノベーションだった。電炉システムは，先進国では高炉一貫システムへの挑戦者であったが，ベトナムでは挑戦される側に立たされたのである。今後，高炉一貫システムは大型化して鋼板生産に重点を移していくだろうが，誘導炉とアーク電炉の共存はしばらく続きそうである。長期的には，地球温暖化防止対策の強化とともに，アーク電炉は技術としては優位性を持つ。しかし，スクラップ・電炉を用いて建設用条鋼を生産する生産システムは，変革を迫られるだろう。
中国鉄鋼業における過剰能力削減政策 Invited

川端望, 銀迪

東京大学現代中国研究拠点オンラインセミナーシリーズNo.6「中国・アジア経済の歴史的展望」　2020/10/22
中国鉄鋼業における過剰能力削減政策：調整プロセスとしての評価

川端望, 銀迪

アジア経営学会第27回全国大会　2020/09/12
中国鉄鋼業における過剰能力削減政策の進捗と展望―市場競争の質の視点から― International-presentation Invited

川端望, 銀迪

“産能過剰，国企改革与競争中立”国際研討会　2019/09/27
中国鉄鋼業における過剰能力削減政策の進捗と展望―市場競争の質の視点から―

川端望, 銀迪

中国経済経営学会2018年度全国大会　2018/11/24
発展途上国鉄鋼業の技術選択におけるローカル・グローバルな諸要因：ベトナムの事例

川端望

日本鉄鋼協会第175回春季講演大会　2018/03/19
日本鉄鋼業の過剰能力削減における政府の役割－1970-2000年代の経験－ International-presentation

全国日本経済学会2017年学術研討会　2017/06/17
中国経済の『曖昧な制度』と日本経済の『曖昧な制度』－日本産業論・企業論研究から－ Invited

中国経済経営学会・アジア政経学会・日本現代中国学会合同企画「加藤弘之『中国経済学入門』との対話　2016/11/06
鉄鋼業の過剰能力はどこにあるのか ―世界，東アジア，中国―

第４回公的支援の競争中立性をめぐる国際経済法研究会　2016/03/29
市場経済移行下のベトナム鉄鋼業

第８回製鉄・資源に関するWork Shop（還元研究会）　2016/01/26
東アジア鉄鋼業研究の視角

「エレクトロニクス産業の『部品化』と東アジア企業」研究会　2015/12/16
市場経済移行下のベトナム鉄鋼業

日本鉄鋼協会・日本金属学会関西支部鉄鋼プロセス研究会・材料化学研究会平成27年度第２回合同見学会・講演会　2015/11/16
ベトナム鉄鋼業における民間企業の勃興

アジア経営学会第22回全国大会　2015/09/12
中国鉄鋼業における省エネルギーとCO2排出削減対策

日本学術振興会製銑第54委員会平成25年度6月期本委員会（第184回）　2014/06/26
東アジア鉄鋼業の新展開

日本鉄鋼協会高温プロセス部会製鉄プロセスフォーラム次世代製鉄研究Gr主催ワークショップ「最新のシェールガス事情と東アジアの鉄鋼企業動向並びに還元鉄製造技術を学ぶ」　2013/07/16
転機に立つ大連市ソフトウェア・情報サービス産業

Yan Zhang, Nozomu Kawabata

産業学会第50回全国研究会　2012/06/09
『つながらない』状態からの教訓：東日本大震災における情報・通信システム被災（共通論題「東日本大震災と産業復興―現状と課題―」）

産業学会第50回全国研究会　2012/06/09
中国鉄鋼業における省エネルギーとCO2排出削減：イメージと実態

第19回アジア経営学会東部部会　2012/05/19

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趙洋との共同研究に基づき，川端望が報告。
携帯ショップの奥は中国 : 大連ソフトウェア・情報サービス産業と日本

弘前大学経済学会第36回大会　2011/10/22

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張艶との共同研究成果を川端望が報告。
東日本大震災における東北地方の自動車産業・鉄鋼業の被害と復旧過程から見えてくるもの

地域産業復興調査研究シンポジウム東日本大震災からの地域経済復興への提言－被災地の大学として何を学び、伝え、創るのか－　2011/10/01
東日本大震災における情報・通信システムの被害とその教訓

地域産業復興調査研究シンポジウム東日本大震災からの地域経済復興への提言－被災地の大学として何を学び、伝え、創るのか－　2011/10/01
大連市におけるソフトウェア・情報サービス産業の形成

張艶

アジア経営学会第18回全国大会　2011/09/16
Comparative Analysis of Integrated Iron and Steel Companies in East Asia International-presentation

State of Globalization in the Steel Industry: Taking Stock and Looking Forward　2010/05/28
中国鉄鋼業における省エネルギーとCO2排出削減対策

東北大学環境フロンティア国際プログラム主催。カーボンチェーン研究会中国の省エネルギー・CO2排出削減対策：その戦略とシナリオをめぐって　2010/02/27
中国鉄鋼業のエネルギー消費とCO2排出

日本鉄鋼協会第158回秋季講演大会　2009/09/15
中国鉄鋼業における省エネルギー対策：CO2排出削減の観点から

第36回的場記念川渡セミナー　2009/09/02
東南アジア鉄鋼業の構造と再編

2008年電炉鋼材フォーラム　2008/10/28
東アジア鉄鋼業の新局面：次世代への進化をめぐる競争

第16回鉄鋼工学アドバンストセミナー　2008/10/23
東アジアの銑鋼一貫企業：比較分析の視点

日本科学史学会技術史分科会夏の研究会　2008/06/28
東アジア鉄鋼企業の成長

合同シンポジウム「技術戦略から見た我が国の素材・エネルギープロッセシングの進むべき姿」　2007/11/29
中国鉄鋼業の成長と再編成

2007年電炉鋼材フォーラム　2007/10/23
東アジア鉄鋼企業の比較分析

アジア経営学会第14回全国大会　2007/09/16
Iron and Steel Industry in Viet Nam: A New Phase and Policy Shift International-presentation

VDF Work Shop　2007/08/28
Iron and Steel Industry of Developing Countries in the Era of Globalization: The Case of Vietnam International-presentation

Advanced Material Flow Analysis for the Sustainable Society　2006/09/25
中国山西省のコークス製造業におけるCDMプロジェクトの設計

大村泉, 明日香壽川, 張興和, 川原業三, 高橋禮二郎

日本鉄鋼協会第152回秋季講演大会　2006/09

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発表者（筆頭報告者）
東アジア鉄鋼業の構造とダイナミズム－論点の整理と反省－

政治経済学・経済史学会東北部会例会　2006/07/08
Improving the Promotion Policy for the Vietnamese Iron and Steel Industy International-presentation

VDF Work Shop　2006/06/16
中国鉄鋼業：その階層性と多様性 International-presentation

中国における環境技術の普及に向けた国際協力　2006/03/19
東アジアにおける日本鉄鋼業－競争優位の所在と展望－

産業学会第43回全国研究会　2005/06/12
東アジア鉄鋼業の生産・貿易構造

政治経済学・経済史学会東北部会例会　2004/07/10
Designing Tariff Structure for an Import Substitution Industry: The Case of Steel International-presentation

Vietnam's Industrial Strategy in the Age of Globalization: Ho Chi Minh City Seminar　2003/09/09
Competitive Strategy of the Japanese Integrated Steel Firms in Mature Stage International-presentation

The 27th International Conference of Business History (The Fuji Conference)　2003/01
競争戦略と生産システム－高炉メーカーの場合－

産業学会第36回全国研究会　1998/06/14

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Research Projects 21

鉄鋼業における脱炭素への技術転換とグローバルサプライ／バリューチェーンの再編成

川端望

Offer Organization: 日本学術振興会

System: 科学研究費助成事業

Category: 基盤研究(C)

Institution: 東北大学

2024/04/01 - 2028/03/31
サプライチェーンの設計と運営における国際比較

中道一心, 川端望

Offer Organization: 同志社大学人文科学研究所

System: 第21期第16研究

Institution: 同志社大学人文科学研究所

2022/04 - 2025/03

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素材生産企業（鉄鋼企業と製紙企業）の競争力となる「規模の経済」の実現と完成品企業の競争力となるＪＩＴ生産の実現を両立するために、如何にサプライチェーンを設計し、その日々の運営をどのように行っているかを明らかにしたうえで、国際比較を行い、その異同の要因を学際的に解明することにある。その際、これまでサプライチェーン・マネジメント論（生産管理論）、管理会計論、人事管理論（労働経済学）を研究する者が互いに接点を持つことは少なかったため、本部門研究を通じて作り出し、学内研究者の知見と、わたしたちが持つ学外のネットワークを有機的に連携することで、拠点構築が進める。研究活動は年６回程度の研究会を開催し、調査研究報告および関連書籍の書評会を中心に行う。
Timing Controller and Competitive Advantage: A Study on Balancing Economy of Scale and JIT Production.

Offer Organization: Japan Society for the Promotion of Science

System: Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)

Category: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)

Institution: Doshisha University

2020/04 - 2023/03
ベトナム鉄鋼業における外資企業の適応的市場創造と社会的受容：後発性利益実現の条件

川端望

Offer Organization: 日本学術振興会

System: 科学研究費助成事業基盤研究(C)

Category: 基盤研究(C)

Institution: 東北大学

2020/04 - 2023/03

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2021年度は，新型コロナウイルス感染症の流行の継続のため，本来予定されていたベトナム調査を断念せざるを得なかったため，研究課題の理論的領域や周辺部を扱う研究に専念した。世界鉄鋼業と，外資のベトナム進出を大きく規定しているのは，最大の製鉄国中国の動向である。また最大の製鉄国であることから，その事例分析を通して産業研究の理論的方法の探求も進めることができる。これらの探求を進める2本の査読付き学術論文を発表した。川端望・銀迪「現代中国鉄鋼業の生産システム: その独自性と存立根拠」では，多様な鉄鋼生産システムの複合として一国の鉄鋼生産構造を明らかにする方法論を確立した。そして，世界最大の製鉄国である中国において中小型システムが優位に立っていたこと，しかしそれは原料供給と製品需要に対応した合理的なものであったことを明らかにした。川端望・銀迪「中国鉄鋼業における過剰能力削減政策―調整プロセスとしての産業政策―」では，調整プロセスとしての産業政策という観点を打ち出した。そして，公表情報からはわかりにくい中国鉄鋼業における過剰能力削減の実際の到達点を解明するとともに，数量目標の絶対視と設備規模基準の淘汰という中国政策当局の手法に重大な問題があることを明らかにした。また日本政府，日本鉄鋼業界がカーボンニュートラルを宣言したことを受けて，鉄鋼業が今後迫られる変容を簡潔に明らかにしたのが川端望「脱炭素時代に日本鉄鋼業はどう変わるか」である。本年度は，ベトナムの実態調査が困難という非常に強い制約のもとで，実証研究としてはやむを得ず収集可能な情報に基づく他事例の分析に集中せざるを得なかった。しかし，その中でも理論研究としては，生産システム研究，産業政策，脱炭素のイノベーションに関する解明に前進を得ることができた。
現代国際通商・投資システムの総合的研究（第Ⅴ期）

Offer Organization: 経済産業研究所

2020/04 -
Empirical study of excess capacity in iron and steel, coal and power generation industry in China

KAWABATA Nozomu

Offer Organization: Japan Society for the Promotion of Science

System: Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)

Category: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)

Institution: Tohoku University

2017/04 - 2020/03

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This study analyzed the dynamics of the generation, persistence and reduction of excess capacity in China, treating coal and steel industries as the object of case. There are four major findings. First, regarding the generation of excessive capacity, soft budget constraints in state-owned enterprises, especially subsidies for salvation, and opportunistic entry behavior of small and medium private enterprises were both effective. Second, the government's excess capacity reduction policy has produced remarkable results in quantitatively reducing capacity and balancing it with demand. Third, the policy's qualitative effect on the quality of the market economy was mixed industry by industry. Fourth, excess capacity reduction policy forced regional economies to upgrade the economic development strategy.
発展途上国鉄鋼業における技術選択を規制する要因の研究 ―ベトナムを事例に―

川端望

Offer Organization: 日本学術振興会

System: 産学協力研究委員会調査研究助成

Institution: 東北大学

2018/02 - 2018/12
Capacities for offshoring business in China: Bridging and assimilation

KAWABATA Nozomu, LI Hongzhou, WANG Baolin, TANIGUCHI Megumi, ZHANG Yan

Offer Organization: Japan Society for the Promotion of Science

System: Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)

Category: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)

Institution: Tohoku University

2012/04 - 2015/03

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This research illustrated the role of returnees as entrepreneurs, managers and engineers in offshoring business for Japanese market in Dalian, China. Moreover, it positioned the relations between Dalian and Japan as a leading model for Japan to become more open society in the field of human mobility. In this model, Japan can upgrade its industrial structure simultaneously with promoting the economic development in emerging economies. As a concrete issue, this research focused the designation of "Bridge system engineer". Its essential nature was a process linkage across the border that was necessary for offshoring. However, it did not necessarily mean the necessity of special post of "Bridge system engineer." It is function, not necessarily a special post.
Formulation and Application of Proactive Industrial Policy

OHNO Kenichi, OHNO Izumi, HOSONO Akio, UESU Sayoko, KAWABATA Nozomu, KIMURA Fukunari, ALTENBURG Tilman, LEFTWICH Adrian, KHAN Mushtaq, GEBRE-AB Newai, GEBREHIWOT Berihu Assefa, MORI Junichi, PHAM Hong Chuong, NGUYEN Thi Xuan Thuy

Offer Organization: Japan Society for the Promotion of Science

System: Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (A)

Category: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (A)

Institution: National Graduate Institute for Policy Studies

2010/04 - 2014/03

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Industrial promotion method consistent with markets and globalization was defined as "proactive industrial policy," and relevant policy cases were collected mainly from East Asia for comparison and analysis. A book describing concrete content, organization and documentation of proactive industrial policy was published in English and Japanese. Research results were applied to development policies on the ground through regular industrial policy dialogues with the governments of Ethiopia and Vietnam, which our university conducts in cooperation with the Japan International Cooperation Agency. In these dialogues, proposals on kaizen (Japanese style productivity improvement), public-private cooperation, making of an action plan, etc. were offered and some were actually adopted.
Configuration & Coordination of the Japanese Corporations' Production Facilities after the Global Financial Crisis of 2008: Exploring their Factors & Impacts

NISHIZAWA Akio, SUZUKI Toshio, SARUWATARI Keiko, KAWABATA Nozomu, HIOKI Shiro, SUGAWARA Ayumu, SUEMATSU Kazuko, MISHIMA Kouhei, TAMAI Yuki

Offer Organization: Japan Society for the Promotion of Science

System: Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)

Category: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)

2010/04 - 2013/03

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It has required "Configuration" and "Coordination" of the Japanese Corporations' Production Facilities accumulated in Mainland China due to the Structural Change of Chinese Economy with the sky-rocketed economic growth brought by the Reform and Open-door Policies, huge disasters of East-Japan Earth-quake, Big Flood in Thailand, and geopolitical risks of territorial disputes and claiming the reorganization of the Order shaped after the World War Second. In order to clarify the impacts of these "Configuration" and "Coordination" on the East Asian Economic Growth in the future, we have tried the New Global Management Structures and Value Chains of the Japanese Corporations located in Asian countries, and the New Economic Policies contributing to the Sustainable Economic Growth in Japan, Mainland China and ASEAN countries based on the accurate grasp of the actual conditions of "Configuration" and "Coordination" implemented by the Japanese Corporations.
Innovation in Carbon Chains for Low Carbon Industrial Structure

KAWABATA Nozomu, ASUKA Jusen, ZHANG Xinghe, HORII Nobuhiro, OMURA Izumi, LU Xiang Chun, ZHAO Yang

Offer Organization: Japan Society for the Promotion of Science

System: Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)

Category: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)

Institution: Tohoku University

2009 - 2011

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This research focused on the demand-supply relations of energy, real conditions of energy saving, and economic mechanisms that reinforces energy saving measures in China. As a result, political target and progress situation of carbon chain (supply chain in coal-related industries)innovations in China were elucidated. Compared those conditions with the contemporary state in Japan, we found some policy implications on the place of Japan and China in the area of diplomacy on prevention of global warming.
Transfer and Evolution of 'Chandlerian Model' in the Steel Industry and the East-Asian Steel Market

SHIOMI Haruhito, KAWABATA Nozomu, RYU Shikou, HORI Ichirou, TANAKA Akira, MIZOTA Seigo

Offer Organization: Japan Society for the Promotion of Science

System: Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)

Category: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)

Institution: Nagoya University of Foreign Studies

2007 - 2009

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Chandlerian model' in the Steel Industry has evolved 'Japanese model' in the Post-War Japan. This Model has been transformed in Korea,China,Taiwan and Thailand. We made investigations on various transformations of 'Japanese Model' and studied a mutual relation in the East-Asian steel market." This research has two hypothesises : one is that business model in each countries follows domestic demand structure in each countries. The other is that international steel market is formed by mutual relations among nation-specific business models. We studied the development of domestic steel demand on the time-basis. Next, we defined 'Chandlerian model' in the US as the coil-specific integrated system under the influence of steel imports. We also studied the development of Chandlerian model' in Japan and defined 'Japanese model' as high-quality-full-line integrated system under the influence of the 'Oil Crisis'. In the following stage, 'Japanese model' was transformded to the ordinary-quality-full-line integrated system in Korea, to the construction-shaped-steel-oriented integrated system in China and to the ordinary-steel mini-mill in Taiwan and Thailand , to which Japan supplied crude steel. We research business models through the field work. This model analysis of the East-Asian steel market is the first time in the research. We carried out this plan and
Research on restructuring Japanese inter-firm system for forging innovation

KAWABATA Nozomu, FUKUSHIMA Michi, OTA Yasuhiro

Offer Organization: Japan Society for the Promotion of Science

System: Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)

Category: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)

Institution: Tohoku University

2006 - 2007

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This research analyzed Japanese inter-firm relationships that worked as innovation promoter. We used, comparative -study-by-industry. Nozomu Kawabata, the head-investigator of this research group, conducted comparative study among the iron and steel industries in East Asian countries. Yasuhiro Ota conducted comparative study on textile and apparel industries in Italy and Japan based on field study. Michi Fukushima researched on comparative study on collaboration between academia and industry in Japan and the U.S, especially focusing on Technology Licensing Offices, and Wang Lei conducted research on the Science Parks in China. Wang Baoling researched on the automobile industry in China, especially comparing foreign-affiliated manufacturers and domestic ones. The fruits of these research are as follows; one paper accepted by refereed journal, one proceeding, and two papers included in the books. And we made three presentations at the academic meetings. In order to share our findings, we held a symposium, whose title was "International comparison on Development Network and Production Network" at the Tohoku University in February 2008. Our project shows as follows; (1) Japanese inter-firm system of the industries that have had-competitive advantage on a global scale, such as the automobile industry and the steel and iron industry, still keeps competitive advantage, going through some minor transformations. (2) The textile and apparel industry in Japan has been facing lots of restructuring-problems they have to overcome since 1980s. They have not stopped business shrinking, and they are still looking for panacea for solving problems, while they are finding the way that they should go. (3) Collaboration between academia and industry is regarded as a premising tool for creating new industry in Japan and the central government has enacted some laws and policies that support it. Unfortunately the policy has been initiated by the central government and not by the persons on the spot. So they have problems in term of heightening their motivation. These results indicate that Japanese inter-firm system has changed slowly for 10 years, comparing with changes of policies and institution in Japan. The uniqueness of our research is to prove how fast the system should have changed and why the system has changed with leisurely speed.
A research on the modularization of production in the automobile industry and the reformation of production systems in the globally competitive age

SAKAMOTO Kiyoshi, TONA Naoki, SHOSEI Li, UEDA Hirofumi, KOEZUKA Hiroshi, KAWABATA Nozomu

Offer Organization: Japan Society for the Promotion of Science

System: Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)

Category: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)

Institution: Osaka City University

2000 - 2003

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This research analyzed recent changes of production systems of the automobile and relating industries in the globally competitive age. It has a few features as follows: Firstly, it regards the concept of production system as the broad meaning from R&D and production to distribution and marketing. In addition, industries of surveys contain semi-conductor, machine tool, molding, iron steel, apparel as well as automobile. Secondly, it investigates the reformation of production systems relative to Globalization and the IT revolution, that is, surveys of foreign firms range from the United States of America, Britain, France and Germany to Asian countries of China, Korea, Vietnam, Thailand and Malaysia. Thirdly, reasons that it adopted the modular production system as a keyword are the introduction of modular production system in European automobile industry and that the next-generation production methodology is the division-integration system developing in many industries.
Comparative Institutional Analysis of Structural Changes in Japanese White-collar Worker's Career in the Restructuring Age

HIRAMOTO Atsushi, NISHIZAWA Akio, TANIGUCHI Akitake, NOMURA Masami, KAWABATA Nozomu, WAKABAYASHI Naoki

Offer Organization: Japan Society for the Promotion of Science

System: Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)

Category: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)

Institution: Tohoku University

2000 - 2003

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We found that, although the major Japanese white-collar workers tended to be internally promoted to the middle management in one company's internal labor market before 1980, however their career development patterns have become diversified and boundary-less for these twenty years. We examined this trend theoretically, historically, comparatively and quantitatively. First, Nomura found that, since the dominant internal labor market theory developed, influenced by the facts of the Japanese labor market and involved Japanese trends, the internal career development model should be carefully reexamined in the current situations. Hiramoto further argued that the Japanese middle managers grew with the Japanese companies from the historical viewpoints. Taniguchi showed that the first huge growth of the white collar emerged in the US big companies, using an example of the GE before the WWII. Nishizawa found that, in 1990's in the United States, the structural change in the US labor markets encourages highly educated workforces to try to get entrepreneurs and not to avoid the employed white-collar career and suggested such change may be relavant for the current change in Japan. Kawabata considered empirically the change of teaching staffs' status resulted from the transformation of the National Universities into independent-administrative-institution. Although it is specific case, it is a symbolic example of the change of the white-collar worker of Japan. Related to the entrepreneurship, Inagaki pointed out that Italian entrepreneurs tend to have more successful career when they have been able to share the same place with other entrepreneurs in their special life-stage. Finally, Wakabayashi and Akinaga found that the career pattern of the Japanese white-collar workers have changed from cohort to cohort based on their career survey of the old boy association of the Tohoku University. They found two trends. First, special white-collar workers tend to be promoted earlier than the 50 years-old ones. Second, specialist-career workers have increased.
グローバル競争に直面する中国鉄鋼業のリストラクチャリングに関する研究

川端望

Offer Organization: 日本学術振興会

System: 科学研究費助成事業若手研究(B)

Category: 若手研究(B)

Institution: 東北大学

2001 - 2002

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本年度は、昨年度おこなった中国山西省での実態調査と国内での資料収集にもとづき、詳細な調査報告書を作成した。特に山西省嵐県・交口県における調査については、写真とその解説を含む詳細な報告や政策提言を作成した。これらは、「2001年度中国山西省環境学術調査報告書」(共著:東北大学学際科学研究センター発行)に収録されている。また、昨年作成した論文「世界の中の山西省鉄鋼業」については中国語訳を作成の上、関連研究者や山西省政府関係者に配布し、コメントを頂いた。以上のように、グローバル競争のもとでの山西省地域製鉄業の再編成については、一定の研究成果をあげることができた。山西省の小規模製鉄業の歴史は長いが、近代以後のそれは、天然資源の有利な賦存と、もっぱら低価格を評価する未成熟な市場セグメントの存在に依拠して存続してきた。「改革・開放」政策によって企業設立が自由化されたために、小規模製鉄業は一気に発展した。しかし、一方ではグローバルな競争の激化と市場の成熟、他方では環境汚染の深刻化によって、再編成を迫られつつある。新たな条件に対応するためには、長期的な視野からの設備投資、体系的な生産管理と技能養成、環境対策が必要である。環境対策は、京都メカニズムの活用を含めて、国際的な支援を得られる可能性がある。なお、山西省でのインテンシブな実態調査に基づく研究に重点を置いたため、中国鉄鋼業全体については具体的な論文等を残すことができなかった。この点は反省されるべきである。
東アジア鉄鋼業の生産システム配置と国際分業・競争の展望に関する研究(副題:企業類型論の見地から

川端望

Offer Organization: 日本学術振興会

System: 科学研究費助成事業奨励研究(A)

Category: 奨励研究(A)

1997 - 1998

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今年度は、1.生産管理システムと労働組織に重点を置いた調査、2金融不安の激化以後の各メーカーの競争戦略および各国・地域政府の産業政策の動向の調査、3.研究成果のまとめ、にとりくんだ。生産管理システムと労働組織の変貌を調査するために、製鉄所は当然として、比較対象とするために自動車、パソコン、ゲーム機、腕時計などの加工・組立工場を訪問した。見学とヒアリングの結果については内部資料としてとりまとめた。その結果、製鉄所では大量生産への多品種・小ロット生産の組み込みが行き詰まっていること、生産管理や労働組織レベルでの合理化に限界が来ているとの考えをもつに至った。また、1980年代以降の日本の高炉メーカーにおける経営戦略の変化についても、整理することができた。また、東アジア鉄鋼業の情報収集と分析についても、昨年に引き続いて努力した。この結果、鉄鋼業の世界的な潮流として、電炉メーカーの台頭、民営化と企業のイニシアチブ強化、他の産業よりも遅れていた生産・経営の国際化の進展、があることを確認した。鉄鋼業が従来からもっていた技術・生産システム特性とこれらの新潮流があいまって、過剰生産圧力を強めているとの確信も得た。しかし、刻々と変化する情勢の下では、各国メーカーの戦略や政府の政策について総括するのは時機尚早であると思われた。そこで、研究結果としては、対象を1990年代前半までの日本鉄鋼業に絞った上で、論文「高炉メーカーの生産システムと競争戦略」をとりまとめた。ここでは、石油危機からバブル崩壊に至るまでの、競争環境と競争戦略、生産システムの対応関係を明らかにし、今後の国際競争の中での生産システムのあり方を考える手がかりを得た。情勢の変化をふまえつつ、東アジア鉄鋼業の研究を発展させることが残された課題である。
The Status quo and Subjects of Japanese Firms about the Strucural Adjustment to the Required Conditions towards the Coming Century

NAKANO Yasushi, KUTSUNA Kenji, KAWABATA Nozomu, ENOMOTO Satoshi, AKASHI Yoshihiko, FUKUDA Yoshitaka

Offer Organization: Japan Society for the Promotion of Science

System: Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)

Category: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)

Institution: Osaka City University

1996 - 1997

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(1)The problems that ensure the labor skills which are needed to stabilize the production system flow and take over their skills are turned aside under the circumstances of the corporate competitive strategic factors. (2)After investigations on the minds of Japanese managerial personnels to which the annual salary system are applied, it proves that they think that the fair evaluation is difficult, the link of the system with the management by objective scheme is obscure, and that the partial confusion of the system with wages based on job-related qualifications and performances occurs. (3) From the consideration on the trends in retail discount revolution and employment in the U.S., Japan, and the U.K., we see that the retail sector become the center of employment, the feminisation goes on, and the dependence on part-timer accelerates, and that the working conditions became worse. (4) The contribution of the movements of the establishments to macro-economic employment must be considered to the effects of their expansions and shrinks, as well as the foundations and closures of establishments. The results of our questionnaire proves that the new ventures of Japan increases the employments at 4 or 6 years after of their foundations. (5) Since the growth rates of the JASDAQ companies (Tentou-kokai kigyo) dropped down uniformly after their list, based on the long years lapse after the establishments of their companies and the purpose of their finances, their abilities to grow are doubtful. (6) Becaause the private business enterprises cultivate most of the economic surplus of the society and they produce intellectual outputs through the R&D activities in the field of science and technology, their influences in the society are remarkable. Their behavior need to be socially regulated. As we see the case of the ISO 1400 criterion, for example, the new paradigm for corporate behavior should be constructed. (7) The Internet system changed the communication systems in the firms as well as between the firms, and it also changed the business communication style and the transactional relationship.
基礎素材産業のリエンジニアリングとポスト大量生産システムの展望に関する研究

川端望

Offer Organization: 日本学術振興会

System: 科学研究費助成事業奨励研究(A)

Category: 奨励研究(A)

Institution: 大阪市立大学

1996 - 1996

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本研究への取り組みは以下のように行われた。 1)必要な資料・情報の収集。さし当たり鉄鋼業を中心としつつ、比較対象のための他の基礎素材産業、加工組立産業に関するものも広範に収集した。収集レートとしては、データベースの活用、業界団体や個別企業からの資料収集、製鉄所など業務の現場での見学やヒアリングなどに努力した。 2)研究報告や見学・ヒアリング記録の作成。日本のリエンジニアリングについては、ワーキングペ-パ-「A製鉄H製鉄所見学記録」を刊行した(裏面参照)。アジア鉄鋼業全体の動向については、「アジア鉄鋼業とメガ・コンペティション」など3本の研究会報告を行った。日本に先行するアメリカのリエンジニアリング研究としては、学会報告「USX社の労使関係とコ-ポレート・ガバナンス」(1996年9月21日、日本経営学会第70回大会)を行った。 3)研究論文の作成。日本とアジアについては論文作成に至っていない。アメリカに関しては、上記学会報告を同様のタイトルでとりまとめた。来年度発行される論集『現代経営学の課題』に収録される予定であり、原稿は提出済である(裏面参照)。上記の研究活動を通じて様々な知見を得たが、最も重要な点は、特にアジアの鉄鋼業において、大量生産志向・分散型プロセスという生産システム的特性と、工業化の比較的早期に、各国の自給政策によって発展させられるという歴史的条件が競争関係を提供していることを確認した点である。アジア鉄鋼業においては、先進国のリエンジニアリング対中心国/途上国の発展という図式にとどまらず、中進国・途上国においてもリストラクチャリングが進展していること、また、ホットコイル市場での価格競争が焦点となることなどの特徴が生じている。これらの点を検証し、将来を展望することは、残された研究課題である。
Global Production Network and Next Generations Production System in Japanese Company

SAKAMOTO Kiyoshi, TONA Naoki, KAWABATA Nozomu, UEDA Hirohumi, TOMIZAWA Osami

Offer Organization: Japan Society for the Promotion of Science

System: Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research Grant-in-Aid for General Scientific Research (C)

Category: Grant-in-Aid for General Scientific Research (C)

Institution: OSAKA CITY UNIVERSITY

1994 - 1995

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These two years we held study-meetings about once a mouth and intensive allday workshops twice and visited to research and interview automobile works, iron and steel works, IC works, electric works, manmade-fiber works and parts works. We published our study achievements as a book, studypapers, workingpapers, reports. We made clear as characteristics of Japanese production system since 1980 following factors : progressing microelectronic technology, product over-diversification and small lot production ; necessity of succession of skill in spite of decay of it. We found to a certain extent the direction for re-making Japanese production system facing the mega-competition and the perspective of next generations production system. We also understand the future system is difficult to realize. Because current manufacturing companies can stabilize the management with their mass-production, although they must have post-mass production system as a neccessary part. In the three newest plants of the car industry we found co-existance of labor work and advancing automation, modure production sytem, improvement of work and its environment, and new incentive systems. In the fiber and textile industry it is important to form "competitiveness as a industrial district (santi-seisanryoku)" and strengthen total competitiveness. The next generation's production and network system still depens on skilled workers, but they are disappearing. We are planning to press a book to publish our achievements.
日本企業における開発戦略と企業内外のシステム的統合化に関する研究(副題:研究開発・新製品開発と企業内組織・企業間関係のシステム的統合化について)

中野安, 川端望, 榎本里司, 植田浩史, 明石芳彦, 福田義孝

Offer Organization: 日本学術振興会

System: 科学研究費助成事業一般研究(B)

Category: 一般研究(B)

Institution: 大阪市立大学

1993 - 1994

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本研究の目的は、1)開発システムが競争力の要であり日本企業の優位性の源泉であるとすれば、日本における製品開発の実態、製品開発と研究・開発との関係を明らかにし、2)開発活動を軸に、企業内外の諸活動・組織がシステム的に統合されてきたとすれば、その統合形態を析出することである。研究の結果、1.日本企業の研究開発は、画期的製品の開発よりも、既存コンセプトの実用化や既存製品の飛躍的改良を成し遂げる上で重要である。今後は、長期企業戦略と整合的な技術戦略を明確にすることが重要と論じられる。2.市場における競争的地位と研究開発活動の相関関係から、研究開発活動が活発である電子産業においても、競争的地位によって研究開発活動の内実がかなり異なることを明らかにした。3.トヨタ自動車での原価企画の展開を分析し、原価企画は、原価低減の手段・技法から総費用管理の概念装置と位置づけられることを明らかにした。4.自動車の製品開発を自動車メーカーと同部品メーカーとの開発プロセスにおける相互開発体制などから検討し、開発プロセスの早い段階から部品メーカーが参加することが開発の効率性を高める上で寄与していることを明らかにした。5.鉄鋼業の高炉メーカーは、大手ユーザーとの継続的取引関係を前提に製品開発し、ユーザーの複数購買政策を通じて技術水準を向上させたが、高炉メーカー間の同質的な開発競争を増長させ、開発コストの負担など製造コスト全般を反映した製品単価の引き上げを実現できなかったため自らの業績を悪化させたと論証している。6.発展の理由と課題を示した。7.小売企業による独自企画商品・製品開発の展開を分析し、価格切下げ型が支配的になる条件と制約条件を明示した。8.1980年代までは有効に機能し、企業利益にも貢献した日本企業の開発システムが岐路にあることを明らかにした。

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Teaching Experience 7

先進鉄鋼工学　東北大学大学院工学研究科
Japanese Economy　Graduate School of Economics and Management, Tohoku University
Japanese Economy　Faculty of Economics, Tohoku University Undergraduate (specialized)
Industrial Development　Graduate School of Economics and Management, Tohoku University Postgraduate
日本経済特別講義　上海外語大学日本文化経済学院 Undergraduate (specialized)
Theory of Firm　Faculty of Economics, Tohoku University Undergraduate (specialized)
Economics of Industry　Graduate School of Economics and Management Postgraduate

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Social Activities 1

東アジア鉄鋼業の研究書川端・東北大助教授が刊行鉄鋼協会が研究助成

2006/01/24 -

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東北大学大学院経済学研究科の川端望・助教授が東アジア鉄鋼業研究をまとめた「東アジア鉄鋼業の構造とダイナミズム」をミネルヴァ書房から刊行した。

Media Coverage 4

USスチール買収完了、喜んでいいのか？「落ち着いた方がいい」と川端望教授が語る「日本雇用への懸念」

東京新聞

2025/06/21

Type: Newspaper, magazine

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１）日本製鉄の経営グローバル化は前進した。ただし、獲得した資産は玉石混交。２）USスチールの経営を立て直すことは容易ではない。米国の人的資源管理と日本的雇用慣行をミックスした新たな挑戦が始まる。３）USスチールは、株主利益のためにM&Aや工場閉鎖ばかりしてきた経営から、政治に求められて設備投資をする経営に変わる。４）日本の読者は、国別対抗スポーツのように日鉄を応援するよりも、落ち着いて、雇用や脱炭素について日鉄が日本社会に貢献しているかどうかに関心を持った方がいい。
中国鉄鋼改革の実態構造変化と今後の着眼点東北大学大学院経済学研究科川端望教授・銀迪氏

産業新聞社　日刊産業新聞

2020/10/19

Type: Newspaper, magazine
ベトナム鉄鋼業の変遷と展望

日刊市況通信社

2016/11/01

Type: Newspaper, magazine
第30回東北大サイエンスカフェベトナムから見える発展途上国経済とグローバリゼーションの真実

河北新報

2008/01

Type: Newspaper, magazine

Academic Activities 13

アジア経営研究

2023 - 2024

Activity type: Peer review
アジア経営研究

2021 - 2022

Activity type: Peer review
アジア経営研究

2019 - 2020

Activity type: Peer review
アジア経営研究

2018 - 2019

Activity type: Peer review
アジア経営研究

2017 - 2018

Activity type: Peer review
アジア経済

Activity type: Peer review
イノベーション・マネジメント

Activity type: Peer review
研究年報『経済学』

Activity type: Peer review
社会システム研究

Activity type: Peer review
企業家研究

Activity type: Peer review
経営史学

Activity type: Peer review
ISIJ International

Activity type: Peer review
産業学会研究年報

Activity type: Peer review

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Other 7

東アジア鉄鋼業における技術選択の技術的・経済的根拠と持続可能性に関する研究

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東アジア鉄鋼業における技術選択の技術的・経済的根拠と持続可能性。
中国大連市におけるソフトウェア・情報サービス産業クラスターの発展：日中ITビジネス・ネットワークを通した共生社会への展望

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中国大連市におけるソフトウェア・情報サービス産業クラスターの発展の研究を通して，日中ITビジネス・ネットワークを通した共生社会を展望する。
中国東北部における知識集約社会の形成と若年人材の国際移動

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本研究は、中国東北部におけるソフトウェア・情報サービス産業の発展において若年層の日本経験が果たす役割を事例として、若年人材の国際移動が低炭素型知識集約社会の形成に貢献する可能性と条件を研究するものである。同地域では、中国の若者が日本への留学・就職などの移動によって技術や経営の能力を身につけ、帰国したことが、産業形成に影響を与えていると思われる。また、ひとたび産業が形成された後も、中国企業にはたらく管理者・技術者が日本での開発プロジェクトに参画したり、中国企業が日本支社を開設して人材を派遣したり、中国人留学生を採用したりするなど、国際移動を通した能力形成が行われていると思われる。本研究はその実態を、技術者・経営者層の世代の違い、家族形態や家族意識の影響などを踏まえながら社会学的に分析する。これにより、新興国の低炭素型知識集約社会への移行の可能性と条件を解明することができるであろう。
カーボンチェーンの革新による低炭素型産業発展の探究

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カーボンチェーンの革新による低炭素型産業発展を探求する。カーボンチェーンとは、産業連関をCO2排出とその削減という観点からとらえたものである。
中国のコークス産業・鉄鋼業における温室効果ガス削減と省エネルギーの技術的・経済的可能性に関する研究

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中国のコークス産業・鉄鋼業における温室効果ガス削減と省エネルギーの技術的・経済的可能性に関する研究
社会階層と不平等教育研究拠点の世界的展開

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社会階層と不平等教育の研究拠点を世界的展開し、とくに若手研究者の育成に力を注ぐ。
中国山西省のコークス・製鉄業における温室効果ガス削減と省エネルギーの技術的・経済的可能性に関する研究

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中国山西省のコークス・製鉄業における温室効果ガス削減と省エネルギーの技術的・経済的可能性を、産業組織の変動、経営発展、クリーン開発メカニズムの適用可能性を中心に研究する。

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