TOHOKU UNIVERSITY Researchers - Kenichiro Tsutsui

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Kenichiro Tsutsui

Section

Graduate School of Life Sciences

Job title

Professor

Degree

PhD (University of Tokyo)

researchmap

https://researchmap.jp/kenichirotsutsui

J-GLOBAL ID

200901017150085517

e-Rad No.

90396466

Profile

東京大学卒業、同大学院博士課程修了・博士（心理学）。日本学術振興会特別研究員（日本大学医学部生理学教室所属）、ケンブリッジ大学解剖学科助手を経て、2005年東北大学大学院生命科学研究科助教授。2007年新職階制移行のため同准教授。2017年同教授。専門は、神経生理学、生理心理学。2003年度日本神経科学学会奨励賞受賞。2009年度日本心理学会国際賞奨励賞。

Research History 5

2017 - Present

Tohoku University　Graduate School of Life Sciences
2007 - 2017

Tohoku University　Graduate School of Life Sciences
2005 - 2007

Tohoku University　Graduate School of Life Sciences
2002 - 2005

ケンブリッジ大学　解剖学　助手（Research Associate）
1999 - 2002

日本学術振興会　特別研究員（PD）

Professional Memberships 4

日本神経科学学会
北米神経科学学会
日本心理学会
日本生理学会

Research Interests 13

皮質表面電位（ECoG）
シングル・マルチユニット記録
長期記憶
作業記憶
意思決定
内側前頭皮質
情動・気分
報酬系
経頭蓋磁気刺激（TMS）
頭頂連合野
予測・推論・カテゴリ
前頭連合野
マカクサル

Research Areas 5

Humanities & social sciences / Cognitive sciences /
Humanities & social sciences / Experimental psychology /
Life sciences / Neuroscience - general /
Life sciences / Physiology /
Life sciences / Nervous system function /

Awards 2

国際賞奨励賞

2009　日本心理学会
奨励賞

2003　日本神経科学学会

Papers 67

Anterior cingulate cortex projections to the amygdala in primates: topographic and layer-specific organization underlying emotion and mood regulation

Kei Kimura, Yuki Soga, Rintaro Yoshino, Andi Zheng, Satoshi Nonomura, Gaoge Yan, Soshi Tanabe, Shinya Nakamura, Shinya Ohara, Ken-ichi Inoue, Masahiko Takada, Ken-Ichiro Tsutsui

Journal of Neuroscience　e0671262026-e0671262026　2026/08/14
Publisher: Society for Neuroscience
DOI： 10.1523/jneurosci.0671-26.2026 　

ISSN： 0270-6474

eISSN： 1529-2401

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Emotion and mood regulation critically depends on interactions between the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and the amygdala. However, the detailed architecture of ACC projections to their major targets, the basal (BA) and accessory (AcBA) basal nuclei of the amygdala, remains unclear. To address this issue, a combined retrograde and anterograde tracing with viral vectors were performed in macaques of either sex to map the projection patterns from the pregenual (pgACC), subgenual (sgACC), and dorsal (dACC) subareas. Data revealed that ACC neurons projecting to the BA arose predominantly from the superficial layers (II/III) of all subareas and the deep layers (V/VI) of the sgACC, whereas ACC neurons projecting to the AcBA originated mainly in the deep layers of the sgACC and dACC. The present study defines the topographic and layer-specific organization of ACC–amygdala connectivity in primates and subserves to provide an anatomical basis for future causal and translational approaches, such as targeted interventions against ACC-related mood disorders. Significance Statement Emotion and mood regulation critically depends on interactions between the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and the amygdala, and their dysfunctions have been implicated in mood disorders such as depression. However, the detailed organization of primate ACC–amygdala circuitry remains to be fully understood. Notably, the existence of projections from the pregenual ACC (pgACC) to the basal nucleus of the amygdala (BA) has been controversial. Using viral vector-based neural tracings in macaques, we have identified a distinct pgACC–BA pathway and shown that this pathway arises predominantly from the superficial layers of the cortex. Such unexpected laminar origin, atypical for cortico–subcortical projections, reveals a previously unrecognized circuit architecture and challenges prevailing models of cortico–amygdala linkage involved in mood disorders.
Dorsal-caudal and ventral hippocampus target different cell populations in the medial frontal cortex in rodents

Paola Alemán-Andrade, Menno P. Witter, Ken-Ichiro Tsutsui, Shinya Ohara

2024/10/22
Publisher: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory
DOI： 10.1101/2024.10.20.619325 　

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Direct projections from the ventral hippocampus (vHPC) to the medial frontal cortex (MFC) play crucial roles in memory and emotional regulation. Using anterograde transsynaptic tracing and in vitro electrophysiology in mice, we document a previously unexplored pathway that parallels the established vHPC-MFC connectivity. This pathway connects the dorsal-caudal hippocampus (dcHPC) to specific subregions of the ventral MFC, in particular the dorsal peduncular cortex. Notably, this pathway exerts a strong inhibitory influence on ventral MFC by targeting a substantial proportion of inhibitory neurons. Retrograde transsynaptic tracing in rats indicated that ventral MFC subregions project disynaptically back to vHPC. These results, altogether, suggest the existence of a remarkable functional circuit connecting distinct functional areas: the cognition-related dcHPC with the emotion-related ventral MFC and vHPC. These findings further provide valuable insights in the cognitive and emotional abnormalities associated with the HPC-MFC connectivity in neurological and psychiatric disorders.
Rat hippocampal CA1 region represents learning-related action and reward events with shorter latency than the lateral entorhinal cortex. International-journal

Shogo Soma, Shinya Ohara, Satoshi Nonomura, Naofumi Suematsu, Junichi Yoshida, Eva Pastalkova, Yutaka Sakai, Ken-Ichiro Tsutsui, Yoshikazu Isomura

Communications biology　6　(1)　584-584　2023/05/31

DOI： 10.1038/s42003-023-04958-0 　

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The hippocampus and entorhinal cortex are deeply involved in learning and memory. However, little is known how ongoing events are processed in the hippocampal-entorhinal circuit. By recording from head-fixed rats during action-reward learning, here we show that the action and reward events are represented differently in the hippocampal CA1 region and lateral entorhinal cortex (LEC). Although diverse task-related activities developed after learning in both CA1 and LEC, phasic activities related to action and reward events differed in the timing of behavioral event representation. CA1 represented action and reward events almost instantaneously, whereas the superficial and deep layers of the LEC showed a delayed representation of the same events. Interestingly, we also found that ramping activity towards spontaneous action was correlated with waiting time in both regions and exceeded that in the motor cortex. Such functional activities observed in the entorhinal-hippocampal circuits may play a crucial role for animals in utilizing ongoing information to dynamically optimize their behaviors.
Hippocampal-medial entorhinal circuit is differently organized along the dorsoventral axis in rodents

Shinya Ohara, Märt Rannap, Ken-Ichiro Tsutsui, Andreas Draguhn, Alexei V. Egorov, Menno P. Witter

Cell Reports　42　(1)　112001-112001　2023/01
Publisher: Elsevier BV
DOI： 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112001 　

ISSN： 2211-1247
Depression induced by low-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation to ventral medial frontal cortex in monkeys

Shinya Nakamura, Yodai Kishimoto, Masaki Sekino, Motoaki Nakamura, Ken-Ichiro Tsutsui

Experimental Neurology　357　114168-114168　2022/11
Publisher: Elsevier BV
DOI： 10.1016/j.expneurol.2022.114168 　

ISSN： 0014-4886
Monkey Prefrontal Single-Unit Activity Reflecting Category-Based Logical Thinking Process and Its Neural Network Model. International-journal

Takayuki Hosokawa, Muyuan Xu, Yuichi Katori, Munekazu Yamada, Kazuyuki Aihara, Ken-Ichiro Tsutsui

The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience　2022/07/08

DOI： 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2286-21.2022 　

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Category-based thinking is a fundamental form of logical thinking. Here, we aimed to investigate its neural process at the local circuit level in the prefrontal cortex (PFC). We recorded single-unit PFC activity while male monkeys (Macaca fuscata) performed a task in which the category and rule were prerequisites of logical thinking and the outcome contingency was its consequence. Different groups of neurons coded a single type of information discretely or multiple types in a transitional form. Results of time-by-time analysis of neuronal activity suggest an information flow from category-coding and rule-coding neurons to transitional intermediate neurons, and then to contingency-coding neurons. Category-coding, rule-coding, and contingency-coding neurons showed stable coding of information, whereas intermediate neurons showed dynamic coding, as if it integrated category and rule to derive contingency. A similar process was confirmed by using a spiking neural network model that consisted of subnetworks coding category and rule on the input layer and those coding contingency on the output layer, with a subnetwork for integration in the intermediate layer. These results suggest that category-based logical thinking is realized in the PFC by separated neural populations organized for working in a feedforward manner.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTTo elucidate the neural process for logical thinking, we combined an in-depth analysis of single-unit activity data with a biologically plausible computational model. Results of time-by-time analysis of prefrontal neuronal activity suggest an information flow from category-coding and rule-coding neurons to transitional intermediate neurons, and then to contingency-coding neurons. Category-coding, rule-coding, and contingency-coding neurons showed stable coding, whereas intermediate neurons showed dynamic coding, as if they integrated category and rule to derive contingency. A spiking neural network model reproduced similar temporal changes of information as the recorded neuronal data. Our results suggest that the prefrontal cortex (PFC) is critically involved in category-based thought process, and this process may be produced by separated neural populations organized for working in a feedforward manner.
Hippocampal CA1 represents action and reward events instantly compared to the superficial and deep layers of the lateral entorhinal cortex

Shogo Soma, Shinya Ohara, Satoshi Nonomura, Junichi Yoshida, Naofumi Suematsu, Eva Pastalkova, Yutaka Sakai, Ken-Ichiro Tsutsui, Yoshikazu Isomura

2022/04/01
Publisher: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory
DOI： 10.1101/2022.03.31.485431 　

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Abstract The entorhinal cortex (EC) is the main interface between the hippocampus and the neocortex. The EC plays a critical role in learning and memory. We investigated the neuronal representation of behavioral events during operant learning in the hippocampal-entorhinal circuit of head-fixed rats. Both CA1 and lateral entorhinal cortex (LEC) neurons develop task-related activities after learning. Among diverse task-related activities, we compared the transient peak activities that represent action and reward and found a distinct difference in the timing of behavioral event representation between CA1 and LEC. CA1 represents action and reward events in close to real-time, whereas both the superficial and deep layers of the LEC showed delayed representation of those events. Our results suggest that subpopulations exist within which CA1 and LEC neurons process the information in a different order from the anatomically defined hippocampal-entorhinal circuit.
Laminar Organization of the Entorhinal Cortex in Macaque Monkeys Based on Cell-Type-Specific Markers and Connectivity

Shinya Ohara, Rintaro Yoshino, Kei Kimura, Taichi Kawamura, Soshi Tanabe, Andi Zheng, Shinya Nakamura, Ken-ichi Inoue, Masahiko Takada, Ken-Ichiro Tsutsui, Menno P. Witter

Frontiers in Neural Circuits　15　2021/12/07
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
DOI： 10.3389/fncir.2021.790116 　

eISSN： 1662-5110

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The entorhinal cortex (EC) is a major gateway between the hippocampus and telencephalic structures, and plays a critical role in memory and navigation. Through the use of various molecular markers and genetic tools, neuron types constituting EC are well studied in rodents, and their layer-dependent distributions, connections, and functions have also been characterized. In primates, however, such cell-type-specific understandings are lagging. To bridge the gap between rodents and primates, here we provide the first cell-type-based global map of EC in macaque monkeys. The laminar organization of the monkey EC was systematically examined and compared with that of the rodent EC by using immunohistochemistry for molecular markers which have been well characterized in the rodent EC: reelin, calbindin, and Purkinje cell protein 4 (PCP4). We further employed retrograde neuron labeling from the nucleus accumbens and amygdala to identify the EC output layer. This cell-type-based approach enabled us to apply the latest laminar definition of rodent EC to monkeys. Based on the similarity of the laminar organization, the monkey EC can be divided into two subdivisions: rostral and caudal EC. These subdivisions likely correspond to the lateral and medial EC in rodents, respectively. In addition, we found an overall absence of a clear laminar arrangement of layer V neurons in the rostral EC, unlike rodents. The cell-type-based architectural map provided in this study will accelerate the application of genetic tools in monkeys for better understanding of the role of EC in memory and navigation.
Changes in beta and high-gamma power in resting-state electrocorticogram induced by repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation of primary motor cortex in unanesthetized macaque monkeys

Yasutaka Honda, Shinya Nakamura, Kentaro Ogawa, Rintaro Yoshino, Philippe N. Tobler, Yukio Nishimura, Ken-Ichiro Tsutsui

Neuroscience Research　2021/03
Publisher: Elsevier BV
DOI： 10.1016/j.neures.2021.02.002 　

ISSN： 0168-0102
Entorhinal Layer II Calbindin-Expressing Neurons Originate Widespread Telencephalic and Intrinsic Projections International-journal Peer-reviewed

Shinya Ohara, Michele Gianatti, Kazuki Itou, Christin H. Berndtsson, Thanh P. Doan, Takuma Kitanishi, Kenji Mizuseki, Toshio Iijima, Ken Ichiro Tsutsui, Menno P. Witter

Frontiers in Systems Neuroscience　13　(54)　54-54　2019/10/15

DOI： 10.3389/fnsys.2019.00054 　

ISSN： 1662-5137
Primate prefrontal neurons signal economic risk derived from the statistics of recent reward experience Peer-reviewed

Fabian Grabenhorst, Ken Ichiro Tsutsui, Shunsuke Kobayashi, Wolfram Schultz

eLife　8　2019/07

DOI： 10.7554/eLife.44838 　

eISSN： 2050-084X
Behavioral evidence for the use of functional categories during group reversal task performance in monkeys Peer-reviewed

Takayuki Hosokawa, Yasutaka Honda, Munekazu Yamada, Maria del Carmen Romero, Toshio Iijima, Ken Ichiro Tsutsui

Scientific Reports　8　(1)　15878　2018/12/01

DOI： 10.1038/s41598-018-33349-3 　

eISSN： 2045-2322
Intrinsic Projections of Layer Vb Neurons to Layers Va, III, and II in the Lateral and Medial Entorhinal Cortex of the Rat Peer-reviewed

Shinya Ohara, Mariko Onodera, Øyvind W. Simonsen, Rintaro Yoshino, Hiroyuki Hioki, Toshio Iijima, Ken Ichiro Tsutsui, Menno P. Witter

Cell Reports　24　(1)　107-116　2018/07/03

DOI： 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.06.014 　

eISSN： 2211-1247
Sex differences in risk preference and c-Fos expression in paraventricular thalamic nucleus of rats during gambling task Peer-reviewed

Hironori Ishii, Mariko Onodera, Shinya Ohara, Ken Ichiro Tsutsui, Toshio Iijima

Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience　12　(68)　2018/04

DOI： 10.3389/fnbeh.2018.00068 　

ISSN： 1662-5153
Ventrolateral prefrontal cortex updates chosen value according to choice set size Peer-reviewed

Juri Fujiwara, Nobuo Usui, Satoshi Eifuku, Toshio Iijima, Masato Taira, Ken Ichiro Tsutsui, Philippe N. Tobler

Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience　30　(3)　307-318　2018/03/01

DOI： 10.1162/jocn_a_01207 　

ISSN： 0898-929X

eISSN： 1530-8898
Robust, highly customizable, and economical multi-channel electrode for chronic multi-unit recording in behaving animals Peer-reviewed

Yukina Tateyama, Kei Oyama, Masaru Shiraishi, Toshio Iijima, Ken Ichiro Tsutsui

Neuroscience Research　125　54-59　2017/12

DOI： 10.1016/j.neures.2017.07.003 　

ISSN： 0168-0102

eISSN： 1872-8111
Erratum: Author Correction: A dynamic code for economic object valuation in prefrontal cortex neurons (Nature communications (2016) 7 (12554)) Peer-reviewed

Ken Ichiro Tsutsui, Fabian Grabenhorst, Shunsuke Kobayashi, Wolfram Schultz

Nature communications　8　16175　2017/11/23

DOI： 10.1038/ncomms16175 　

eISSN： 2041-1723
Increased transgene expression level of rabies virus vector for transsynaptic tracing Peer-reviewed

Shinya Ohara, Yasuhiro Sota, Sho Sato, Ken Ichiro Tsutsui, Toshio Iijima

PLoS ONE　12　(7)　2017/07

DOI： 10.1371/journal.pone.0180960 　

ISSN： 1932-6203

eISSN： 1932-6203
Oral administration of methylphenidate (Ritalin) affects dopamine release differentially between the prefrontal cortex and striatum: A microdialysis study in the monkey Peer-reviewed

Tohru Kodama, Takashi Kojima, Yoshiko Honda, Takayuki Hosokawa, Ken Ichiro Tsutsui, Masataka Watanabe

Journal of Neuroscience　37　(9)　2387-2394　2017/03/01

DOI： 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2155-16.2017 　

ISSN： 0270-6474

eISSN： 1529-2401
The Role of Monkey Medial Frontal Cortex in the Regulation of Affect and Mood Examined by Repetitive Trans-cranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS)

Tsutsui Ken-Ichiro, Nakamura Shinya

Japanese Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine　57　(9)　916-921　2017
Publisher: Japanese Society of Psychosomatic Medicine
DOI： 10.15064/jjpm.57.9_916 　

ISSN： 0385-0307

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<p>TMS is a powerful tool for manipulating brain activity. However, how exactly it works still remains poorly understood. Here, we recorded electrocorticograms (ECoG) before and after repetitive trans-cranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS). We also recorded motor evoked potentials (MEP) evoked by single-pulse TMS before and after rTMS. After low-frequency (1 Hz) rTMS, MEP amplitude was suppressed and we observed a decrease in beta-band power of the ECoG ; conversely, after high-frequency (10 Hz) rTMS, MEP amplitude was enhanced and we observed an increase of gamma-band power in the ECoG. These results indicate that low-frequency and high-frequency rTMS induce systematic changes in the background cortical neural activity. We next examined the function of the medial frontal cortex (MFC) by applying low-frequency (1 Hz) rTMS inhibiting local neural activity. We used a double cone coil to stimulate the ventral part of the MFC including subgenual anterior cingulate cortex (sgACC), and figure-of-eight coil to stimulate only the dorsal part of MFC as control. Stimulation had a clear and profound impact on behavior only when a double-cone coil was used. Specifically the monkey exhibited changes in physiological and behavioral measures that indicated sustained depression of mood and emotion, such as elevated blood cortisol levels, decreased within-cage spontaneous activity, and social withdrawal (unwillingness to interact with research staff). These results reveal a critical involvement of the ventral part of MFC in the regulation of mood and motivation.</p>
Comparative overview of visuospatial working memory in monkeys and rats

Ken Ichiro Tsutsui, Kei Oyama, Shinya Nakamura, Toshio Iijima

Frontiers in Systems Neuroscience　10　(DEC)　99　2016/12/16

DOI： 10.3389/fnsys.2016.00099 　

ISSN： 1662-5137
A dynamic code for economic object valuation in prefrontal cortex neurons Peer-reviewed

Ken Ichiro Tsutsui, Fabian Grabenhorst, Shunsuke Kobayashi, Wolfram Schultz

Nature Communications　7　2016/09/13

DOI： 10.1038/ncomms12554 　

eISSN： 2041-1723
Similarity in neuronal firing regimes across mammalian species Peer-reviewed

Yasuhiro Mochizuki, Tomokatsu Onaga, Hideaki Shimazaki, Takeaki Shimokawa, Yasuhiro Tsubo, Rie Kimura, Akiko Saiki, Yutaka Sakai, Yoshikazu Isomura, Shigeyoshi Fujisawa, Ken Ichi Shibata, Daichi Hirai, Takahiro Furuta, Takeshi Kaneko, Susumu Takahashi, Tomoaki Nakazono, Seiya Ishino, Yoshio Sakurai, Takashi Kitsukawa, Jong Won Lee, Hyunjung Lee, Min Whan Jung, Cecilia Babul, Pedro E. Maldonado, Kazutaka Takahashi, Fritzie I. Arce-McShane, Callum F. Ross, Barry J. Sessle, Nicholas G. Hatsopoulos, Thomas Brochier, Alexa Riehle, Paul Chorley, Sonja Grün, Hisao Nishijo, Satoe Ichihara-Takeda, Shintaro Funahashi, Keisetsu Shima, Hajime Mushiake, Yukako Yamane, Hiroshi Tamura, Ichiro Fujita, Naoko Inaba, Kenji Kawano, Sergei Kurkin, Kikuro Fukushima, Kiyoshi Kurata, Masato Taira, Ken Ichiro Tsutsui, Tadashi Ogawa, Hidehiko Komatsu, Kowa Koida, Keisuke Toyama, Barry J. Richmond, Shigeru Shinomoto

Journal of Neuroscience　36　(21)　5736-5747　2016/05/25

DOI： 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0230-16.2016 　

ISSN： 0270-6474

eISSN： 1529-2401
Neck collar for restraining head and body movements in rats for behavioral task performance and simultaneous neural activity recording Peer-reviewed

Yukina Tateyama, Kei Oyama, Cheuk Wa Christopher Lo, Toshio Iijima, Ken Ichiro Tsutsui

Journal of Neuroscience Methods　263　68-74　2016/04

DOI： 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2016.02.005 　

ISSN： 0165-0270

eISSN： 1872-678X
Representation of functional category in the monkey prefrontal cortex and its rule-dependent use for behavioral selection Peer-reviewed

Ken Ichiro Tsutsui, Takayuki Hosokawa, Munekazu Yamada, Toshio Iijima

Journal of Neuroscience　36　(10)　3038-3048　2016/03/09

DOI： 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2063-15.2016 　

ISSN： 0270-6474

eISSN： 1529-2401
Discrete coding of stimulus value, reward expectation, and reward prediction error in the dorsal striatum Peer-reviewed

Kei Oyama, Yukina Tateyama, István Hernádi, Philippe N. Tobler, Toshio Iijima, Ken Ichiro Tsutsui

Journal of Neurophysiology　114　(5)　2600-2615　2015/11/06

DOI： 10.1152/jn.00097.2015 　

ISSN： 0022-3077

eISSN： 1522-1598
Dopamine and glutamate release in the anterior default system during rest: A monkey microdialysis study Peer-reviewed

Tohru Kodama, Kazuo Hikosaka, Yoshiko Honda, Takashi Kojima, Ken ichiro Tsutsui, Masataka Watanabe

Behavioural Brain Research　294　194-197　2015/11/01

DOI： 10.1016/j.bbr.2015.08.013 　

ISSN： 0166-4328

eISSN： 1872-7549
Effects of G-gene deletion and replacement on rabies virus vector gene expression Peer-reviewed

Sho Sato, Shinya Ohara, Ken Ichiro Tsutsui, Toshio Iijima

PLoS ONE　10　(5)　e0128020　2015/05/29

DOI： 10.1371/journal.pone.0128020 　

ISSN： 1932-6203

eISSN： 1932-6203
Dopaminergic and serotonergic modulation of anterior insular and orbitofrontal cortex function in risky decision making Peer-reviewed

Hironori Ishii, Shinya Ohara, Philippe N. Tobler, Ken Ichiro Tsutsui, Toshio Iijima

Neuroscience Research　92　53-61　2015/03/01

DOI： 10.1016/j.neures.2014.11.009 　

ISSN： 0168-0102

eISSN： 1872-8111
Rabies virus vector transgene expression level and cytotoxicity improvement induced by deletion of glycoprotein gene Peer-reviewed

Shinya Ohara, Sho Sato, Kei Oyama, Ken Ichiro Tsutsui, Toshio Iijima

PLoS ONE　8　(11)　e80245　2013/11/07

DOI： 10.1371/journal.pone.0080245 　

eISSN： 1932-6203
Organization of multisynaptic inputs to the dorsal and ventral dentate gyrus: Retrograde trans-synaptic tracing with rabies virus vector in the rat Peer-reviewed

Shinya Ohara, Sho Sato, Ken-Ichiro Tsutsui, Menno P. Witter, Toshio Iijima

PLoS ONE　8　(11)　e78928　2013/11/06

DOI： 10.1371/journal.pone.0078928 　

ISSN： 1932-6203
Value of freedom to choose encoded by the human brain Peer-reviewed

Juri Fujiwara, Nobuo Usui, Soyoung Q. Park, Tony Williams, Toshio Iijima, Masato Taira, Ken-Ichiro Tsutsui, Philippe N. Tobler

JOURNAL OF NEUROPHYSIOLOGY　110　(8)　1915-1929　2013/10

DOI： 10.1152/jn.01057.2012 　

ISSN： 0022-3077

eISSN： 1522-1598
Long-lasting single-neuron labeling by in vivo electroporation without microscopic guidance Peer-reviewed

Kei Oyama, Shinya Ohara, Sho Sato, Fuyuki Karube, Fumino Fujiyama, Yoshikazu Isomura, Hajime Mushiake, Toshio Iijima, Ken-Ichiro Tsutsui

Journal of Neuroscience Methods　218　(2)　139-147　2013/09/15

DOI： 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2013.06.004 　

ISSN： 0165-0270 1872-678X
Risk taking and the insular cortex Peer-reviewed

Hironori Ishii, Ken-Ichiro Tsutsui, Toshio Iijima

Brain and Nerve　65　(8)　965-972　2013/08

ISSN： 1881-6096
Inactivating Anterior Insular Cortex Reduces Risk Taking Peer-reviewed

Hironori Ishii, Shinya Ohara, Philippe N. Tobler, Ken-Ichiro Tsutsui, Toshio Iijima

JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE　32　(45)　16031-16039　2012/11

DOI： 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2278-12.2012 　

ISSN： 0270-6474
Attentional capture without awareness in complex visual tasks Peer-reviewed

Yasuhiro Seya, Ken-Ichiro Tsutsui, Katsumi Watanabe, Kenji Kimura

Perception　41　(5)　517-531　2012

DOI： 10.1068/p7048 　

ISSN： 0301-0066
Effect of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation on rectal function and emotion in humans Peer-reviewed

Yuuichi Aizawa, Joe Morishita, Michiko Kano, Takayuki Mori, Shin-Ichi Izumi, Kenichiro Tsutsui, Toshio Iijima, Motoyori Kanazawa, Shin Fukudo

JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY　46　(9)　1071-1080　2011/09

DOI： 10.1007/s00535-011-0423-9 　

ISSN： 0944-1174

eISSN： 1435-5922
Effect of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation on rectal function and emotion in humans Peer-reviewed

Aizawa Yuuichi, Morishita Joe, Kano Michiko, Mori Takayuki, Izumi Shin-Ichi, Tsutsui Kenichiro, Iijima Toshio, Kanazawa Motoyori, Fukudo Shin

NEUROSCIENCE RESEARCH　71　E262　2011

DOI： 10.1016/j.neures.2011.07.1145 　

ISSN： 0168-0102
Reward Prediction Error Coding in Dorsal Striatal Neurons Peer-reviewed

Kei Oyama, Istvan Hernadi, Toshio Iijima, Ken-Ichiro Tsutsui

JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE　30　(34)　11447-11457　2010/08

DOI： 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1719-10.2010 　

ISSN： 0270-6474
Rule-dependent anticipatory activity in prefrontal neurons Peer-reviewed

Munekazu Yamada, Maria del Carmen Romero Pita, Toshio Iijima, Ken-Ichiro Tsutsui

NEUROSCIENCE RESEARCH　67　(2)　162-171　2010/06

DOI： 10.1016/j.neures.2010.02.011 　

ISSN： 0168-0102
Default Mode of Brain Activity Demonstrated by Positron Emission Tomography Imaging in Awake Monkeys: Higher Rest-Related than Working Memory-Related Activity in Medial Cortical Areas Peer-reviewed

Takashi Kojima, Hirotaka Onoe, Kazuo Hikosaka, Ken-ichiro Tsutsui, Hideo Tsukada, Masataka Watanabe

JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE　29　(46)　14463-14471　2009/11

DOI： 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1786-09.2009 　

ISSN： 0270-6474
Difference in the functional significance between the lemniscal and paralemniscal pathways in the perception of direction of single-whisker stimulation examined by muscimol microinjection Peer-reviewed

Shinya Nakamura, Takaaki Narumi, Ken-Ichiro Tsutsui, Toshio Iijima

NEUROSCIENCE RESEARCH　64　(3)　323-329　2009/07

DOI： 10.1016/j.neures.2009.04.005 　

ISSN： 0168-0102
Relating Neuronal Firing Patterns to Functional Differentiation of Cerebral Cortex Peer-reviewed

Shigeru Shinomoto, Hideaki Kim, Takeaki Shimokawa, Nanae Matsuno, Shintaro Funahashi, Keisetsu Shima, Ichiro Fujita, Hiroshi Tamura, Taijiro Doi, Kenji Kawano, Naoko Inaba, Kikuro Fukushima, Sergei Kurkin, Kiyoshi Kurata, Masato Taira, Ken-Ichiro Tsutsui, Hidehiko Komatsu, Tadashi Ogawa, Kowa Koida, Jun Tanji, Keisuke Toyama

PLOS COMPUTATIONAL BIOLOGY　5　(7)　e1000433　2009/07

DOI： 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1000433 　

ISSN： 1553-734X
Segregated and Integrated Coding of Reward and Punishment in the Cingulate Cortex Peer-reviewed

Juri Fujiwara, Philippe N. Tobler, Masato Taira, Toshio Iijima, Ken-Ichiro Tsutsui

JOURNAL OF NEUROPHYSIOLOGY　101　(6)　3284-3293　2009/06

DOI： 10.1152/jn.90909.2008 　

ISSN： 0022-3077
A parametric relief signal in human ventrolateral prefrontal cortex Peer-reviewed

Juri Fujiwara, Philippe N. Tobler, Masato Taira, Toshio Iijima, Ken-Ichiro Tsutsui

NEUROIMAGE　44　(3)　1163-1170　2009/02

DOI： 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2008.09.050 　

ISSN： 1053-8119
Dual transneuronal tracing in the rat entorhinal-hippocampal circuit by intracerebral injection of recombinant rabies virus vectors Peer-reviewed

Shinya Ohara, Ken-ichi Inoue, Masahiro Yamada, Takuma Yamawaki, Noriko Koganezawa, Ken-Ichiro Tsutsui, Menno P. Witter, Toshio Iijima

FRONTIERS IN NEUROANATOMY　3　1　2009/01

DOI： 10.3389/neuro.05.001.2009 　

ISSN： 1662-5129
Significance of the deep layers of entorhinal cortex for transfer of both perirhinal and amygdala inputs to the hippocampus Peer-reviewed

Noriko Koganezawa, Ayaka Taguchi, Takashi Tominaga, Shinya Ohara, Ken-Ichiro Tsutsui, Menno P. Witter, Toshio Iijima

NEUROSCIENCE RESEARCH　61　(2)　172-181　2008/06

DOI： 10.1016/j.neures.2008.02.007 　

ISSN： 0168-0102
Personality-dependent dissociation of absolute and relative loss processing in orbitofrontal cortex Peer-reviewed

Juri Fujiwara, Philippe N. Tobler, Masato Taira, Toshio Iijima, Ken-Ichiro Tsutsui

EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE　27　(6)　1547-1552　2008/03

DOI： 10.1111/j.1460-9568.2008.06096.x 　

ISSN： 0953-816X
Domain-related differentiation of working memory in the Japanese macaque (Macaca fuscata) frontal cortex: a positron emission tomography study Peer-reviewed

T. Kojima, H. Onoe, K. Hikosaka, K. Tsutsui, H. Tsukada, M. Watanabe

EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE　25　(8)　2523-2535　2007/04

DOI： 10.1111/j.1460-9568.2007.05504.x 　

ISSN： 0953-816X
Impairment of the discrimination of the direction of single-whisker stimulation induced by the lemniscal pathway lesion Peer-reviewed

Takaaki Narumi, Shinya Nakamura, Ichiro Takashima, Shinji Kakei, Ken-Ichiro Tsutsui, Toshio Iijima

NEUROSCIENCE RESEARCH　57　(4)　579-586　2007/04

DOI： 10.1016/j.neures.2007.01.003 　

ISSN： 0168-0102
Odor-driven activity in the olfactory cortex of an in vitro isolated guinea pig whole brain with olfactory epithelium Peer-reviewed

Takahiro Ishikawa, Takaaki Sato, Akira Shimizu, Ken-Ichiro Tsutsui, Marco de Curtis, Toshio Iijima

JOURNAL OF NEUROPHYSIOLOGY　97　(1)　670-679　2007/01

DOI： 10.1152/jn.01366.2005 　

ISSN： 0022-3077
Neural mechanisms of three-dimensional vision Peer-reviewed

KI Tsutsui, M Taira, H Sakata

NEUROSCIENCE RESEARCH　51　(3)　221-229　2005/03

DOI： 10.1016/j.neures.2004.11.006 　

ISSN： 0168-0102
Design of a head fixation device for experiments in behaving monkeys Peer-reviewed

M Isoda, K Tsutsui, N Katsuyama, T Naganuma, N Saito, Y Furusawa, H Mushiake, M Taira, J Tanji

JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE METHODS　141　(2)　277-282　2005/02

DOI： 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2004.07.003 　

ISSN： 0165-0270
Toward an understanding of the neural processing for 3D shape perception Peer-reviewed

H Sakata, KI Tsutsui, M Taira

NEUROPSYCHOLOGIA　43　(2)　151-161　2005

DOI： 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2004.11.003 　

ISSN： 0028-3932
Short-term memory and perceptual decision for three-dimensional visual features in the caudal intraparietal sulcus (area CIP) Peer-reviewed

KI Tsutsui, M Jiang, H Sakata, M Taira

JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE　23　(13)　5486-5495　2003/07

ISSN： 0270-6474
Representation of the 3D world in art and in the brain Peer-reviewed

H Sakata, K Tsutsui, M Taira

COGNITION AND EMOTION IN THE BRAIN　1250　15-35　2003

ISSN： 0531-5131
Neural correlates for perception of 3D surface orientation from texture gradient Peer-reviewed

KI Tsutsui, H Sakata, T Naganuma, M Taira

SCIENCE　298　(5592)　409-412　2002/10

DOI： 10.1126/science.1074128 　

ISSN： 0036-8075
Integration of perspective and disparity cues in surface-orientation-selective neurons of area CIP Peer-reviewed

KI Tsutsui, M Jiang, K Yara, H Sakata, M Taira

JOURNAL OF NEUROPHYSIOLOGY　86　(6)　2856-2867　2001/12

ISSN： 0022-3077
Cortical areas related to attention to 3D surface structures based on shading: An fMRI study Peer-reviewed

M Taira, Nose, I, K Inoue, K Tsutsui

NEUROIMAGE　14　(5)　959-966　2001/11

DOI： 10.1006/nimg.2001.0895 　

ISSN： 1053-8119
Responses to task-irrelevant visual features by primate prefrontal neurons Peer-reviewed

J Lauwereyns, M Sakagami, KI Tsutsui, S Kobayashi, M Koizumi, O Hikosaka

JOURNAL OF NEUROPHYSIOLOGY　86　(4)　2001-2010　2001/10

ISSN： 0022-3077
A code for behavioral inhibition on the basis of color, but not motion, in ventrolateral prefrontal cortex of macaque monkey Peer-reviewed

M Sakagami, K Tsutsui, J Lauwereyns, M Koizumi, S Kobayashi, O Hikosaka

JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE　21　(13)　4801-4808　2001/07

ISSN： 0270-6474
Parietal neurons represent surface orientation from the gradient of binocular disparity Peer-reviewed

M Taira, KI Tsutsui, M Jiang, K Yara, H Sakata

JOURNAL OF NEUROPHYSIOLOGY　83　(5)　3140-3146　2000/05

ISSN： 0022-3077
Interference from irrelevant features on visual discrimination by macaques (Macaca fuscata): A behavioral analogue of the human stroop effect Peer-reviewed

Johan Lauwereyns, Masashi Koizumi, Masamichi Sakagami, Okihide Hikosaka, Shunsuke Kobayashi, Ken-Ichiro Tsutsui

Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior Processes　26　(3)　352-357　2000
Publisher: American Psychological Association Inc.
DOI： 10.1037/0097-7403.26.3.352 　

ISSN： 0097-7403
The hierarchical organization of decision making in the primate prefrontal cortex Peer-reviewed

M Sakagami, K Tsutsui

NEUROSCIENCE RESEARCH　34　(2)　79-89　1999/07

DOI： 10.1016/S0168-0102(99)00038-3 　

ISSN： 0168-0102
Neural representation of three-dimensional features of manipulation objects with stereopsis Peer-reviewed

Hideo Sakata, Masato Taira, Makoto Kusunoki, Akira Murata, Ken-Ichiro Tsutsui, Yuji Tanaka, Win Nyi Shein, Yukiko Miyashita

Experimental Brain Research　128　(1-2)　160-169　1999

DOI： 10.1007/s002210050831 　

ISSN： 0014-4819
Neural coding of 3D features of objects for hand action in the parietal cortex of the monkey Peer-reviewed

Hideo Sakata, Masato Taira, Makoto Kusunoki, Akira Murata, Yuji Tanaka, Ken-Ichiro Tsutsui

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences　353　(1373)　1363-1373　1998
Publisher: Royal Society
DOI： 10.1098/rstb.1998.0290 　

ISSN： 0962-8436
Prefrontal cortex and behavior: Encoding of self-movement in dorsal prefrontal neurons Peer-reviewed

H Niki, K Tsutsui

EPILEPSIA　38　(s6)　35-39　1997

DOI： 10.1111/j.1528-1157.1997.tb00104.x 　

ISSN： 0013-9580

Show all ︎Show first 5

Misc. 49

Reward- and conditioned stimulus-related activity of rat striatal neurons are affected by time discounting

Kei Oyama, Istvan Hernadi, Toshio Iijima, Ken-Ichiro Tsutsui

NEUROSCIENCE RESEARCH　71　E372-E373　2011

DOI： 10.1016/j.neures.2011.07.1636 　

ISSN： 0168-0102
Odorant concentration sensitive neurons and spatial distribution of the neurons in the guinea pig anterior piriform cortex

Akira Shimizu, Jiani Wang, Shinya Ohara, Ken-Ichiro Tsutsui, Toshio Iijima

NEUROSCIENCE RESEARCH　71　E155-E155　2011

DOI： 10.1016/j.neures.2011.07.668 　

ISSN： 0168-0102
P2-v01 Visualization of the morphology and activity of specific projection neurons using rabies virus vector and voltage-sensitive probe

Shinya Ohara, Sho Sato, Ken-Ichiro Tsutsui, Toshio Iijima

NEUROSCIENCE RESEARCH　71　E207-E208　2011

DOI： 10.1016/j.neures.2011.07.899 　

ISSN： 0168-0102
Risk preference was affected by inactivation of rat anterior insular cortex and orbitofrontal cortex in the amount and delay gambling tasks

Hironori Ishii, Shinya Ohara, Ken-Ichiro Tsutsui, Toshio Iijima

NEUROSCIENCE RESEARCH　71　E371-E371　2011

DOI： 10.1016/j.neures.2011.07.1629 　

ISSN： 0168-0102
有効視野拡大訓練に伴う脳活動の変化

西村聡生, 月浦崇, 荻谷光晴, 木村賢治, 飯島敏夫, 川島隆太, 塩入諭, 筒井健一郎

基礎心理学研究　28　(2)　2010

ISSN： 0287-7651
Neural correlates of category-based prediction of outcome in the prefrontal cortex

Munekazu Yamada, Toshio Iijima, Ken-Ichiro Tsutsui

NEUROSCIENCE RESEARCH　68　E289-E289　2010

DOI： 10.1016/j.neures.2010.07.1283 　

ISSN： 0168-0102
Odor concentration dependent neuronal activities in the anterior piriform cortex

Akira Shimizu, Jiani Wang, Ken-ichiro Tsutsui, Toshio Iijima

NEUROSCIENCE RESEARCH　68　E388-E388　2010

DOI： 10.1016/j.neures.2010.07.1721 　

ISSN： 0168-0102
Reward prediction error coding in striatal neurons

Kei Oyama, Istvan Hernadi, Toshio Iijima, Ken-Ichiro Tsutsui

NEUROSCIENCE RESEARCH　68　E288-E289　2010

DOI： 10.1016/j.neures.2010.07.1282 　

ISSN： 0168-0102
The effects of dopamine receptor antagonists on the activity of striatal neurons in rats during a probabilistic Pavlovian conditioning task

Kei Oyama, Yosuke Matsumura, Istvan Hernadi, Toshio Iijima, Ken-Ichiro Tsutsui

NEUROSCIENCE RESEARCH　65　S234-S234　2009

DOI： 10.1016/j.neures.2009.09.1319 　

ISSN： 0168-0102
Organization of multisynaptic inputs to the dentate gyrus: Retrograde transneuronal tracing with rabies virus vector in the rat

Shinya Ohara, Takuma Yamawaki, Noriko Koganezawa, Ken-Ichiro Tsutsui, Menno P. Witter

NEUROSCIENCE RESEARCH　65　S234-S235　2009

DOI： 10.1016/j.neures.2009.09.1320 　

ISSN： 0168-0102
Learning-based modulation of odor-induced oscillatory activities in the anterior piriform cortex

Akira Shimizu, Ken-Ichiro Tsutsui, Toshio Iijima

NEUROSCIENCE RESEARCH　65　S210-S210　2009

DOI： 10.1016/j.neures.2009.09.1163 　

ISSN： 0168-0102
Categorical coding of stimulus-outcome association in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex

Munekazu Yamada, Yuta Sato, Maria del Carmen Romero Pita, Toshio Iijima, Ken-Ichiro Tsutsui

NEUROSCIENCE RESEARCH　65　S236-S236　2009

DOI： 10.1016/j.neures.2009.09.1328 　

ISSN： 0168-0102
Involvement of the lemniscal and paralemniscal pathways in the perception of direction and neuronal activity in the barrel cortex in rodent single-whisker stimulation

Shinya Nakamura, Takaaki Narumi, Shin-ichiro Yoshizato, Ken-Ichiro Tsutsui, Toshio Iijima

NEUROSCIENCE RESEARCH　65　S212-S213　2009

DOI： 10.1016/j.neures.2009.09.1177 　

ISSN： 0168-0102
中心課題遂行下における周辺視機能の訓練効果 (ヒューマン情報処理)

荻谷光晴, 西村聡生, 筒井健一郎

電子情報通信学会技術研究報告　109　(345)　7-10　2009
Publisher: 電子情報通信学会
ISSN： 0913-5685
Task-induced deactivation of the prefrontal and parietal areas in the monkey: A PET study

Masataka Watanabe, Takashi Kojima, Kazuo Hikosaka, Kenichiro Tsutsui, Hideo Tsukada, Hirotaka Onoe

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY　43　(3-4)　404-404　2008/06

ISSN： 0020-7594
Neural representation of reward

TSUTSUI Ken-Ichiro, WATANABE Masataka

Japanese Journal of Physiological Psychology and Psychophysiology　26　(1)　5-16　2008/04
Publisher: Japanese Society for Physiological Psychology and Psychophysiology
DOI： 10.5674/jjppp1983.26.5 　

ISSN： 0289-2405

More details Close

This paper reviews the latest findings and understandings concerning the reward system in the brain. Dopamine neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc) and ventral tegmental area (VTA) play key roles in the representation of reward, by projecting axons to other reward-related brain areas, such as the nucleus accumbens, dorsal striatum, limbic structures, and prefrontal cortex. While dopamine neurons are concerned with the detection of reward prediction error, nucleus accumbens and related limbic structures may play major roles in inducing hedonic feelings and pleasure from the reward. The dorsal striatum is involved in learning the value of a specific stimulus or action, and plays a major role in Pavlovian and instrumental conditioning. The prefrontal cortex is involved in short-and long-range reward expectancy, which serves as an incentive background for executing on-going action as well as organizing future behavior. It is also involved in evaluating possible behavioral options and planned actions, as well as in monitoring the outcome of actions, which may be critical for reward-based decision-making. (Japanese Journal of Physiological Psychology and Psychophysiology, 26 (1) : 5-16, 2008.)
Differential contribution of DLPFC and DFC neurons in inference

Munekazu Yamada, Yuta Sato, Toshio Iijima, Ken-Ichiro Tsutsui

NEUROSCIENCE RESEARCH　61　S193-S193　2008

ISSN： 0168-0102
Estimation of both target-reaching movement and target-holding posture from neuronal activity of the primate motor area

Hideaki Hirose, Kyuwan Choi, Ken-Ichiro Tsutsui, Yasuharu Koike, Yoshio Sakurai, Toshio Iijima

NEUROSCIENCE RESEARCH　61　S252-S252　2008

ISSN： 0168-0102
Organization of multisynaptic inputs from the perirhinal cortex to the hippocampus via deep layer of the entorhinal cortex

Shinya Ohara, Noriko Koganezawa, Ayaka Taguchi, Takurna Yamawaki, Ken-Ichiro Tsutsui, Witter Menno, Toshio Iijima

NEUROSCIENCE RESEARCH　61　S257-S257　2008

ISSN： 0168-0102

eISSN： 1872-8111
Representation of reward probability in the rat striatum

Kei Oyama, Istvan Hernadi, Toshio Iijima, Ken-Ichiro Tsutsui

NEUROSCIENCE RESEARCH　61　S120-S120　2008

ISSN： 0168-0102
Personality-dependent dissociation of absolute and relative loss processing in orbitofrontal cortex

Juri Fujiwara, Philippe Tobler, Masatu Taira, Toshio Ijima, Ken-Ichiro Tsutsui

NEUROSCIENCE RESEARCH　61　S119-S119　2008

ISSN： 0168-0102
Significance of the deep layers of entorhinal cortex for transfer of both sensory and emotional inputs to the hippocampus

Ayaka Taguchi, Norike Koganezawa, Takashi Tominaga, Shinya Ohara, Ken-ichiro Tsutsui, Witter Menno, Toshio Iijima

NEUROSCIENCE RESEARCH　61　S257-S257　2008

ISSN： 0168-0102
Odor representation in the anterior piriform cortex of an in vitro isolated whole brain with the olfactory epithelium

Akira Shimizu, Takahiro Ishikawa, Ken-Ichiro Tsutsui, Toshio Iijima

NEUROSCIENCE RESEARCH　58　S216-S216　2007

ISSN： 0168-0102
Involvement of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in inductive reasoning

Yuta Sato, Munekazu Yamada, Toshio Iijima, Ken-Ichiro Tsutsui

NEUROSCIENCE RESEARCH　58　S228-S228　2007

ISSN： 0168-0102
Representation of reward probability in the rat striatum

Kei Oyama, Eri Gemba, Toshio Iijima, Ken-Ichiro Tsutsui

NEUROSCIENCE RESEARCH　58　S229-S229　2007

ISSN： 0168-0102
A role of the lemniscal pathway in the single-whisker directional discrimination in rats

Shinya Nakamura, Takaaki Narumi, Shin-ichiro Yoshizato, Ken-Ichiro Tsutsui, Toshio Iijima

NEUROSCIENCE RESEARCH　58　S158-S158　2007

ISSN： 0168-0102
Performance of monkeys in a repeated group-reversal task requiring inductive reasoning

Munekazu Yamada, Yuta Sato, Toshio Iijima, Ken-Ichiro Tsutsui

NEUROSCIENCE RESEARCH　58　S229-S229　2007

ISSN： 0168-0102
Dual viral transneuronal tracing using recombinant rabies virus vectors

Shinya Ohara, Ken-ichi Inoue, Masahiro Yamada, Ken-Ichiro Tsutsui, Toshio Iijima

NEUROSCIENCE RESEARCH　58　S242-S242　2007

ISSN： 0168-0102
Role of lemniscal pathway in the single-whisker directional discrimination in rats

Shin-ya Nakamura, Takaaki Narumi, Ken-Ichiro Tsutsui, Toshio Iijima

NEUROSCIENCE RESEARCH　55　S156-S156　2006

ISSN： 0168-0102
Brain activation related to the evaluation of absolute and relative value of outcome

Juri Fujiwara, Masato Taira, Toshio Iijima, Ken-Ichiro Tsutsui

NEUROSCIENCE RESEARCH　55　S133-S133　2006

ISSN： 0168-0102
Double labeling of neurons by recombinant rabies virus vectors

Shinya Ohara, Ken-ichi Inoue, Masahiro Yamada, Ken-ichiro Tsutsui, Toshio Iijima

NEUROSCIENCE RESEARCH　55　S107-S107　2006

ISSN： 0168-0102
Regulation of hippocampal neurocircuit activity by glutamate transporter GLT-1

Noriko Koganezawa, Shinsuke Muraoka, Ken-Ichiro Tsutsui, Toshio Iijima

NEUROSCIENCE RESEARCH　55　S114-S114　2006

ISSN： 0168-0102
Odor-driven activity in the anterior piriform cortex of an in vitro isolated whole brain with the olfactory epithelium

Takahiro Ishikawa, Takaaki Sato, Akira Shimizu, Ken-ichiro Tsutsui, Toshio Iijima

NEUROSCIENCE RESEARCH　55　S251-S251　2006

ISSN： 0168-0102
CIP野と三次元視 (特集頭頂葉の新しい機能地図)

筒井健一郎

神経研究の進歩　48　(4)　583-591　2004/08
Publisher: 医学書院
DOI： 10.11477/mf.1431100213 　

ISSN： 0001-8724
視覚の大脳生理(頭頂葉)--空間の知覚と認知 (特集知覚と認知の大脳メカニズム)

筒井健一郎

神経研究の進歩　48　(2)　186-194　2004/04
Publisher: 医学書院
DOI： 10.11477/mf.1431100192 　

ISSN： 0001-8724
HELLO PSJ ケンブリッジ大学より

筒井健一郎

日本生理学雑誌　65　(4)　142-144　2003
Publisher: 日本生理学会
ISSN： 0031-9341
ランダムドットステレオグラムにおける平面の傾き知覚 : ドットの大きさと密度の影響(発表要旨,日本動物心理学会第61回大会・日本基礎心理学会第20回大会合同大会)

筒井健一郎, 泰羅雅登, 戸沢純子

基礎心理学研究　20　(2)　228-229　2002/03/31
Publisher: 日本基礎心理学会
DOI： 10.14947/psychono.KJ00004414071 　

ISSN： 0287-7651
二次元投影像から平面の三次元的傾きを判断する際の両眼視差情報の影響(発表要旨,日本動物心理学会第61回大会・日本基礎心理学会第20回大会合同大会)

戸沢純子, 筒井健一郎, 泰羅雅登

基礎心理学研究　20　(2)　231-231　2002/03/31
Publisher: 日本基礎心理学会
DOI： 10.14947/psychono.KJ00004414083 　

ISSN： 0287-7651
Monkeys perceive surface orientation from pictorial cues

TSUTSUI Ken-ichiro, TAIRA Masato

The Japanese Journal of Psychonomic Science　20　(1)　57-58　2001/09/30
Publisher: The Japanese Psychonomic Society
DOI： 10.14947/psychono.KJ00004413984 　

ISSN： 0287-7651

More details Close

In order to confirm that monkeys perceive surface orientation from pictorial cues of depth such as texture gradient in the same way as do humans, a monkey was trained to cross-match the orientation of a surface defined by the texture gradient and that of a surface defined by the disparity gradient. A transfer of learning was seen from the previous learning with 4 orientations to the new learning with another 4 orientations, suggesting that the monkey perceived surface orientation from the texture gradient.
3次元世界を見る脳のしくみ

泰羅雅登, 筒井健一郎

日本バーチャルリアリティ学会誌 = Journal of the Virtual Reality Society of Japan　6　(2)　100-107　2001/09/25

ISSN： 1342-6680
Brain mechanisms for time and space interval perception

Nose, I, K Inoue, K Tsutsui, Y Sakurai, H Niki, M Taira

NEUROIMAGE　13　(6)　S921-S921　2001/06

ISSN： 1053-8119
平面の傾き知覚における奥行き手がかりの統合 : 両眼視差と絵画的手がかり(研究発表G,VII.第19回大会発表要旨)

戸沢純子, 筒井健一郎, 泰羅雅登

基礎心理学研究　19　(2)　149-149　2001/03/31
Publisher: 日本基礎心理学会
DOI： 10.14947/psychono.KJ00004413949 　

ISSN： 0287-7651
G-10 サルも絵画的手掛かりから平面の傾きを知覚する(研究発表G,VII.第19回大会発表要旨)

筒井健一郎, 泰羅雅登

基礎心理学研究　19　(2)　149-149　2001/03/31
Publisher: 日本基礎心理学会
DOI： 10.14947/psychono.KJ00004413950 　

ISSN： 0287-7651
Neural mechanisms for the perception of surface orientation from texture and disparity gradient

KI Tsutsui, M Jiang, H Sakata, M Taira

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY　35　(3-4)　328-328　2000/06

ISSN： 0020-7594
Neural Mechanism for the Perception of Surface Orientation from Texture Gradient : Study by Single-unit Recording and Behavioral Analysis

TSUTSUI Ken-ichiro, TAIRA Masato, JIANG Min, SAKATA Hideo

59　(4)　157-165　2000/04/01

ISSN： 0029-0424
Contribution of the Parietal Cortex to the Perception of Surface Orientation : A Study Using Single unit Recording and Muscimol Reversible Functional Block

JIANG Min, SUTSUI Ken-ichiro, TAIRA Masato, SAKATA Hideo, YARA Kazuo

59　(3)　103-111　2000/03/01

ISSN： 0029-0424
Stroop-like interference on visual discrimination by primate prefrontal neurons

J Lauwereyns, M Sakagami, S Kobayashi, M Koizumi, K Tsutsui, O Hikosaka

EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE　12　83-83　2000

ISSN： 0953-816X
単一ニューロン活動からみた「心」--前頭前野と行動決定 (脳・心・進化) -- (脳のはたらきから心を考える)

坂上雅道, 筒井健一郎

生物の科学「遺伝」別冊　(11)　74-81　1999
Publisher: 裳華房
ISSN： 1340-7376
O-3-6 サルの前頭前野ニューロンの活動と筋運動感覚弁別課題(日本動物心理学会第56回大会発表要旨)

筒井健一郎, 二木宏明

動物心理学研究　46　(2)　98-98　1996
Publisher: 日本動物心理学会
ISSN： 0916-8419

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Research Projects 24

Neural Basis of Self-initiated brain function

Offer Organization: Japan Society for the Promotion of Science

System: Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research

Category: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (A)

Institution: Tohoku University

2024/04/01 - 2028/03/31
Understanding the neural process of producing motivation and spontaneity

Offer Organization: Japan Society for the Promotion of Science

System: Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research

Category: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (A)

Institution: Tohoku University

2023/04/01 - 2026/03/31
多様なこころを脳と身体性機能に基づいてつなぐ「自在ホンヤク機」の開発

筒井健一郎

Offer Organization: 科学技術振興機構

System: 戦略的な研究開発の推進ムーンショット型研究開発事業

Institution: 東北大学

2022 - 2026

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さまざまな場面でコミュニケーションを支援する「自在ホンヤク機」を開発し、多様な人々を包摂する社会をもたらします。神経科学・分子生命科学と、VR/AR・ロボット工学の分野の研究者が協力して、こころの状態を定量化する技術を研究するとともに、知覚・認知や運動機能への介入法を研究します。これらの成果を融合して開発する「自在ホンヤク機」は、個人、個人間、あるいは、数人から数十人程度の小グループを対象としてコミュニケーション支援を行います。
Administrative research on hyper-adaptability for overcoming body-brain dysfunction

Offer Organization: Japan Society for the Promotion of Science

System: Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research on Innovative Areas (Research in a proposed research area)

Category: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research on Innovative Areas (Research in a proposed research area)

Institution: The University of Tokyo

2019/06/28 - 2024/03/31
Mechanisms of body cognition and emotion inducing hyper-adaptability

Offer Organization: Japan Society for the Promotion of Science

System: Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research on Innovative Areas (Research in a proposed research area)

Category: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research on Innovative Areas (Research in a proposed research area)

Institution: The University of Tokyo

2019/06/28 - 2024/03/31
Understanding the configuration and dynamics of the brain network underlying emotion and social behavior

Offer Organization: Japan Society for the Promotion of Science

System: Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (A)

Category: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (A)

Institution: Tohoku University

2020/04/01 - 2023/03/31
Study of the monkey medial frontal cortex underlying resilience and effort

Tsutsui Ken-Ichiro

Offer Organization: Japan Society for the Promotion of Science

System: Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (A)

Category: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (A)

Institution: Tohoku University

2017/04/01 - 2020/03/31

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Following the inhibition of monkey ventral medial frontal cortex (vMFC) by low-frequency repetitive transcranial stimulation (lf-rTMS), we observed changes in behavior suggesting the decrease of resilience and effort, together with the increase of blood cortisol level. Such symptoms were ameliorated by the low-dose application of Ketamine, which is thought to be a fast-acting antidepressant. Neurotracing experiments using virus vectors revealed that vMFC is densely and topographically connected to amygdala and nucleus accumbens. These results suggest that the vMFC is playing a major role in controlling emotion and mood, and its dysfunction leads to depression.
International cooperation for promoting the study of adaptive circuit shift

Kobayashi Kazuto

Offer Organization: Japan Society for the Promotion of Science

System: Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research on Innovative Areas (Research in a proposed research area)

Category: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research on Innovative Areas (Research in a proposed research area)

Institution: Fukushima Medical University

2015/11/06 - 2019/03/31

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Here we applied our new strategy to manipulate specific neural types and pathways and to characterize dynamic changes of the neural circuit and aimed to elucidate the mechanisms underlying the development and transition of neural circuit during learning processes and the functional compensation of the circuit against neural injury. To achieve this purpose, we focused on the basic technology for neural circuit control (A01), development and transition of neural circuit for behavioral control (A02), and its impairment and recovery of the circuit (A03), organized 9 planned members, and further accepted publicly selected groups (35 groups for the first and second stages, respectively). Based on the integrated research activity including research supporting system, we promoted the interaction and collaboration between research groups.
Mechanisms underlying the functional shift of brain neural circuitry for behavioral adaptation

Kobayashi Kazuto

Offer Organization: Japan Society for the Promotion of Science

System: Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research on Innovative Areas (Research in a proposed research area)

Category: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research on Innovative Areas (Research in a proposed research area)

Institution: Fukushima Medical University

2014/07/10 - 2019/03/31

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Here we applied our new strategy to manipulate specific neural types and pathways and to characterize dynamic changes of the neural circuit and aimed to elucidate the mechanisms underlying the development and transition of neural circuit during learning processes and the functional compensation of the circuit against neural injury. To achieve this purpose, we focused on the basic technology for neural circuit control (A01), development and transition of neural circuit for behavioral control (A02), and its impairment and recovery of the circuit (A03), organized 9 planned members, and further accepted publicly selected groups (35 groups for the first and second stages, respectively). Based on the integrated research activity including research supporting system, we promoted the interaction and collaboration between research groups.
Functional dynamics of the cortical network regulating emotion and attention

TSUTSUI Ken-Ichiro, HOSOKAWA Takayuki, NAKAMURA Shinya

Offer Organization: Japan Society for the Promotion of Science

System: Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research on Innovative Areas (Research in a proposed research area)

Category: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research on Innovative Areas (Research in a proposed research area)

Institution: Tohoku University

2014/07/10 - 2019/03/31

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To elucidate the dynamics of cortical network for attention and emotion control, we conducted the manipulation of local brain activity by repetitive transcranial stimulation (rTMS), and the wide-range simultaneous electrophysiological recordings. Concerning the attention control and working memory, we dissociated the function of the dorsolateral prefrontal and dorsal premotor cortices, each being involved in the sensory and motor aspect of attention and working memory. Concerning the emotion and mood regulations, we found the critical role of the ventromedial frontal cortex. And it was suggested that the malfunction of the ventromedial frontal cortex may lead to emotion and mood disorders, such as major depression. And especially for the control of attention and working memory, it was suggested that the top-down information flow from the frontal to posterior cortices may be playing a critical role.
Neuroimaging of the mood change induced by rTMS: Primate model study

Tsutsui Ken-Ichiro, NAKAMURA Shinya

Offer Organization: Japan Society for the Promotion of Science

System: Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research Grant-in-Aid for Challenging Exploratory Research

Category: Grant-in-Aid for Challenging Exploratory Research

Institution: Tohoku University

2014/04/01 - 2017/03/31

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We applied low-frequency repetitive trans-cranial magnetic stimulation (lf-rTMS) to the ventral part of the medial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) in rhesus monkeys. After the stimulation, all these monkeys fell into a severe depressive state, which lasted for 1 - 3 days. Such state could be characterized by reduction of within-cage spontaneous activity, reduction of motivation to perform behavioral tasks, and increase in the blood cortisol level. On the other hand, similar stimulation on the posterior part of the anterior cingulate cortex (pACC), or any other cortical regions, did not induce such drastic change in mood. We performed functional MR imaging (fMRI) to measure the resting-state whole brain activity after lf-rTMS to vmPFC and pACC, and sham stimulation to vmPFC. The data is now being analyzed to reveal the difference of the brain activity between the depressive and normal state.
Brain mechanisms behind executive function: Uncovering operating principles of the mind by applying innovative techniques to the structural and functional organizations of neural circuits

Tsutsui Ken-Ichiro, FUJIWARA Juri

Offer Organization: Japan Society for the Promotion of Science

System: Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (S)

Category: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (S)

Institution: Tohoku University

2012/05/31 - 2017/03/31

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Using in-vivo single neuron electroporation technique that has been developed in our lab, we for the first time identified working-memory neurons histologically. As many of them project to striatum, it was suggested that the cortico-basal ganglia circuit may be playing an important role in the maintenance of working memory. By the world’s first transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) experiment using behaving monkeys, it was suggested that the prefrontal, parietal, and premotor cortices are forming different components of the working memory function, i.e., sensory, motor, and sensorimotor. Furthermore, by the detailed analysis of neural activity driven by computational models, it was suggested that there may be some specific circuits, such as integral and XOR logic, within the prefrontal cortex, which are dedicated for neural computations for decision making and logical thinking.
Comprehensive Brain Science Network

Kimura Minoru, Tanji Jun, Takada Masahiko, Nakamura Katsuki, Ohtsuka Toshihisa, Aoki Shigeki, Takao Hidemasa, Shimoji Keigo, Goto Masami, Yoshiura Takashi, Nakata Yasuhiro, Abe Osamu, Masumoto Tomohiko, Tokumaru Aya, Matsumura Akira, Kirino Eiji, Terada Hitoshi, Sato Noriko, Kasai Kiyoto, Hashimoto Ryota, Niwa Shin-ichi, Kato Tadafumi, Suzuki Michio, Shuji Iritani, Nemoto Kiyotaka, Tomita Hiroaki, Murayama Shigeo, Akatsu Hiroyasu, Takao Masaki, Saito Yuko, Bito Haruhiko, Yoshimura Yumiko, Matsuzaki Masanori, Furuta Toshiaki, Okado Haruo, Saito Izumu, Kaibuchi Kozo, Hasegawa Masato, Aiba Atsu, Shiina Nobuyuki, Igarashi Michihiro, Tomoki Nishioka, Watanabe Masahiko, Koike Masato, Sakagami Hiroyuki, Shigemoto Ryuichi, Fukazawa Yugo, Sakimura Kenji, Mori Hisashi, Mishina Masayoshi, Kobayashi Kazuto, Yanagawa Yuchio, Uemura Tadashi, Ishihara Takeshi, Nose Akinao, Iino Yuichi, Miyakawa Tsuyoshi, Takao Keizo, Mushiake Hajime, Katayama Norihiro, Tanaka Tetsu, Inoue Kazuhide, Okabe Shigeo, Kano Masanobu, Fujiyama Fumino, Isa Tadashi, Kageyama Ryoichiro, Fujita Ichiro, Yoshida Akira, Nishikawa Toru, Nukina Nobuyuki, Fukai Tomoki, Iwatsubo Takeshi, Yamamori Tetsuo, Okazawa Hitoshi, Tanaka Keiji, Kakigi Ryusuke, Tsuda Ichiro, Kitazawa Shigeru, Doya Kenji, Takahashi Ryosuke, Ikenaka Kazuhiro, Sobue Gen, Hasegawa Toshikazu, Ota Jun, Saitoe Minoru, Kadomatsu Kenji, Kida Satoshi, Manabe Toshiya, Tomita Taisuke, Iwata Atsushi, Murakami Ikuya, Tsutsui Ken-ichiro, Hanakawa Takashi, Hirai Hirokazu, Mima Tatsuya, Isomura Yoshikazu, Samejima Kazuyuki, Hoshi Eiji, Miyata Mariko, Yuzaki Michisuke, Tanaka Masaki, Fukata Masaki, Suzuki Kyoko, Kuba Hiroshi, Masu Masayuki, Kinoshita Makoto, Sugihara Izumi, Shirane Michiko, Yamamoto Nobuhiko, Nishijo Hisao, Nambu Atsushi, Takumi Toru, Yamashita Toshihide, Sakurai Takeshi, Tamamaki Nobuaki, Hata Yoshio, Harada Akihiro, Ozaki Norio, Sakai Katsuyuki, Kubo Yoshihiro, Nakazawa Takanobu, Tanaka Kenji, Takei Nobuyuki, Hitoshi Seiji, Takahiroa. Kato, Kato Fusao, Shirao Tomoaki, Taira Masato, Okano Hideyuki, Sekino Yuko, Okamoto Yasumasa, KOMATSU Hidehiko, Miyata Takaki, Takahashi Yoshiko, Nishida Shinya, Tominaga Makoto

Offer Organization: Japan Society for the Promotion of Science

System: Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research on Innovative Areas (Research in a proposed research area)

Category: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research on Innovative Areas (Research in a proposed research area)

Institution: Center for Novel Science Initatives, National Institutes of Natural Sciences

2010/04/01 - 2016/03/31

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The Comprehensive Brain Science Network (CSBN) provided individual researches supported by Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research with cutting-edge resources and technologies, such as model animals, postmortem brain tissue, optical technologies for imaging and manipulation, virus vectors and more. Support covered researches on neuron-specific genes and molecules, synapse, network system, brain functions in disease states and neuro-computation. Special support was directed to collaboration between different fields. Workshop was held to have joint symposia among fields of peoples, to have a special session to let neuroscience community members share knowledge of how current researches are supported in Japan and discuss about future. Graduate students and postdoctoral fellows were supported to visit other laboratories of different field in Japan and abroad and learn disciplines, and award those who presented high quality work the CBSN Prize. These supports promoted break through from conventional approaches and publication of a number of papers with very high quality.
柔軟な行動制御を司る前頭連合野神経機構の解明

筒井健一郎

Offer Organization: 日本学術振興会

System: 科学研究費助成事業新学術領域研究(研究領域提案型)

Category: 新学術領域研究(研究領域提案型)

Institution: 東北大学

2014/04/01 - 2015/03/31

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グループ逆転学習課題を遂行中のサルの前頭連合野の諸領域（背外側部（DLPFC）、背側部（DPFC）、腹外側部（VLPFC））の神経活動を、低頻度反復経頭蓋磁気刺激（低頻度rTMS）によって抑制したときの、課題遂行行動の変化を調べた。グループ逆転課題は、我々が独自に開発した課題であり、モデルベースおよびモデルフリーの行動制御過程を分離することができる。８つの抽象図形によって構成される刺激セットを、４つの刺激からなる２群に分け、それぞれの群は異なる結果（ジュースあるいは食塩水）を予告する条件刺激として、パブロフ型条件づけを行った。数十試行ごとに、刺激と結果の関係をすべて逆転させる「全体逆転」を繰り返すと、サルは常に同じ意味をもつ４つの刺激を「カテゴリ」（刺激の等価性に基づいたグループ）として認識するようになり、１つの刺激について逆転を察知すると、その他の刺激については、あらかじめ結果との関係が逆転することを予測して行動するようになった（モデルベース行動）。一方で、８つの刺激のうち４つしか刺激と結果の関係を逆転させない「部分逆転」においては、このカテゴリの情報が使えず、個別の刺激について新たに刺激と結果の関係を、時間をかけて学習するストラテジーをとった（モデルフリー行動）。 DLPFC、VLPFC に低頻度rTMSを与えた時には、全体逆転における課題成績が低下したが、部分逆転の課題成績には影響がなかった。一方、DPFC に低頻度rTMSを与えた時に、全体逆転、部分逆転ともに、課題成績への影響は認められなかった。この結果により、DLPFC および VLPFC は、モデルベース行動の制御に重要な役割を持っていることが明らかになった。一方、モデルフリー行動の制御には、前頭連合野を必要としないことが示唆された。
柔軟な行動選択を可能にする神経機構の解明

筒井健一郎

Offer Organization: 日本学術振興会

System: 科学研究費助成事業新学術領域研究(研究領域提案型)

Category: 新学術領域研究(研究領域提案型)

Institution: 東北大学

2012/04/01 - 2014/03/31

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ラットに、状況によって手がかり刺激に対して異なる反応を要求する、遅延順／逆反応課題を訓練した。通常の遅延反応課題では、手がかり刺激の位置を記憶しておき、遅延期間の終了後に、同方向に反応することが要求されるが、本研究で用いた課題では、ブロックごとに、手がかりと同じ方向のスパウトを舐める「順反応」か、手がかりと逆の方向のスパウトを舐める「逆反応」のいずれかを要求した。この課題では、文脈によって同じ手がかりに対して異なる反応をする必要があったが、数週間の訓練を行うと、ラットはこの課題を一定の正反応率で遂行することを学習した。課題を遂行中に、単一ニューロン活動を記録したところ、ラットの頭頂連合野には、手がかり刺激の位置をコードするニューロンと、運動の方向をコードするニューロンの２種類が分布していることが明らかになった。前者は頭頂連合野の後方部に、後者は前方部に、多く分布する傾向があった。運動の方向に選択的に反応するニューロンのほとんどは、記録半球と同側の方向のスパウトを舐める運動に選択的であった。舌の突出方向の偏位には、それと反対側のオトガイ舌筋を収縮させる必要がある（たとえば、舌を右前方に突き出すには、左側のオトガイ舌筋を収縮させる必要がある）ことから、これらのニューロン活動は、対側のオトガイ舌筋への運動指令に関係があると考えられた。現在、感覚性および運動性の情報をコードするニューロンのそれぞれを、蛍光タンパク質をコードしたプラスミドを注入して標識し、組織切片上で、それらを結ぶ局所神経回路の解析を行う実験をすすめており、今後は、同じ刺激に対し、文脈によって異なる運動を選択する、「柔軟な行動選択」を可能とする神経機構を、局所神経回路レベルで明らかにすることを目指していく。
最新技術で探る実行系機能の脳内メカニズム

筒井健一郎

Offer Organization: 日本学術振興会

System: 科学研究費助成事業基盤研究(A)

Category: 基盤研究(A)

Institution: 東北大学

2012 - 2012

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基盤研究(S)の課題が採択によって本研究が廃止されるまでの間に、実験装置のセットアップが終了し、実験を開始することができた。すでに、単一ニューロンへのプラスミド注入技術に関する実証実験が終了し、現在、論文を執筆中である。また、ラットに「go/no-go」課題を行わせるための装置をセットアップし、訓練のプロトコルを確立した。以上が本研究のこれまでの成果である。本研究の当初の目的は、実行系機能(=自分が取りうる行動の結果を予測しながら行動の計画をたて、衝動的な欲求を抑制しながら、その計画を実行していく能力)の背景にある脳内メカニズムを、神経回路の構成と働きによって理解することであった。そのために、独自開発の〈動物の行動中に活動を記録した単一神経細胞やそれとシナプスを形成する神経細胞に、遺伝子導入によって蛍光タンパク質を発現させ、標識する技術〉をはじめ、様々な最新技術を駆使して、ワーキングメモリ、反応抑制、文脈依存的行動選択、という実行系の重要な機能要素に関係した脳内現象を、個々の神経細胞の活動と神経回路の構成、および、そこに作用する神経伝達物質のレベルで、多角的・包括的に調べるための実験を行う予定であった。これらの研究計画の内容は、新たに採択された基盤(S)の研究のなかで実行していく予定である。
Phisiopsychological studies on the function and mechanisms of intrinsic, learned and physiological reward

WATANABE Masataka, KODAMA Tohru, HONNDA Yoshiko, KOJIMA Takashi, SAKAGAMI Masamichi, TSUTSUI Ken-ichiro

Offer Organization: Japan Society for the Promotion of Science

System: Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)

Category: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)

Institution: Tokyo Metropolitan Organization for Medical Research

2010 - 2012

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As reinforcers that strengthen learned responses, there are three different kinds of rewards (physiological, learned and intrinsic). We showed that physiological or learned rewards have different significance on the monkey depending on the social or intrinsic context in relation to whether they are delivered in the competitive situation or not, and demonstrated that monkey prefrontal neurons responded differently to the reward depending on the social context. We also showed that the magnitude of dopamine release in the monkey prefrontal cortex differed depending on whether the reward was delivered during the learning situation or not.
Neural mechanisms of category formation and categorical reasoning

TSUTSUI Ken-ichiro

Offer Organization: Japan Society for the Promotion of Science

System: Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research Grant-in-Aid for Young Scientists (S)

Category: Grant-in-Aid for Young Scientists (S)

Institution: Tohoku University

2007 - 2011

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In order to investigate the neural mechanisms of top-down behavioral control based on category and rule, we recorded single-unit activity in the monkey prefrontal cortex during task performance. Many of the recorded neurons were found to code category, rule, or predicted outcome. We also performed reversible functional inhibition of the prefrontal cortex by low-frequency repetitive trans-cranial stimulation (rTMS). By inhibiting the prefrontal cortex, immediate adaptation of behavior based on category and rule was impaired, whereas the basic ability for association learning remained unimpaired. These results suggest that the prefrontal cortex plays an important role in the top-down control of behavior based on category and rule. Based on the properties of the recorded neurons, we proposed a neuron circuit model of the prefrontal cortex for top-down behavioral control.
報酬と罰の統合的脳内表現に関する研究

筒井健一郎

Offer Organization: 日本学術振興会

System: 科学研究費助成事業特定領域研究

Category: 特定領域研究

Institution: 東北大学

2008 - 2009

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パブロフ型の確率学習課題をラットに訓練し、頭部を固定した状態で線条体からの単一ニューロン活動の記録を行った。課題では、条件刺激として純音を1.5秒間呈示し、0.5秒間の遅延期間の後、条件刺激によって示された報酬確率にしたがって報酬(スクロース水)を与えた。条件刺激の純音には5種類を用い、それぞれを0%から100%までの異なる報酬確率と関連付けた。この課題を十分に訓練した後、線条体から単一ニューロン活動の記録を行った。記録したニューロンの活動様式を分析するために、まず、刺激に反応したニューロンを、その反応のピークの潜時によって3つのサブタイプに分類した。条件刺激が呈示されてからの0.5秒間、条件刺激が呈示されてから0.5秒後から1.5秒後までの1秒間、遅延期間の0.5秒間のそれぞれの期間において反応のピークを示したニューロンを、それぞれ、タイプI、タイプII、タイプIIIニューロンと分類した。タイプIニューロンの多くは、報酬に対しても同様の一過性の反応を示した。タイプIニューロンの刺激への反応と報酬への反応の多くは、それぞれ、報酬確率に正の相関、負の相関を示していた。この反応様式は、ドーパミンニューロンのものと非常に類似しており、これらのニューロンが報酬予測誤差情報を表現していることが示唆された。タイプII、IIIのニューロンは、いずれも、持続的な発火を示し、その活動は報酬確率に正の相関を示していた。また、報酬には反応を示さなかった。タイプII、IIIのニューロンがどのような課題事象に関係しているのかを明確にするために、条件刺激の呈示終了から報酬が与えられるまでの遅延期間を延長させて記録を行ったところ、タイプIIニューロンは、遅延期間の違いにかかわらず、条件刺激に対して同じ潜時で反応し、呈示後は自発発火頻度に戻るものが多かった。一方、タイプIIIニューロンは、遅延期間を延長すると、活動のピークが新たな報酬供与のタイミング付近へと移っていく傾向が見られた。これらのことから、タイプIIニューロンは刺激の価値を、タイプIIIニューロンは報酬への期待をそれぞれ表現していることが示唆された。
予測・推論の神経機構の研究

筒井健一郎

Offer Organization: 日本学術振興会

System: 科学研究費助成事業特定領域研究

Category: 特定領域研究

Institution: 東北大学

2006 - 2007

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刺激をカテゴリ的に認識し、それを基に推論を行う「カテゴリ推論課題」を遂行中に、前頭連合野背外側部(DLPFC)および前頭眼窩部(OFC)から単一ニューロン活動の記録を行った。現在までに記録したニューロンの数はまだ少ないが、その結果の概要は以下の通りである。DLPFCおよびOFCの、いずれの領域からも、視覚刺激に反応するニューロンが記録された。それらの多くのニューロンは、刺激の意味(刺激がジュースを予告しているか、あるいは、食塩水を予告しているか)に基づいて異なる反応をしていた。そのようなニューロンについて、活動を記録しながら、刺激と報酬の関係を逆転させると、DLPFCとOFCのニューロンの間に、大きな性質の違いがあることがわかった。すなわち、DLPFCのニューロンは、逆転後の第一試行で刺激と報酬の関係が逆転したことにサルが気づき、その次の試行から行動を逆転させるのに対応して、刺激選択性をただちに逆転させた。一方、OFCのニューロンは、刺激と報酬の関係が逆転してサルの行動が逆転した後も、すぐには刺激選択性を逆転させず、刺激選択性が逆転するのに1ブロックないし数ブロックかかるものが大部分であった。また、新規刺激群を導入した場合には、DLPFCのニューロンは、刺激に対するサルの行動が分化するのに伴って、ただちに刺激選択性を示すようになったのに対して、OFCのニューロンは、サルの行動が分化したのちもしばらくの間は、刺激に対して選択性を示ざず、意味に基づいた選択的反応が形成されるまで多くの試行数を要した。以上の結果から、DLPFCは、カテゴリを基にした推論過程に主導的な役割を担っていること、一方で、OFCは、経験に基づいて個別の刺激とその機能的意味(報酬)の連合を形成することに関与していることが示唆された。
課題遂行中のサルにおけるボルタメトリー法による細胞外伝達物質の測定

筒井健一郎

Offer Organization: 日本学術振興会

System: 科学研究費助成事業萌芽研究

Category: 萌芽研究

Institution: 東北大学

2005 - 2006

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パブロフ型の確率報酬課題(条件刺激として視覚刺激を呈示してから数秒の遅延の後に、無条件刺激として特定の確率でジュースを与える課題。特定の視覚刺激が、それぞれ、0%、20%、40%、60%、80%、および100%の報酬確率と対応する。)を被験体に訓練した。課題を遂行中に、被験体の線条体において、単一ニューロン活動を記録するとともに、ボルタメトリ法を用いた細胞外ドーパミン濃度の測定を行った。被験体は、遅延期間中にリッキング(報酬としてジュースが出てくるノズルを舐める行動)を行ったが、条件刺激によって示された報酬確率が高いほどこのリッキングの頻度が高かったので、被験体が条件刺激の意味を理解していたことを示していた。課題遂行中に、線条体から単一ニューロン活動を記録したところ、それらの多くが、条件刺激の提示期に一過性の反応を示した。条件刺激によって示された報酬確率が高いほど、この一過性の反応の強さが強くなった。したがって、線条体のニューロンの多くが条件刺激によって示された報酬確率を表現していることが明らかになった。次年度から、同じ被験体を用いて、課題遂行中にボルタメトリによるドーパミン濃度の測定を線条体において行う予定である。ボルタメトリ測定については、麻酔下の被験体において、線状体に投射するドーパミン作動性細胞が多数存在する黒質を電気刺激すると、一過性に多量(100uMol)のドーパミンが計測されることを確認している。黒質のドーパミン細胞の反応特性から、条件刺激呈示に伴ってドーパミンが放出され、その放出量が、条件刺激によって示された確率が高くなるほど多くなることが期待される。
連合野における脳内表象の形成と操作

筒井健一郎

Offer Organization: 日本学術振興会

System: 科学研究費助成事業若手研究(A)

Category: 若手研究(A)

Institution: 東北大学

2005 - 2006

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動物は、経験を通して刺激や反応とその結果の関係(随伴性)を学習して行動を変容させることによって(強化学習)、環境に適応している。霊長類をはじめとする高等動物は、そのような学習能力に加えて、経験したことの無い新奇刺激について、それがどのような結果をもたらすのか、あるいは、それに対してどのように反応したらいいのかを、過去の経験や知識に基づいて予測・推論する能力を持っていると考えられている。本研究の目的は、さまざまな推論の形態のうち、もっとも基本的なもののうちひとつであると考えられる、カテゴリを基にした帰納的推論(類推)(あるカテゴリの事例がある特性を持っていると分かったとき、同じカテゴリのほかの事例も同じ特性を持っていると類推する思考過程)が、脳のどこでどのように行われているかを明らかにすることである。サルに帰納的推論を行わせる課題を遂行させながら、前頭連合野背外側部から単一ニューロン活動の記録を行う実験を開始した。行わせた課題の基本的デザインは、条件刺激(抽象図形)の後に無条件刺激(ジュースまたは食塩水)を与えるパブロフ型条件付け課題である。8個の抽象図形によって構成される刺激セットを作成し、セット中のすべての刺激が8試行で1回ずつ使われるように、擬似ランダム系列を用いて各試行で呈示する刺激を決めた。あるセッション(通常48〜96試行から成る)では、8個の刺激のうち半数(サブセットA)の刺激のいずれかが呈示されるとその後にジュースを、残り(サブセットB)の刺激のいずれかが呈示されるとその後に食塩水を与え、次のセッションではその関係を逆転させて、サブセットAの刺激の後には食塩水を、サブセットBの刺激の後にはジュースを与えるということを繰り返した(反復逆転)。記録されたニューロンの数はまだ少ないが、1)刺激呈示時から液体が与えられる時点まで、ジュースあるいは食塩水のいずれかを予期するような持続的活動を示すニューロン、2)特定の刺激セットの特定のサブセットがジュースと連合しているセッションだけ、刺激に対する予期的発火を強めることから、課題状況を表現していると考えられるニューロン、3)セッション移行後数試行に渡って持続的発火をすることから、セッションの移行を検出していると考えられるニューロン、などが見つかっている。
意思決定の神経機構

筒井健一郎

Offer Organization: 日本学術振興会

System: 科学研究費助成事業特定領域研究

Category: 特定領域研究

Institution: 東北大学

2005 - 2005

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意思決定の神経機構を明らかにするために、並立VI(変動間隔)スケジュールを基にデザインした変動確率課題をサルに訓練し、この課題を遂行させながら前頭連合野から単一ニューロン活動を記録した。この課題は、刺激AとBのどちらを取ったほうがより報酬を得られやすいかを予想さながら反応させるもので、最も基本的な意思決定状況であるといえる。この課題をサルに行わせながら前頭連合野からニューロン活動を記録すると、多くのニューロンの活動が、サルが刺激Aを選ぼうとしているときと、刺激Bを選ぼうとしているときで異なる活動を示すことが見つかった。すなわち、これらのニューロンの活動を観察すると、サルが実際に刺激を選択する何秒も前から、その試行でサルがどちらの刺激を選ぶのかを予測することが出来た。これらのニューロンの活動は、これまでに運動関連領域にて記録されたことが報告されている「運動の準備」に関する活動とは、本質的に異なる。すなわち、運動の準備に関わる活動は、どの効果器を使って、どちらの方向に反応するかに依存していたが、今回記録されたニューロンは、効果器を右方向に動かすか、左方向に動かすかに関わらず、ある特定の刺激をとろうとしているときに選択的に活動しているのである。さらに、これらのニューロンそれぞれについて、その活動によってどれだけ正確にサルの選択行動を予測できるかを調べるため、信号検出理論に基づいてROC曲線を作成した。その結果、記録した細胞の約2割については、その活動を記録することによって、75%以上の精度でサルの選択行動が予測できることが分かった。これらの事実は、前頭連合野のニューロンが、意思決定の初期の段階、すなわち、具体的な運動の準備よりも抽象度の高いレベルの、行動の目的設定に重要な役割を果たしていることを示唆している。
サル前頭連合野・運動前野における運動感覚情報の処理に関する研究

筒井健一郎

Offer Organization: 日本学術振興会

System: 科学研究費助成事業

Category: 特別研究員奨励費

Institution: 東京大学

1998 - 1998

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