Details of the Researcher

PHOTO

Takumi Yamazaki
Section
Institute for Materials Research
Job title
Assistant Professor
Degree
  • 博士(工学)(名古屋大学)

  • 修士(工学)(名古屋大学)

Research History 4

  • 2024/04 - Present
    東北大学 金属材料研究所 助教

  • 2022/04 - 2024/03
    東北大学 金属材料研究所 日本学術振興会特別研究員(PD)

  • 2021/04 - 2022/03
    Tohoku University Center for Spintronics Research Network

  • 2018/04 - 2021/03
    名古屋大学大学院 工学研究科 日本学術振興会特別研究員(DC1)

Education 3

  • Nagoya University Graduate School of Engineering Mechanical Systems Engineering

    2018/04 - 2021/03

  • Nagoya University Graduate School of Engineering Aerospace Engineering

    2016/04 - 2018/03

  • Kobe University Faculty of Science Department of Physics

    2012/04 - 2016/03

Committee Memberships 4

  • 日本磁気学会 編集・論文委員

    2025/06 - Present

  • 日本伝熱学会出版部会 協議員

    2025/05 - Present

  • 東北大学附置研究所若手アンサンブルプロジェクト ワーキンググループ委員

    2025/04 - Present

  • 第39回日本熱物性シンポジウム 実行委員会 実行委員

    2018/03 - 2018/11

Professional Memberships 4

  • 日本磁気学会

  • 日本熱物性学会

  • 日本伝熱学会

  • 応用物理学会

Research Interests 3

  • スピントロニクス

  • 熱工学

  • スピンカロリトロニクス

Research Areas 2

  • Nanotechnology/Materials / Applied materials /

  • Manufacturing technology (mechanical, electrical/electronic, chemical engineering) / Thermal engineering /

Awards 5

  1. 日本熱物性学会賞 奨励賞

    2022/10 日本熱物性学会

  2. 学術奨励賞

    2020/05 名古屋大学

  3. 優秀プレゼンテーション賞

    2019/05 第56回日本伝熱シンポジウム

  4. 学生ベストプレゼンテーション賞

    2017/11 第38回日本熱物性シンポジウム

  5. 優秀ポスター賞

    2017/09 第14回日本熱電学会学術講演会

Papers 15

  1. Stoichiometry control and epitaxial growth of AgCrSe2 thin films by pulsed-laser deposition Peer-reviewed

    Yusuke Tajima, Kenshin Inamura, Sebun Masaki, Takumi Yamazaki, Takeshi Seki, Kazutaka Kudo, Jobu Matsuno, Junichi Shiogai

    APL Materials 2025/06/01

    DOI: 10.1063/5.0273060  

  2. Proof‐of‐Concept for Selective Magnetization Switching for Microfabricated Exchange‐Spring Magnets by Spin Wave Excitation Peer-reviewed

    V. K. Kushwaha, T. Yamazaki, T. Seki

    Advanced Physics Research 2025/05

    DOI: 10.1002/apxr.202400160  

  3. Antisymmetric interlayer exchange coupling spontaneously built in synthetic antiferromagnetic structures using film growth Peer-reviewed

    Takeshi Seki, Hiroto Masuda, Varun K Kushwaha, Takumi Yamazaki, Keita Ito

    Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics 2025/04/28

    DOI: 10.1088/1361-6463/adbd4f  

  4. Suppression of ferromagnetism in rippled La2/3Sr1/3MnO3 membrane with process-induced strain prepared by epitaxial lift-off technique Peer-reviewed

    Kota Kanda, Ryuji Atsumi, Takamasa Usami, Takumi Yamazaki, Kohei Ueda, Takeshi Seki, Shigeki Miyasaka, Jobu Matsuno, Junichi Shiogai

    APL Materials 2025/04/01

    DOI: 10.1063/5.0263925  

  5. High‐Throughput Optimization of Magnetoresistance Materials Based on Lock‐In Thermography Peer-reviewed

    Rajkumar Modak, Takamasa Hirai, Yuya Sakuraba, Seiji Mitani, Koichi Oyanagi, Takumi Yamazaki, Takeshi Seki, Ken‐ichi Uchida

    Advanced Physics Research 2024/05/24

    Publisher: Wiley

    DOI: 10.1002/apxr.202400021  

    ISSN: 2751-1200

    eISSN: 2751-1200

    More details Close

    Abstract With the giant magnetoresistance (GMR) effect serving as a vital component in modern spintronic technologies, researchers are dedicating significant efforts to improve the performance of GMR devices through material exploration and design optimization. However, traditional GMR measurement approaches are inefficient for comprehensive material and device optimization. This study proposes a high‐throughput current‐in‐plane GMR measurement technique based on thermal imaging of Joule heating utilizing lock‐in thermography (LIT). This LIT‐based technique is advantageous for efficiently evaluating films with varying compositions and thickness gradients, which is crucial for ongoing material exploration and design optimization to enhance the GMR ratio. First, it is demonstrated that using CoFe/Cu multilayers, the simple Joule heating measurement based on LIT enables quantitative estimation of the GMR ratio. Then, to confirm the usefulness of the proposed method in high‐throughput material screening, a case study is shown to investigate the GMR of CoCu‐based granular films with a composition gradient. These techniques allow to determine the optimum composition with maximum GMR ratio using the single composition‐gradient film and reveal Co22Cu78 as the optimal composition, yielding the largest GMR ratio among the reported polycrystalline CoCu‐based granular films. This demonstration accelerates the material and structural optimization of GMR devices.

  6. Quantitative measurement of figure of merit for transverse thermoelectric conversion in Fe/Pt metallic multilayers Peer-reviewed

    Takumi Yamazaki, Takamasa Hirai, Takashi Yagi, Yuichiro Yamashita, Ken-ichi Uchida, Takeshi Seki, Koki Takanashi

    Physical Review Applied 21 (2) 024039-1-024039-11 2024/02/21

    DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevApplied.21.024039  

  7. Verification of high throughput simultaneous measurement for Seebeck coefficient, resistivity, and thermal diffusivity of thermoelectric materials Peer-reviewed

    Takahiro Kajima, Kiyoshi Ogawa, Hosei Nagano, Takumi Yamazaki, Akihiro Tsuruta, Woosuck Shin

    Measurement 223 113746-113746 2023/12

    Publisher: Elsevier BV

    DOI: 10.1016/j.measurement.2023.113746  

    ISSN: 0263-2241

  8. Impact of epitaxial strain relaxation on ferromagnetism in a freestanding La2/3Sr1/3MnO3 membrane Peer-reviewed

    Ryuji Atsumi, Junichi SHIOGAI, Takumi Yamazaki, Takeshi SEKI, Kohei Ueda, Jobu MATSUNO

    Japanese Journal of Applied Physics 62 (10) 100902-100902 2023/10/11

    Publisher: IOP Publishing

    DOI: 10.35848/1347-4065/ad0270  

    ISSN: 0021-4922

    eISSN: 1347-4065

    More details Close

    Abstract Manganite perovskites host emerging physical properties of strongly-correlated electrons with charge, spin, and lattice degrees of freedom. Using the epitaxial lift-off technique, we report enhancement of saturation magnetization and the ferromagnetic transition temperature of freestanding La2/3Sr1/3MnO3 membrane compared with as-grown film on SrTiO3 substrate involving lateral tensile strain. Structural analysis reveals shrinkage of unit-cell volume by tensile strain relaxation in the freestanding membrane, which causes enhancement of the ferromagnetic interaction. The impact of the microscopic lattice deformation on the ferromagnetism of La2/3Sr1/3MnO3 indicates a high potential of this material for flexible electronics applications with intriguing functionalities in strongly-correlated electron systems.

  9. 熱電対プローブを用いた熱電3物性高温同時測定法の開発 Peer-reviewed

    Takumi Yamazaki

    Netsu Bussei 37 (3) 82-92 2023/08/31

    DOI: 10.2963/JJTP.37.82  

  10. Influence of epitaxial growth on spin current transmission of NiO films Peer-reviewed

    Takumi Yamazaki, Takeshi Seki, Takahide Kubota, Koki Takanashi

    Applied Physics Express 16 (8) 083003-083003 2023/08/01

    Publisher: IOP Publishing

    DOI: 10.35848/1882-0786/acecd5  

    ISSN: 1882-0778

    eISSN: 1882-0786

    More details Close

    Abstract This letter reports the effect of the epitaxial growth of NiO films on its spin current transmission. Two sample series of Pt/NiO/CoFeB, including epitaxial and polycrystalline NiO, were prepared using different deposition conditions. The spin current transmission of NiO is evaluated using the thermo-spin effects in the trilayers. Epitaxial NiO exhibits a non-monotonic behavior in the NiO thickness dependence of spin current transmission, while this behavior is smeared out in polycrystalline NiO. The non-monotonic behavior implies the presence of multiple spin transport mechanisms, which becomes apparent with epitaxial growth.

  11. Thickness dependence of anomalous Hall and Nernst effects in Ni-Fe thin films Peer-reviewed

    Takumi Yamazaki, Takeshi Seki, Rajkumar Modak, Keita Nakagawara, Takamasa Hirai, Keita Ito, Ken-ichi Uchida, Koki Takanashi

    Physical Review B 105 (21) 214416-1-214416-9 2022/06

    DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevB.105.214416  

    ISSN: 2469-9950

    eISSN: 2469-9969

  12. Lock-in thermoreflectance as a tool for investigating spin caloritronics Peer-reviewed

    Takumi Yamazaki, Ryo Iguchi, Hosei Nagano, Ken-ichi Uchida

    Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics 54 (35) 354001-354001 2021/09/02

    Publisher: {IOP} Publishing

    DOI: 10.1088/1361-6463/ac0843  

    ISSN: 0022-3727 1361-6463

    eISSN: 1361-6463

  13. Enhancement of charge-to-spin current conversion in a Ni/Pt bilayer film detected by spin Peltier effect Peer-reviewed

    Takumi Yamazaki, Ryo Iguchi, Hosei Nagano, Ken-ichi Uchida

    Japanese Journal of Applied Physics 59 (5) 050901-050901 2020/05/01

    Publisher: {IOP} Publishing

    DOI: 10.35848/1347-4065/ab8025  

    ISSN: 0021-4922 1347-4065

    eISSN: 1347-4065

  14. Transient response of the spin Peltier effect revealed by lock-in thermoreflectance measurements Peer-reviewed

    Takumi Yamazaki, Ryo Iguchi, Tadakatsu Ohkubo, Hosei Nagano, Ken-ichi Uchida

    Physical Review B 101 (2) 020415-1-020415-6 2020/01/28

    Publisher: American Physical Society ({APS})

    DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevB.101.020415  

    ISSN: 2469-9950

    eISSN: 2469-9969

  15. Proposal and Verification of Simultaneous Measurement Method for Three Thermoelectric Properties with Film-Type Thermocouple Probe Peer-reviewed

    Takumi Yamazaki, Ai Ueno, Hosei Nagano

    Journal of Electronics Cooling and Thermal Control 07 (02) 23-32 2017

    Publisher: Scientific Research Publishing, Inc.

    DOI: 10.4236/jectc.2017.72003  

    ISSN: 2162-6162

    eISSN: 2162-6170

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Misc. 1

  1. サーモリフレクタンス法の新展開 -スピンカロリトロニクス現象への適用- Invited

    山崎 匠

    JSME TED Newsletter 104 2-9 2024/12

Presentations 40

  1. 光計測を用いた磁性薄膜の横型熱電性能指数の評価 Invited

    山崎 匠, 関 剛斎

    2024 年度 スピンRNJ 年次報告 2025/02/28

  2. Non-contact evaluation of liquid thermal effusivity toward spatial mapping of salinity

    T. Yamazaki, Y. Kanda

    第13回東北大学若手アンサンブルワークショップ 2024/12/11

  3. Figure of Merit of Transverse Thermoelectric Conversion for Magnetic Thin Film Measured by All-in-One Evaluation Method

    T. Yamazaki, N. L. Okamoto, T. Ichitsubo, T. Seki

    Summit of Materials Science 2024 and GIMRT User Meeting 2024 2024/11/27

  4. 磁性薄膜の横型熱電パラメータのAll-in-one評価法

    山崎匠, 岡本範彦, 市坪哲, 関剛斎

    第48回日本磁気学会学術講演会 2024/09/27

  5. All-in-one evaluation method for transverse thermoelectric properties of a single magnetic thin film device

    T. Yamazaki, N. L. Okamoto, T. Ichitsubo, T. Seki

    第85回応用物理学会秋季学術講演会 2024/09/20

  6. 光学温度測定により切り拓くスピンカロリトロニクス Invited

    山崎 匠

    第31回「みちのく磁性談話会」 2024/06/22

  7. All-in-one evaluation method for transverse thermoelectric properties of a single magnetic thin film device

    T. Yamazaki, N. L. Okamoto, T. Ichitsubo, T. Seki

    第146回東北大学金属材料研究所講演会 2024/05/28

  8. Quantitative measurement of figure of merit for the transverse thermoelectric conversion in Fe/Pt metallic multilayers

    T. Yamazaki, T. Hirai, T. Yagi, Y. Yamashita, K. Uchida, T. Seki, K. Takanashi

    第27回半導体におけるスピン工学の基礎と応用 2024/03/16

  9. Evaluation of figure of merit for transverse thermoelectric conversion in Fe/Pt metallic superlattices

    T. Yamazaki, T. Hirai, T. Yagi, K. Uchida, T. Seki, K. Takanashi

    第145回東北大学金属材料研究所講演会 2023/12/06

  10. Evaluation of Figure of Merit for the Transverse Thermoelectric Conversion in Fe/Pt Metallic Superlattices

    T. Yamazaki, T. Hirai, T. Yagi, K. Uchida, T. Seki, Koki Takanashi

    Symposium of crc-gp-mssp 2023 2023/11/28

  11. 2ω法による液体の熱浸透率の局所測定

    山崎匠, 神田雄貴

    第44回日本熱物性シンポジウム 2023/11/08

  12. Fe/Pt金属人工格子における横型熱電変換の性能指数

    山崎匠, 平井孝昌, 八木貴志, 内田健一, 関剛斎, 高梨弘毅

    第47回日本磁気学会学術講演会 2023/09/28

  13. Figure of merit for transverse thermoelectric conversion in Fe/Pt metallic superlattices

    Takumi Yamazaki, Takamasa Hirai, Takashi Yagi, Ken-ichi Uchida, Takeshi Seki, Koki Takanashi

    第84回応用物理学会秋季学術講演会 2023/09/21

  14. Spin Current Transmission in (111) and (001) Crystal Oriented NiO Films Probed by Thermo-spin Effects

    Takumi Yamazaki, Takeshi Seki, Koki Takanashi

    Intermag2023 2023/05/16

  15. Thermo-spin Detection of Spin Current Transmission across Epitaxial NiO Films

    Takumi Yamazaki, Takeshi Seki, Koki Takanashi

    Spin Caloritronics XII 2023/05/23

  16. Thermal detection of spin current transmission in antiferromagnetic insulator Invited

    Takumi Yamazaki

    International Network for Spintronics: Early Career Researchers Meeting 2023 2023/05/12

  17. Crystalline orientation dependence of spin current transmission in epitaxial NiO film probed by thermo-spin effects

    Takumi Yamazaki, Takeshi Seki, Takahide Kubota, Koki Takanashi

    第70回応用物理学会春季学術講演会 2023/03/16

  18. 反強磁性絶縁体NiOを介した熱スピン効果の光学測定

    山崎 匠, 関 剛斎, 窪田 崇秀, 高梨 弘毅

    第46回日本磁気学会学術講演会 2022/09/07

  19. Thermo-spin effects through antiferromagnetic NiO detected by lock-in thermoreflectance

    Takumi Yamazaki, Takeshi Seki, Takahide Kubota, Koki Takanashi

    The 5th International Union of Materials Research Societies International Conference of Young Researchers on Advanced Materials 2022/08/06

  20. Thermoreflectance detection of thermo-spin effects through antiferromagnetic NiO

    Takumi Yamazaki, Takeshi Seki, Takahide Kubota, Koki Takanashi

    24th International Colloquium on Magnetic Films and Surfaces 2022/07/11

  21. Optical thermometry for investigating spin caloritronics

    Takumi Yamazaki

    Early Career Researchers’ Presentations and Networking EPSRC International Network for Spintronics From Material Development to Novel Energy Efficient Technologies 2022/05/20

  22. Thermo-spin effects through antiferromagnetic insulator NiO detected by lock-in thermoreflectance

    Takumi Yamazaki, Takeshi Seki, Takahide Kubota, Koki Takanashi

    第69回応用物理学会春季学術講演会 2022/03/26

  23. Optical thermometry for investigating spin-caloritronic phenomena Invited

    Takumi Yamazaki

    Indo-Japan Workshop on Interface Phenomena for Spintronics 2022 2022/03/10

  24. Pt/NiO/CoFeB接合系における熱スピン効果のサーモリフレクタンス測定

    山崎 匠, 関 剛斎, 窪田 崇秀, 高梨 弘毅

    第141回金属材料研究所講演会 2021/11/30

  25. Thermo-spin Effects in Magnetic Multilayer with CoFeB Detected by the Lock-in Thermoreflectance Method

    Takumi Yamazaki, Takeshi Seki, Koki Takanashi

    The 5th Symposium for The Core Research Clusters for Materials Science and Spintronics, and the 4th Symposium on International Joint Graduate Program in Materials Science 2021/10/25

  26. Thermal detection of spin anomalous Hall effect using spin Peltier effect

    Takumi Yamazaki, Ryo Iguchi, Hosei Nagano, Ken-ichi Uchida

    第67回応用物理学会春季学術講演会 2020/03

  27. Thermoreflectance Measurement of the Spin Peltier Effect in the Pt/YIG System

    Takumi Yamazaki, Ryo Iguchi, Hosei Nagano, Ken-ichi Uchida

    2nd Pacific Rim Thermal Engineering Conference 2019/12/14

  28. Thermoreflectance Measurement of the Spin Peltier Effect

    Takumi Yamazaki, Ryo Iguchi, Tadakatsu Ohkubo, Hosei Nagano, Ken-ichi Uchida

    64th Annual Canference on Magnetism and Mangetic Materials 2019/11/05

  29. サーモリフレクタンスを用いた磁性体の熱電・熱スピン変換効果の計測

    山﨑 匠, 井口 亮, 長野 方星, 内田 健一

    第40回日本熱物性シンポジウム 2019/10/29

  30. Measurement of the spin Peltier effect using thermoreflectance

    Takumi Yamazaki, Ryo Iguchi, Hosei Nagano, Ken-ichi Uchida

    Spin Caloritronics X 2019/05/22

  31. サーモリフレクタンス法を用いたスピンペルチェ効果測定

    山﨑 匠, 井口 亮, 長野 方星, 内田 健一

    第56回日本伝熱シンポジウム 2019/05

  32. Lock-in thermoreflectance as a tool for investigating spin caloritronics

    Takumi Yamazaki, Ryo Iguchi, Hosei Nagano, Ken-ichi Uchida

    2019/03

  33. プローブ型センサを用いた単一の測定システムによる熱電3 物性の同時計測技術の開発

    梶間 崇宏, 小川 清, 平松 良三, 長野 方星, 申 ウソク, 鶴田彰宏

    第39回日本熱物性シンポジウム 2018/11

  34. 有限要素解析に基づくマルチセンシングプローブ式熱電3物性同時測定法の評価

    山﨑 匠, 上野 藍, 長野 方星

    第39回日本熱物性シンポジウム 2018/11

  35. マルチセンシングプローブ式熱電3物性同時測定法の開発および真空プローバへの適用

    山﨑 匠, 上野 藍, 長野 方星

    第15回日本熱電学会学術講演会 2018/09

  36. マルチセンシングプローブを用いた熱電3物性同時測定法の開発

    山﨑 匠, 上野 藍, 長野 方星

    第38回日本熱物性シンポジウム 2017/11

  37. SIMULTANEOUS MEASUREMENT METHOD FOR THERMOELECTRIC PROPERTIES WITH FILM-TYPE SENSOR

    Takumi Yamazaki, Ai Ueno, Hosei Nagano

    21st European Conference on Thermophysical Properties 2017/09/05

  38. フィルム型熱電対プローブを用いた熱電3物性同時測定法の開発

    山﨑 匠, 上野 藍, 長野 方星, 申 ウソク, 小川 清, 平松 良三, 梶間 崇宏

    第14回日本熱電学会学術講演会 2017/09

  39. フィルム型熱電対プローブを用いた熱電3物性同時計測法の提案及び検証

    山﨑 匠, 上野 藍, 長野 方星

    第54回日本伝熱シンポジウム 2017/05

  40. Development of a Simultaneous Measurement Method for Thermoelectric Properties with a Film-type Thermocouple Sensor

    Takumi Yamazaki, Ai Ueno, Hosei Nagano, Woosuck Shin, Kiyoshi Ogawa, Ryozo Hiramatsu

    1st Asian Conference on Thermal Sciences 2017/03/29

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Industrial Property Rights 2

  1. 熱電特性評価ユニット、熱電特性評価装置及び熱電特性評価方法

    小川 清, 梶間 崇宏, 平松良三, 長野 方星, 山﨑 匠, 申 ウソク, 鶴田 彰宏

    特許第7323108号

    Property Type: Patent

  2. デバイス、評価方法、評価装置

    山崎 匠, 関 剛斎

    Property Type: Patent

Research Projects 6

  1. Epitaxial strain engineering of spin current propagation in antiferromagnetic thin films

    Offer Organization: Japan Society for the Promotion of Science

    System: Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research

    Category: Grant-in-Aid for Early-Career Scientists

    Institution: Tohoku University

    2025/04 - 2027/03

  2. 非接触熱物性測定に基づく固液相変化過程における塩分濃度の空間分布評価法の開発

    山崎匠, 神田雄貴

    Offer Organization: 東北大学

    System: 東北大学附置研究所若手研究者アンサンブルグラント継続課題

    2024/04 - 2025/03

  3. 高速熱特性計測に基づく磁性金属多層膜の熱・スピン輸送機構の学理深化

    山崎 匠

    Offer Organization: 日本学術振興会

    System: 科学研究費助成事業 特別研究員奨励費

    Category: 特別研究員奨励費

    Institution: 東北大学

    2022/04 - 2025/03

  4. ガスハイドレートを⽤いた海⽔淡⽔化技術開発に向けた⾼精度熱物性計測による流体中の塩分濃度の⾮接触定量評価

    神田 雄貴, 山崎 匠

    Offer Organization: 東北大学

    System: 東北大学附置研究所若手アンサンブルグラント新規課題

    2022/06 - 2023/03

  5. 高速熱特性計測による磁性金属中の熱・スピン輸送機構の解明

    Offer Organization: Japan Society for the Promotion of Science

    System: Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research Grant-in-Aid for Research Activity Start-up

    Category: Grant-in-Aid for Research Activity Start-up

    Institution: Tohoku University

    2021/08 - 2022/03

  6. スピンペルチェ効果の現象解明のためのマイクロスケール多物性同時計測手法の構築

    山崎 匠

    Offer Organization: 日本学術振興会

    System: 科学研究費助成事業 特別研究員奨励費

    Category: 特別研究員奨励費

    Institution: 名古屋大学

    2018/04 - 2021/03

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    本研究はスピン流による熱流生成現象「スピンペルチェ効果」の生成過程の実験的実証を目的としている. 前年度に構築した高速熱応答計測装置(ロックインサーモリフレクタンス装置)を用いてPt/イットリウム鉄ガーネット(YIG)接合系におけるスピンペルチェ効果の過渡温度応答を取得した.そして,得られた過渡温度応答情報と多層熱伝導モデルのフィッティングにより,発現メカニズムに直結する熱流伝搬長(スピンペルチェ効果の特性長)の同定に成功した.この特性長がYIG中のマグノン拡散長と同程度のスケールであることから,スピンペルチェ効果の起源となり得るバルク熱スピン変換と界面熱スピン変換のうち,バルクの寄与が支配的であることを示唆する結果となった. また,スピンペルチェ効果と磁性金属中の熱電効果である異常エッチングスハウゼン効果が同時に発現する強磁性金属/フェリ磁性絶縁体接合系を用いた測定を実施した.試料にNi/YIG接合系を用いた場合,2つの効果の周波数特性の違いから,強磁性体を金属層に用いた場合でもスピンペルチェ効果の寄与が支配的であることを見出し,スピンペルチェ効果と異常エッチングスハウゼン効果のハイブリッド化による出力向上の実現性を確認した.さらに,物質・材料研究機構のロックインサーモグラフィを用いたスピンペルチェ効果計測により,Ni/Pt二層膜における電流-スピン流変換効率がPt単層膜よりもはるかに大きいことを明らかにした.以上のように,強磁性金属や金属二層膜の使用により,熱電・熱スピン効果の出力が増大する指針を獲得した.

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