Details of the Researcher

PHOTO

Yoshifumi Kudo
Section
Graduate School of Education
Job title
Professor
Degree
  • 博士(教育学)(東北大学)

  • 教育学修士(東北大学)

Research History 4

  • 2011/04 - Present
    Tohoku University Graduate School of Education

  • 2005/04 - 2009/09
    札幌学院大学人文学部 教授

  • 2001/04 - 2005/03
    札幌学院大学人文学部 助教授

  • 1990/10 - 2001/03
    東北大学教育学部 助手

Education 2

  • Tohoku University Graduate School, Division of Education

    - 1990/09/30

  • Tohoku University Faculty of Education 教育心理学科

    - 1986/03/31

Committee Memberships 13

  • 日本教育心理学会 編集委員

    2019/01 - Present

  • 日本教授学習心理学会 理事

    2005/06 - Present

  • 日本教育心理学会 編集委員

    2015/01 - 2017/12

  • 日本教授学習心理学会 編集委員

    2014/07 - 2017/07

  • 日本教授学習心理学会 編集委員

    2014/07 - 2017/07

  • 日本教育心理学会 研究委員会委員

    2011/01 - 2014/01

  • 日本教育心理学会 研究委員会委員

    2011/01 - 2014/01

  • 日本教授学習心理学会 『教授学習心理学研究』編集委員会副委員長

    2005/06 - 2011/06

  • 日本教授学習心理学会 『教授学習心理学研究』編集委員会副委員長

    2005/06 - 2011/06

  • 日本教育心理学会 2009年度城戸奨励賞選考委員

    2010/01 - 2010/12

  • 日本教育心理学会 2009年度城戸奨励賞選考委員

    2010/01 - 2010/12

  • 日本教育心理学会 『教育心理学研究』常任編集委員

    2008/01 - 2010/12

  • 日本教育心理学会 『教育心理学研究』常任編集委員

    2008/01 - 2010/12

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Professional Memberships 2

  • 日本教授学習心理学会

  • 日本教育心理学会

Research Interests 5

  • 思考

  • ルール学習

  • 教授方略

  • 教科学習

  • 教授学習過程

Research Areas 1

  • Humanities & social sciences / Educational psychology / Psychology in teaching and learning

Awards 2

  1. 2021年度優秀論文賞

    2022/08 日本教育心理学会 概念変化はなぜ生じにくいのか―仮説的判断を阻害する要因としての自己完結的推論― 教育心理学研究,69,135-148.

  2. 1997年度 城戸奨励賞

    1998/07 日本教育心理学会

Papers 111

  1. Effects of Teaching the Function of Scientific Rules on Problem Solving: Peer-reviewed

    Yoshifumi Kudo, Seiko Sato, Toshihiko Shindo

    The Japanese Journal of Educational Psychology 72 (3) 141-156 2024/09/30

    Publisher: The Japanese Association of Educational Psychology

    DOI: 10.5926/jjep.72.141  

    ISSN: 0021-5015

    eISSN: 2186-3075

  2. 優秀論文賞を受賞して—概念変化はなぜ生じにくいのか―仮説的判断を阻害する要因としての自己完結的推論―

    佐藤 誠子, 工藤 与志文

    教育心理学年報 62 332-334 2023/03/30

    Publisher: 一般社団法人 日本教育心理学会

    DOI: 10.5926/arepj.62.332  

    ISSN: 0452-9650

    eISSN: 2186-3091

  3. Teaching the Predictive Function of Scientific Rules: Factors Relating to the Familiarity Effect in Knowledge Application Peer-reviewed

    Yoshifumi Kudo, Seiko Sato, Toshihiko Shindo

    The Japanese Journal of Educational Psychology 71 (1) 38-50 2023/03/30

    Publisher: The Japanese Association of Educational Psychology

    DOI: 10.5926/jjep.71.38  

    ISSN: 0021-5015

    eISSN: 2186-3075

  4. The object and method of research on the psychology in teaching and learning Invited

    Watanabe, Daisuke, Uno, Shinibu, Kudo, Yoshifumi, Shindo, Toshihiko

    Japanese Journal of Psychology in teaching and learning 18 (1) 27-52 2022/12

  5. Effects of lectures on knowledge operations on university students' hypothesis formation Peer-reviewed

    Kudo,Yoshifumi

    Japanese Journal of Psychology in teaching and learning 18 (1) 1-10 2022/12

  6. Experiments in School Science and Learners' Creativity

    Yoshifumi KUDO

    Annual Bulletin, Graduate School of Education, Tohoku University 8 19-35 2022/03

  7. ルール適用においてカテゴリー情報はなぜ無視されるのか

    工藤 与志文, 佐藤 誠子, 進藤 聡彦

    日本教育心理学会総会発表論文集 64 149 2022

    Publisher: 一般社団法人 日本教育心理学会

    DOI: 10.20587/pamjaep.64.0_149  

    ISSN: 2189-5538

    eISSN: 2424-1571

  8. ルールによる課題解決はなぜ困難なのか-「誘導法」によるルール学習研究- Peer-reviewed

    工藤与志文, 佐藤誠子, 進藤聡彦

    教授学習心理学研究 17 (1) 1-16 2021/12

    ISSN: 1880-0718

  9. 不適切な読解表象の形成における「想念の侵入」について-説明的文章の読解を対象に- Peer-reviewed

    舛田弘子, 工藤与志文

    教育心理学研究 69 (3) 241-253 2021/09

  10. Why Is It Difficult to Achieve Conceptual Change?:Self-Contained Reasoning as a Factor Preventing Hypothetical Judgment Peer-reviewed

    Sato Seiko, Kudo Yoshifumi

    The Japanese Journal of Educational Psychology 69 (2) 135-148 2021/06

    Publisher: The Japanese Association of Educational Psychology

    DOI: 10.5926/jjep.69.135  

    ISSN: 0021-5015

    More details Close

    <p>  The present study examines, from the perspective of learners' reasoning, difficulties associated with transforming existing knowledge. According to the rational model, in order to change existing knowledge, learners have to engage in not only intuitive judgment based on their existing knowledge, but also hypothetical judgment based on rules, and then they have to compare those two. However, Sato & Kudo (2015, in Japanese) found that it was difficult for learners to make that comparison. In the present study, after university students were told about the importance and method of hypothetical judgment, they were asked to judge tasks that required reserving intuitive judgment and promoting reasoning based on hypothetical judgment. The results indicated that (a) there was self-contained reasoning for which the starting point of inference originated in intuitive judgment, and which generated an explanation to support the reasoning, and (b) self-contained reasoning was suppressed when it was possible to base hypothetical judgments on the learners' process of reasoning, with the result that the possibility of comparing the processes increased. Effects of conventional teaching strategies and the teaching-learning conditions for achieving knowledge transformation are discussed.</p>

  11. 教授・学習からみた「支援」の問題 Invited

    工藤与志文

    発達支援学研究 1 (1) 5-12 2020/10

  12. 課題解決における既有知識の使用に及ぼす大学教育の影響:「誘導法」による分析

    工藤 与志文, 進藤 聡彦, 佐藤 誠子

    日本教育心理学会総会発表論文集 62 (0) 133-133 2020

    Publisher: 一般社団法人 日本教育心理学会

    DOI: 10.20587/pamjaep.62.0_133  

    ISSN: 2189-5538

  13. Effects of Interrelating Knowledge on the Inference of Historical Events : Where Did Columbus Arrive? Peer-reviewed

    15 (1) 11-21 2020/01

    Publisher:

    ISSN: 1880-0718

  14. トゥールミンの論証モデルによる教材構成の論理分析―小学校理科教科書を対象にして― Peer-reviewed

    工藤与志文

    教授学習心理学研究 15 (1) 1-10 2020/01

  15. Introducing Interdisciplinary Dialogue to the Required Subject for Graduate Students: Focusing on the Lesson Process and Evaluation

    GOTO Takeytoshi, KUDO Yoshifumi

    Annual Bulletin, Graduate School of Education, Tohoku University 5 15-27 2019/03

  16. The Effect of Knowledge Systematization on Learning Scientific Rules: A Case Study Using a Qualitative Approach

    KUDO Yoshifumi, SATO Seiko, NISHIBAYASHI Katsuhiko, SHINDO Toshihiko

    Annual Bulletin, Graduate School of Education, Tohoku University 5 29-41 2019/03

  17. Effects of the Methods of Teaching the Operational Rule on the Comprehension of the Scientific Law : The Law of Conservation of Mass : By Elementary School Children Peer-reviewed

    14 (2) 42-56 2019/01

    Publisher:

    ISSN: 1880-0718

  18. 直観に反する仮説的判断の強制導入が自己完結的推論の抑制に及ぼす効果

    工藤 与志文, 佐藤 誠子

    日本教育心理学会総会発表論文集 60 (0) 504-504 2018

    Publisher: 一般社団法人 日本教育心理学会

    DOI: 10.20587/pamjaep.60.0_504  

    ISSN: 2189-5538

  19. アクティブ・ラーニングの成立条件-東北大学の「教職実践演習」の取り組みから- Peer-reviewed

    工藤与志文, 小野康直

    教授学習心理学研究 13 (2) 85-102 2017/12

  20. Analysis of Factors Encouraging and Constraining Rule Learning:A Lesson Study of Science Classes on "Dissolution" in the Fifth Grade Children Peer-reviewed

    Ebina Shoji, Sato Seiko, Kudo Yoshifumi

    THE JAPANESE JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY IN TEACHING AND LEARNING 13 (1) 1-20 2017/06

    Publisher: The Japanese Association of Psychology in Teaching and Learning

    DOI: 10.20629/japtl.13.1_1  

    ISSN: 1880-0718

    More details Close

    The purpose of this article is to investigate what factors affect the rule learning in science lesson on "dissolution" in the fifth grade children(n=66). In order to achieve this purpose, lesson plans were made on three principles: (a) the use of multiple examples, (b) the prior use of examples that show the typical features of rules, (c) linking a relationship between rules and experimental operations. The outcomes of the lessons were analyzed not only through post-tests but also through the learning and teaching processes in the lessons and the way teacher interpreted the educational materials. The results of post-tests showed that principle-a had positive effects, while principle-b and -c did not. The analysis of learning and teaching processes in the lessons suggests that the reason for the former may be that the teacher categorized multiple examples and gave the learners some questions that they could inference with these categories, whereas the reason for the latter may be that the teacher did not check quantitative data sufficiently during the experiments and did not interpret the experiments as means of hypothesis testing.

  21. Can Psychology Address the Key Questions in the Study of Teaching and Learning the Contents of a Particular Subject Matter?

    NISHIBAYASHI KATSUHIKO, MIYAZAKI KIYOTAKA, KUDO YOSHIFUMI

    The Annual Report of Educational Psychology in Japan 56 202-213 2017

    Publisher: The Japanese Association of Educational Psychology

    DOI: 10.5926/arepj.56.202  

    More details Close

    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;This paper presents a critique of the common view of psychological studies in education.&nbsp;&nbsp;These studies generally focus exclusively on teaching method, but fail to examine the influence of the content or quality of knowledge on teaching and learning processes in the classroom.&nbsp;&nbsp;We argue not only for the importance of the interaction between methods and contents, but rather insist that the quality of the content knowledge teachers understand be taken into account in the study of teaching and learning processes.&nbsp;&nbsp;Further, the bottom-up approach to classroom practices, in which a particular lesson of a particular content taught by a particular teacher is examined, is necessary for such studies.&nbsp;&nbsp;These studies, although focused on a particular content, will then produce fresh and generalizable insights in teaching and learning processes.

  22. "Salt Does Not Dissolve in Water": The Theory-Ladenness of Observation in School Science Experiments Peer-reviewed

    Yoshifumi Kudo

    Japanese Journal of Psychology in Teaching and Learning 12 (1) 10-20 2016/07/31

    Publisher:

    ISSN: 1880-0718

  23. ルールの適用を阻害する学習者の思考過程の検討―ルールによる仮説的判断の難しさ― Peer-reviewed

    佐藤誠子, 工藤与志文

    教授学習心理学研究 11 (2) 54-65 2015/12

    Publisher:

    ISSN: 1880-0718

  24. 小学校理科実験の材料選択に関する教員志望学生の認識 ―「教科書にない例」の選択の是非を中心に―

    工藤与志文, 小石川秀一

    東北大学大学院教育学研究科研究年報 63 (2) 67-77 2015/06

    Publisher:

    ISSN: 1346-5740

  25. 「代理的知識操作」としての発問 ―「知識操作」の観点による理科授業の分析― Peer-reviewed

    工藤与志文

    教授学習心理学研究 11 (1) 18-27 2015/06

    Publisher:

    ISSN: 1880-0718

  26. PE025 ル・バーはいかにしてルールの学習を妨害するか : 直観に反する仮説的判断の困難さについて(教授・学習・認知,ポスター発表E)

    工藤 与志文, 佐藤 誠子

    日本教育心理学会総会発表論文集 57 448-448 2015

    Publisher: 日本教育心理学会

    DOI: 10.20587/pamjaep.57.0_448  

  27. PC035 概念モデルにおける具体的情報の学習妨害効果(教授・学習・認知,ポスター発表C)

    工藤 与志文

    日本教育心理学会総会発表論文集 56 386-386 2014

    Publisher: 日本教育心理学会

    DOI: 10.20587/pamjaep.56.0_386  

  28. Problems Relating to Insufficient Abstraction of Knowledge Representation in Rule Learning Peer-reviewed

    Yoshifumi Kudo

    JAPANESE JOURNAL OF EDUCATIONAL PSYCHOLOGY 61 (3) 239-250 2013/09

    DOI: 10.5926/jjep.61.239  

    ISSN: 0021-5015

  29. How can we encourage learners to apply the rule of seed plants? Peer-reviewed

    SATO,Seiko, KUDO,Yoshifumi

    Japanese Journal of Psychology in teaching and learning 9 (1) 1-11 2013/06

    Publisher:

    ISSN: 1880-0718

  30. 説明的文章における「道徳的誤読」の生起は論理操作水準と関連するか?

    舛田弘子, 工藤与志文

    札幌学院大学人文学会紀要 (93) 1-16 2013/02

    Publisher:

    ISSN: 0916-3166

  31. Can Educational Psychology Approach Key Questions in the Study of Teaching and Learning Particular Subject Matter ? (2)

    NISHIBAYASHI Katsuhiko, MIYAZAKI Kiyotaka, KUDO Yoshifumi, ICHIKAWA Shinichi

    The Annual Report of Educational Psychology in Japan 52 225-229 2013

    Publisher: The Japanese Association of Educational Psychology

    DOI: 10.5926/arepj.52.225  

    ISSN: 0452-9650

  32. 理科授業における子どもの認識とそれに関する教師の認識とのずれについて―小5「電流が生み出す力」における事例から学ぶ― Peer-reviewed

    工藤与志文, 小石川秀一

    教授学習心理学研究 8 (1) 42-48 2012/06/18

    Publisher: The Japanese Association of Psychology in Teaching and Learning

    DOI: 10.20629/japtl.8.1_42  

    ISSN: 1880-0718

  33. Teachers college students' evaluation of "abductive reasoning" in science learning

    KUDO,Yoshifumi

    Annual Report,Graduate School of Education,Tohoku University 59 (2) 23-37 2011

    Publisher:

    ISSN: 1346-5740

  34. Ru-bar and teaching strategies for changing ru-bar system Invited Peer-reviewed

    KUDO,Yoshifumi

    Japanese Psychological Review 54 (3) 312-327 2011

    Publisher:

    ISSN: 0386-1058

  35. The effects relational structure in the proposition of the rule on learners' operational thinking and abduction.

    KUDO,Yoshifumi

    Annual Report,Graduate School of Education,Tohoku University 58 (2) 65-83 2010

    Publisher:

    ISSN: 1346-5740

  36. The role of operational thinking in rule learning:Review and perspective. Peer-reviewed

    KUDO,Yoshifumi

    The Japanese Journal of Psychology in Teaching and Learning 6 (1) 29-41 2010

    Publisher: The Japanese Association of Psychology in Teaching and Learning

    DOI: 10.20629/japtl.6.1_29  

    ISSN: 1880-0718

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    Many recent studies have reported on the effects of learners' mental operation on the propositions of the rule on rule learning. This article argued that operational thinking was extremely important in rule learning, and showed that the reason why this factor had not received the attention in past studies was the researchers' narrow viewpoints on rule learning. In addition, the article proposed a classification of the operations into three categories: variable operation, relational operation, and abstraction operation. Finally, recent studies on the operational thinking and rule learning were reviewed and some directions for future study were suggested.

  37. 理科単元学習における「縦断的関連づけ」の効果 Peer-reviewed

    工藤与志文

    日本教育心理学会第50回総会発表論文集 S84 2009/08

  38. 大学における「体験型学習」の有効性に関する教育心理学的研究―子どもを対象とした大学地域連携活動(SGU遊ベンチャー)を対象に-

    舛田弘子, 工藤与志文

    札幌学院大学人文学会紀要 (85) 103-121 2009/03/30

    Publisher:

    ISSN: 0916-3166

  39. 概念的知識の転移可能性に及ぼす「操作事例」提示の効果

    工藤与志文

    日本教授学習心理学会第5回年会予稿集 22-23 2009

  40. カテゴリー的ルールの操作可能性に及ぼす連合的ルール教示の効果

    工藤与志文

    日本教育心理学会第50回総会発表論文集 50 172-172 2008/09

    Publisher:

    DOI: 10.20587/pamjaep.50.0_172  

  41. 「面積公式」の学習を問い直す

    工藤与志文

    日本教育心理学会第50回総会発表論文集 S15 2008/09

  42. 「誤前提課題」を評価課題に用いた教授学習実験の概観と展望 Peer-reviewed

    工藤与志文

    教授学習心理学研究 4 (1) 40-49 2008/06/18

    Publisher: The Japanese Association of Psychology in Teaching and Learning

    DOI: 10.20629/japtl.4.1_40  

    ISSN: 1880-0718

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    The "False Premise Task" (FPT) is one that asks learners to answer a question based on a false premise that contradicts contents of the learning material. To answer the FPT correctly the learners should not give an answer directly but point out the mistake of the premise. Until now, the FPT has been used as an instructional measure in several experimental studies of the teaching -learning process. The purpose of this paper is to review 6 studies using the FPT. The results indicate that FPT was more difficult to resolve than the retention task and the transfer task, and detected most sensitively effects of instructional variables, especially instruction that helped learners interrelate knowledge. Judging from the above, it was suggested that (a)FPT was available as a knowledge assessment technique that was different from the retention task and the transfer task;(b)the learners who succeeded in resolving the FPT might be on the level of knowledge that enables them to apply acquired knowledge to the control of their reasoning processes;(c)teaching that emphasizes the interrelations of knowledge had positive effect on the control application of knowledge. Finally, some implications to future study and educational practice were discussed.

  43. 概念的知識の適用を阻害する要因について-「等周長問題」はなぜ難しいのか?-

    工藤与志文

    札幌学院大学人文学会紀要 83 (83) 1-15 2008/03/12

    Publisher: Sapporo Gakuin University

    ISSN: 0916-3166

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    The purpose of this paper is to examine some factors obstructing application of conceptual knowledge as an example of problem solving process. The "same perimeter problem (SPP) " is a task that asks whether the area of a transformed parallelogram in which only the angles have been changed is equal to the area of the original rectangle.SPP can be solved easily by using an area formula of parallelogram.But some published researches have reported that even university students sometimes judge incorrectly that the two areas are equal because the two perimeter remain the same.Two experiments were carried out in order to analysis the processes of solving SPP.In first experiment it was investigated whether an intervention that attract subjects' attention to "height and base" helped them solve SPP by using the formula. As the result the intervention was of no effect and increased the subjects who misjudged on the irrational grounds that the base and height of both shapes remained the same.In second experiment subjects were set a new version of SPP to which parallel lines that indicated the height of the shapes were added.The result showed that most subjects judged correctly that the area of the transformed shape was smaller and could give a valid reason that the height lowered after the trasformation.Thus it suggests that the factors obstructing a use of the formula are subjects' tendencies (l) to decide as to what knowledge should be accessed on the base of certain surface features of the problem and (2) to seek information consistent with their intuitive beliefs.The relation of these tendencies to "two systems of reasoning" by S. A. Sloman (1996, 2002) was also discussed.

  44. 天文現象に関する大学生の認識調査-教職をめざす学生の場合-

    工藤与志文, 小石川秀一

    日本教授学習心理学会第4回年会予稿集 14-15 2008

  45. 「等周長問題」の解決はなぜ難しいのか

    工藤与志文

    日本教育心理学会第49回総会発表論文集 49 165-165 2007/08

    Publisher:

    DOI: 10.20587/pamjaep.49.0_165  

  46. 教科密着型研究および教科借用型研究をめぐって Invited Peer-reviewed

    工藤与志文

    教育心理学年報 46 92-101 2007/03/30

    Publisher:

    ISSN: 0452-9650

  47. 大学生の誤った知識の保持状況~複数の領域に着目して~

    白井秀明, 荒井龍弥, 宇野忍, 斉藤裕, 工藤与志文, 舛田弘子

    日本教育心理学会第48回総会発表論文集 48 147-148 2006/08/21

    Publisher:

    DOI: 10.20587/pamjaep.48.0_147  

  48. ルール学習に及ぼす「極端例」教示の効果

    工藤与志文

    日本教育心理学会第48回総会発表論文集 48 335-335 2006/08/21

    Publisher:

    DOI: 10.20587/pamjaep.48.0_335  

  49. 小学生の単元進行に伴う学力差拡大状況の実態とその是正のための教授法の開発

    白井秀明, 宇野忍, 荒井龍弥, 工藤与志文, 佐藤淳

    科学研究費基盤研究(C)研究成果報告書 2006/03

  50. 「三態変化」に関するル・バーの修正に及ぼす教示情報解釈の影響 Peer-reviewed

    工藤与志文

    日本教授学習心理学会第2回年会予稿集 18-19 2006

  51. 小学生の溶解時の重さ判断に及ぼす物質の基礎概念学習挿入の効果-6年単元「水よう液の性質とはたらき」を対象として-

    白井秀明, 工藤与志文, 荒井龍弥, 宇野忍, 佐藤淳

    日本教授学習心理学会第2回年会予稿集 32-33 2006

  52. 小学生の物質の基礎概念理解に及ぼす関連づけ教授の効果

    荒井龍弥, 宇野忍, 工藤与志文, 白井秀明, 佐藤淳

    日本教授学習心理学会第2回年会予稿集 34-35 2006

  53. 小学生の植物単元学習における単元間の「縦断的関連づけ」の効果 Peer-reviewed

    工藤与志文, 宇野忍, 白井秀明, 荒井龍弥

    教授学習心理学研究 1 (2) 76-88 2005/12/18

    Publisher: The Japanese Association of Psychology in Teaching and Learning

    DOI: 10.20629/japtl.1.2_76  

    ISSN: 1880-0718

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    In science of elementary school, concepts of germination, flower, and photosynthesis are taught separately in different grades. In our previous study, it was revealed that children could not relate these three contents spontaneously. In order to encourage children to relate these three contents spontaneously, we developed a teaching program, "life cycle of plants" and examined it's effectiveness. Thirty sixth graders were taught by the text, "life cycle of plants" after the class in photosynthesis. When children reflected survival strategies of plants in each stage of their life cycle, they activated and utilized their previous knowledge of germination, concepts of flower, and organ for photosynthesis. In the post test, questions concerning conditions of germination, concepts of flower, and organ for photosynthesis were asked. They obtained higher score than children in our previous study. What's more, those who had not learned the conditions of germination and denotation of flower in their previous school year could obtain high score in this test. The teaching program was proved to be effective.

  54. 概念的知識の適用可能性に及ぼす知識操作水準の影響-平行四辺形求積公式の場合- Peer-reviewed

    工藤与志文

    教育心理学研究 53 (3) 405-413 2005/09/30

    Publisher: The Japanese Association of Educational Psychology

    DOI: 10.5926/jjep1953.53.3_405  

    ISSN: 0021-5015

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    The "same perimeter problem" is a task that asks whether the area of a transformed parallelogram in which only the angles have been changed is equal to the area of the original parallelogram. This problem can be solved easily by using an area formula. However, because the 2 perimeters remain the same, even university students sometimes judge incorrectly that the 2 areas are equal. Published research has suggested that the origin of this misjudgment may be not only in problems with inert knowledge, but may be also due to difficulties in the operation of knowledge representation. In the present study, 106 university freshmen and sophomores were presented with 2 versions of the same perimeter problem. One version had a hint about using the area formula, and the other, no hint. The students completed a questionnaire that measured their operational level of knowledge of the formula. The results were as follows: (1) the high level of knowledge no-hint group could answer correctly at a high rate; (2) the hint had little effect on the performance of the low level group; and (3) the students who answered incorrectlyafter being given the hint considered the formula to be only a calculation procedure. It was suggested that learners' operational level of knowledge representation is an important factor in predicting whether they can apply their conceptual knowledge.

  55. 概念的知識の活性化に及ぼす課題形式の影響-「食性と歯の関係」に関する知識を対象にして-

    工藤与志文

    日本教育心理学会第47回総会発表論文集 47 399-399 2005/07/31

    Publisher:

    DOI: 10.20587/pamjaep.47.0_399  

  56. 小学生の植物単元学習に関する縦断的研究―単元内容の自発的関連づけに注目して― Peer-reviewed

    工藤与志文, 宇野忍, 白井秀明, 荒井龍弥

    教授学習心理学研究 1 (1) 37-47 2005/06/18

    Publisher: The Japanese Association of Psychology in Teaching and Learning

    DOI: 10.20629/japtl.1.1_37  

    ISSN: 1880-0718

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    The purpose of this longitudinal research was to clarify whether learners could maintain their learning effects of plants through three units of science learnt by the fifth grader and sixth grader in elementary school and to examine whether the learners could link new knowledge to old knowledge by themselves without teacher's support. The investigation about change in each understanding of germination, flower, and photosynthesis was made on the same 33 school children through pretest, posttest and delayed test. As a result, 1) As a whole tendency, high learning effect by teaching was slightly obtained but it was lost with the passage of time. 2) "Recovery" in the flower tests before and after the class of photosynthesis was assumed to be a sigh of children's own linking. The very few leaners showed the recovery. They tended to show high level of understanding of flower, photosynthesis. These results suggested that the learners tend to learn unit's contents without interrelating by themselves and that their understanding could be promoted by teacher's help for interrelating.

  57. 小学生の物質の基礎概念理解に関する横断的研究

    荒井龍弥, 宇野忍, 工藤与志文, 白井秀明

    日本教授学習心理学会第1回年会予稿集 50-51 2005

  58. 小学生の溶解時の重さ判断に及ぼす物質の基礎概念学習の影響-5年単元「もののとけ方」を対象として-

    白井秀明, 工藤与志文, 荒井龍弥, 宇野忍

    日本教授学習心理学会第1回年会予稿集 52-53 2005

  59. 大学生の心理学に関する「素朴概念」-本学人文学部生を対象にして-

    工藤与志文, 鈴木健太郎, 小林好和

    札幌学院大学人文学会紀要 76 (76) 1-16 2004/12/20

    Publisher: Sapporo Gakuin University

    ISSN: 0916-3166

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    This research examines "naive concept" of psychology among university students. We surveyed 185 university students by questionnaire about their basic understanding of psychology, before they began their specialized education. It was found that (1) respondents had a limited understanding of the objects and methods of psychological research, (2) respondents tended to overestimate the effectiveness of psychological solutions to social problems, (3) respondents tended not to regard psychology as being scientific. This information promises to be very important for curriculum reform at the university.

  60. 小学生の学力差拡大傾向抑制をめざした単元間の関連づけ授業の効果

    工藤与志文, 宇野忍, 白井秀明, 荒井龍弥

    日本教育心理学会第46回総会発表論文集 46 206-209 2004/09/10

    Publisher:

    DOI: 10.20587/pamjaep.46.0_206  

  61. 誤った知識の保持状況と修正過程に関する研究―小学校の誤概念はひとりでに修正されるのか―

    荒井龍弥, 宇野忍, 斉藤裕, 工藤与志文, 白井秀明, 舛田弘子

    科学研究費基盤研究(C)研究成果報告書 2004/03

  62. PB099 小学生の学力差拡大傾向抑制をめざした単元間の関連づけ授業の効果(3)(ポスター発表B,研究発表)

    白井 秀明, 荒井 龍弥, 工藤 与志文, 宇野 忍

    日本教育心理学会総会発表論文集 46 208-208 2004

    Publisher: 日本教育心理学会

    DOI: 10.20587/pamjaep.46.0_208  

  63. PB098 小学生の学力差拡大傾向抑制をめざした単元間の関連づけ授業の効果(2)(ポスター発表B,研究発表)

    宇野 忍, 白井 秀明, 荒井 龍弥, 工藤 与志文

    日本教育心理学会総会発表論文集 46 207-207 2004

    Publisher: 日本教育心理学会

    DOI: 10.20587/pamjaep.46.0_207  

  64. 等周長問題の解決における「不活性知識」としての求積公式-大学生を対象とした事例研究-

    工藤与志文

    札幌学院大学人文学会紀要 74 (74) 27-40 2003/12/25

    Publisher: Sapporo Gakuin University

    ISSN: 0916-3166

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    The purpose of present study was to analyse the application processes of area formula to a parallelogram transformation problem and to examine the role of "operation of knowledge" in the "inert knowledge problem". 8 university students were asked to answer the transformation problem and to have a discussion on their answer to the problem each other. From analysis of the discussion record, the following results were obtained: (1) the knowledge on parallelogram area formula was not used spontaneously for the problem solving and remained "inert"; (2) few students could give correct answers in spite of being given a hint that the area formula was available; (3) it was observed that a student greatly changed his idea as a result of appropriately operating the knowledge on area formula. Therefore, it was suggested that in order to attack the inert knowledge problem effectively, the possibility of operation of knowledge representation should be emphasized.

  65. 植物概念理解とその変化に関する縦断的研究

    工藤与志文, 宇野忍, 白井秀明, 荒井龍弥

    日本教育心理学会第45回総会発表論文集 45 392-395 2003/07/05

    Publisher:

    DOI: 10.20587/pamjaep.45.0_395  

  66. PD73 植物概念理解とその変化に関する縦断的研究(3)(教授・学習,ポスター発表D)

    白井 秀明, 荒井 龍弥, 工藤 与志文, 宇野 忍

    日本教育心理学会総会発表論文集 45 394-394 2003

    Publisher: 日本教育心理学会

    DOI: 10.20587/pamjaep.45.0_394  

  67. PD72 植物概念理解とその変化に関する縦断的研究(2)(教授・学習,ポスター発表D)

    宇野 忍, 白井 秀明, 荒井 龍弥, 工藤 与志文

    日本教育心理学会総会発表論文集 45 393-393 2003

    Publisher: 日本教育心理学会

    DOI: 10.20587/pamjaep.45.0_393  

  68. Reception Learning of Concepts: Learners' Interpretations of Instructions and Generalization of Knowledge Peer-reviewed

    Yoshifumi Kudo

    Japanese Journal of Educational Psychology 51 (3) 281-287 2003

    Publisher: Japanese Association of Educational Psychology

    DOI: 10.5926/jjep1953.51.3_281  

    ISSN: 0021-5015

  69. 小学生の植物概念理解におよぼす単元間の統合的意味づけの効果(3) : 植物のライフサイクルを用いて

    白井 秀明, 荒井 龍弥, 工藤 与志文, 宇野 忍

    日本教育心理学会総会発表論文集 44 190-190 2002

    Publisher: 日本教育心理学会

    DOI: 10.20587/pamjaep.44.0_190  

  70. 小学生の植物概念理解におよぼす単元間の統合的意味づけの効果(1) : 植物のライフサイクルを用いて

    工藤 与志文, 宇野 忍, 白井 秀明, 荒井 龍弥

    日本教育心理学会総会発表論文集 44 188-188 2002

    Publisher: 日本教育心理学会

    DOI: 10.20587/pamjaep.44.0_188  

  71. 小学生の植物概念理解におよぼす単元間の統合的意味づけの効果(4) : 植物のライフサイクルを用いて

    荒井 龍弥, 工藤 与志文, 宇野 忍, 白井 秀明

    日本教育心理学会総会発表論文集 44 191-191 2002

    Publisher: 日本教育心理学会

    DOI: 10.20587/pamjaep.44.0_191  

  72. 小学生の植物概念理解におよぼす単元間の統合的意味づけの効果(2) : 植物のライフサイクルを用いて

    宇野 忍, 白井 秀明, 荒井 龍弥, 工藤 与志文

    日本教育心理学会総会発表論文集 44 189-189 2002

    Publisher: 日本教育心理学会

    DOI: 10.20587/pamjaep.44.0_189  

  73. PG60 小学生の運動物体の質量判断に関する実践的研究 (3) : 静止物体の質量保存・加法性理解との関連を中心に

    白井 秀明, 荒井 龍弥, 宇野 忍, 工藤 与志文

    日本教育心理学会総会発表論文集 43 676-676 2001

    Publisher: 日本教育心理学会

    DOI: 10.20587/pamjaep.43.0_676  

  74. PG58 小学生の運動物体の質量判断に関する実践的研究 (1) : 静止物体の質量保存・加法性理解との関連を中心に

    工藤 与志文, 宇野 忍, 荒井 龍弥, 白井 秀明

    日本教育心理学会総会発表論文集 43 674-674 2001

    Publisher: 日本教育心理学会

    DOI: 10.20587/pamjaep.43.0_674  

  75. PG59 小学生の運動物体の質量判断に関する実践的研究 (2) : 静止物体の質量保存・加法性理解との関連を中心に

    宇野 忍, 白井 秀明, 荒井 龍弥, 工藤 与志文

    日本教育心理学会総会発表論文集 43 675-675 2001

    Publisher: 日本教育心理学会

    DOI: 10.20587/pamjaep.43.0_675  

  76. PG61 小学生の運動物体の質量判断に関する実践的研究 (4) : 静止物体の質量保存・加法性理解との関連を中心に

    荒井 龍弥, 白井 秀明, 工藤 与志文, 宇野 忍

    日本教育心理学会総会発表論文集 43 677-677 2001

    Publisher: 日本教育心理学会

    DOI: 10.20587/pamjaep.43.0_677  

  77. Teaching by Using Boundary Instances: Modifying Underkeneralized Misconceptions in Elementary School Children's Conceptual Learning About Animals

    ARAI TATSUYA, UNO SHINOBU, KUDO YOSHIFUMI, SHIRAI HIDEAKI

    The Japanese Journal of Educational Psychology 49 (2) 230-239 2001

    Publisher: The Japanese Association of Educational Psychology

    DOI: 10.5926/jjep1953.49.2_230  

    ISSN: 0021-5015

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    The present study focuses on elementary school children's undergeneralized misconceptions about animals, and examines the effectiveness for modifying these misconceptions of a teaching method using boundary instances. The main hypothesis was that elementary school children's undergeneralized concepts about animals could be effectively changed into a more scientific concept by teaching with boundary instances. 3 experiments were conducted to test this hypothesis; each experiment was performed in the context of classroom science teaching in elementary school fifth grade classes, and consisted of 3 sessions: pretesting, teaching and discussing with a videotaped aid, and post-testing. In the first and third experiments, plankton in water and shellfish respectively were adopted as boundary instances, and a videotaped aid that showed eating, moving, and excreting scenes for each respectively was used. The results of these 2 experiments did not clearly show conceptual change. In the second experiment, a revised version of the videotaped aid that treated scenes of both plankton and shellfish were used. The results showed that the ratio of correct answers increased greatly for all problems, and thus that the hypothesis was supported. The results demonstrated that teaching with paired use of 2 kinds of boundary instances is effective for modifying undergeneralized misconceptions.

  78. PA57 小学校植物関連単元における学習効果の相互作用について (1) : 縦断的方法を用いて

    工藤 与志文, 白井 秀明, 荒井 龍弥

    日本教育心理学会総会発表論文集 42 57-57 2000

    Publisher: 日本教育心理学会

    DOI: 10.20587/pamjaep.42.0_57  

  79. PA59 小学校植物関連単元における学習効果の相互作用について (3) : 縦断的方法を用いて

    荒井 龍弥, 工藤 与志文, 白井 秀明

    日本教育心理学会総会発表論文集 42 59-59 2000

    Publisher: 日本教育心理学会

    DOI: 10.20587/pamjaep.42.0_59  

  80. PA58 小学校植物関連単元における学習効果の相互作用について (2) : 縦断的方法を用いて

    白井 秀明, 工藤 与志文, 荒井 龍弥

    日本教育心理学会総会発表論文集 42 58-58 2000

    Publisher: 日本教育心理学会

    DOI: 10.20587/pamjaep.42.0_58  

  81. PG55 運動物体の重さ判断における誤ルール

    工藤 与志文, 宇野 忍, 荒井 龍弥, 白井 秀明

    日本教育心理学会総会発表論文集 41 720-720 1999

    Publisher: 日本教育心理学会

    DOI: 10.20587/pamjaep.41.0_720  

  82. 口頭発表 3-1 小学生の運動物体の「重さ」判断の修正について(1)

    荒井 龍弥, 白井 秀明, 宇野 忍, 工藤 与志文

    日本教育心理学会総会発表論文集 41 114-114 1999

    Publisher: 日本教育心理学会

    DOI: 10.20587/pamjaep.41.0_114  

  83. 口頭発表 3-2 小学生の運動物体の「重さ」判断の修正について(2)

    白井 秀明, 荒井 龍弥, 宇野 忍, 工藤 与志文

    日本教育心理学会総会発表論文集 41 115-115 1999

    Publisher: 日本教育心理学会

    DOI: 10.20587/pamjaep.41.0_115  

  84. 教授過程 E-1 一貫した判断基準としての「電流モデル」の形成(1) : "通電と仕事の関係" 教授の効果

    白井 秀明, 荒井 龍弥, 宇野 忍, 工藤 与志文

    日本教育心理学会総会発表論文集 40 269-269 1998

    Publisher: 日本教育心理学会

    DOI: 10.20587/pamjaep.40.0_269  

  85. 教授過程 E-3 一貫した判断基準としての「電流モデル」の形成(3) : "通電と仕事の関係" 教授の効果

    工藤 与志文, 荒井 龍弥, 宇野 忍, 白井 秀明

    日本教育心理学会総会発表論文集 40 271-271 1998

    Publisher: 日本教育心理学会

    DOI: 10.20587/pamjaep.40.0_271  

  86. 教授過程 E-2 一貫した判断基準としての「電流モデル」の形成(2) : "通電と仕事の関係" 教授の効果

    荒井 龍弥, 宇野 忍, 工藤 与志文, 白井 秀明

    日本教育心理学会総会発表論文集 40 270-270 1998

    Publisher: 日本教育心理学会

    DOI: 10.20587/pamjaep.40.0_270  

  87. 単純回路に関する電流モデルの修正に及ぼす「初等電磁気学」教授の効果(2) : 小学6年生理科「電流のはたらき」を対象にして

    荒井 龍弥, 宇野 忍, 白井 秀明, 工藤 与志文

    日本教育心理学会総会発表論文集 39 514-514 1997

    Publisher: 日本教育心理学会

    DOI: 10.20587/pamjaep.39.0_514  

  88. 単純回路に関する電流モデルの修正に及ぼす「初等電磁気学」教授の効果 (4) : 小学6年生理科「電流の働き」を対象にして

    白井 秀明, 工藤 与志文, 荒井 龍弥, 宇野 忍

    日本教育心理学会総会発表論文集 39 516-516 1997

    Publisher: 日本教育心理学会

    DOI: 10.20587/pamjaep.39.0_516  

  89. 単純回路に関する電流モデルの修正に及ぼす「初等電磁気学」教授の効果(1) : 小学6年生理科「電流のはたらき」を対象にして

    工藤 与志文, 荒井 龍弥, 宇野 忍, 白井 秀明

    日本教育心理学会総会発表論文集 39 513-513 1997

    Publisher: 日本教育心理学会

    DOI: 10.20587/pamjaep.39.0_513  

  90. 単純回路に関する電流モデルの修正に及ぼす「初等電磁気学」教授の効果(3) : 小学6年生理科「電流のはたらき」を対象にして

    宇野 忍, 白井 秀明, 工藤 与志文, 荒井 龍弥

    日本教育心理学会総会発表論文集 39 515-515 1997

    Publisher: 日本教育心理学会

    DOI: 10.20587/pamjaep.39.0_515  

  91. 学習 8-7 焦点事例対の違いが小学生の物質概念形成に及ぼす影響(2)

    宇野 忍, 白井 秀明, 工藤 与志文, 荒井 龍弥

    日本教育心理学会総会発表論文集 38 470-470 1996

    Publisher: 日本教育心理学会

    DOI: 10.20587/pamjaep.38.0_470  

  92. 学習 8-8 焦点事例対の違いが小学生の物質概念形成に及ぼす影響(3)

    荒井 龍弥, 宇野 忍, 工藤 与志文, 白井 秀明

    日本教育心理学会総会発表論文集 38 471-471 1996

    Publisher: 日本教育心理学会

    DOI: 10.20587/pamjaep.38.0_471  

  93. 学習 8-6 焦点事例対の違いが小学生の物質概念形成に及ぼす影響(1)

    工藤 与志文, 荒井 龍弥, 宇野 忍, 白井 秀明

    日本教育心理学会総会発表論文集 38 469-469 1996

    Publisher: 日本教育心理学会

    DOI: 10.20587/pamjaep.38.0_469  

  94. G2001 小学生の動物概念学習における境界的事例群の有効性について(1)

    白井 秀明, 工藤 与志文, 宇野 忍, 荒井 龍弥

    日本教育心理学会総会発表論文集 37 336-336 1995

    Publisher: 日本教育心理学会

    DOI: 10.20587/pamjaep.37.0_336  

  95. G2003 小学生の動物概念学習における境界的事例群の有効性について(3)

    荒井 龍弥, 宇野 忍, 白井 秀明, 工藤 与志文

    日本教育心理学会総会発表論文集 37 338-338 1995

    Publisher: 日本教育心理学会

    DOI: 10.20587/pamjaep.37.0_338  

  96. G2002 小学生の動物概念学習における境界的事例群の有効性について(2)

    工藤 与志文, 白井 秀明, 宇野 忍, 荒井 龍弥

    日本教育心理学会総会発表論文集 37 337-337 1995

    Publisher: 日本教育心理学会

    DOI: 10.20587/pamjaep.37.0_337  

  97. 教授過程5006 境界的事例群による小学生の動物概念学習について(2) : 適切属性群間の相互関連性(動物の「かたちとくらし」)の理解を中心に

    工藤 与志文, 白井 秀明, 宇野 忍, 荒井 龍弥

    日本教育心理学会総会発表論文集 36 339-339 1994

    Publisher: 日本教育心理学会

    DOI: 10.20587/pamjaep.36.0_339  

  98. 教授過程5005 境界的事例群による小学生の動物概念学習について(1) : 適切属性群間の相互関連性(動物の「かたちとくらし」)の理解を中心に

    荒井 龍弥, 宇野 忍, 工藤 与志文, 白井 秀明

    日本教育心理学会総会発表論文集 36 338-338 1994

    Publisher: 日本教育心理学会

    DOI: 10.20587/pamjaep.36.0_338  

  99. 教授過程5007 境界的事例群による小学生の動物概念学習について(3) : 適切属性群間の相互関連性(動物の「かたちとくらし」)の理解を中心に

    白井 秀明, 工藤 与志文, 宇野 忍, 荒井 龍弥

    日本教育心理学会総会発表論文集 36 340-340 1994

    Publisher: 日本教育心理学会

    DOI: 10.20587/pamjaep.36.0_340  

  100. 652 小学生の植物生殖概念形成をめざした教授法の研究 : 単元「花から実へ」を対象にして(1)(教授過程(11),口頭発表)

    荒井 龍弥, 宇野 忍, 佐藤 淳, 工藤 与志文

    日本教育心理学会総会発表論文集 34 358-358 1992

    Publisher: 日本教育心理学会

    DOI: 10.20587/pamjaep.34.0_358  

  101. 655 小学生の植物生殖概念形成をめざした教授法の研究 : 単元「花から実へ」を対象にして(4)(教授過程(11),口頭発表)

    佐藤 淳, 工藤 与志文, 荒井 龍弥, 宇野 忍

    日本教育心理学会総会発表論文集 34 361-361 1992

    Publisher: 日本教育心理学会

    DOI: 10.20587/pamjaep.34.0_361  

  102. 654 小学生の植物生殖概念形成をめざした教授法の研究 : 単元「花から実へ」を対象にして(3)(教授過程(11),口頭発表)

    工藤 与志文, 荒井 龍弥, 宇野 忍, 佐藤 淳

    日本教育心理学会総会発表論文集 34 360-360 1992

    Publisher: 日本教育心理学会

    DOI: 10.20587/pamjaep.34.0_360  

  103. 653 小学生の植物生殖概念形成をめざした教授法の研究 : 単元「花から実へ」を対象にして(2)(教授過程(11),口頭発表)

    宇野 忍, 佐藤 淳, 工藤 与志文, 荒井 龍弥

    日本教育心理学会総会発表論文集 34 359-359 1992

    Publisher: 日本教育心理学会

    DOI: 10.20587/pamjaep.34.0_359  

  104. 教授過程 767 小学生の植物生殖概念形成に関する構成法的研究 : 単元「花粉のはたらき」を対象にして(4)

    佐藤 淳, 工藤 与志文, 荒井 龍弥, 宇野 忍

    日本教育心理学会総会発表論文集 33 671-672 1991

    Publisher: 日本教育心理学会

    DOI: 10.20587/pamjaep.33.0_671  

  105. 教授過程 766 小学生の植物生殖概念形成に関する構成法的研究 : 単元「花粉のはたらき」を対象にして(3)

    工藤 与志文, 佐藤 淳, 荒井 龍弥, 宇野 忍

    日本教育心理学会総会発表論文集 33 669-670 1991

    Publisher: 日本教育心理学会

    DOI: 10.20587/pamjaep.33.0_669  

  106. 教授過程 765 小学生の植物生殖概念形成に関する構成法的研究 : 単元「花粉のはたらき」を対象にして(2)

    宇野 忍, 佐藤 淳, 工藤 与志文, 荒井 龍弥

    日本教育心理学会総会発表論文集 33 667-668 1991

    Publisher: 日本教育心理学会

    DOI: 10.20587/pamjaep.33.0_667  

  107. 教授過程 764 小学生の植物生殖概念形成に関する構成法的研究 : 単元「花粉のはたらき」を対象にして(1)

    荒井 龍弥, 宇野 忍, 佐藤 淳, 工藤 与志文

    日本教育心理学会総会発表論文集 33 665-666 1991

    Publisher: 日本教育心理学会

    DOI: 10.20587/pamjaep.33.0_665  

  108. THE EFFECTS OF PROBLEM-TYPES ON SELECTION OF REASONING STRATEGIES IN THE FOUR-CARD PROBLEM

    KUDO Yoshifumi

    The Japanese Journal of Educational Psychology 39 (2) 143-152 1991

    Publisher: The Japanese Association of Educational Psychology

    DOI: 10.5926/jjep1953.39.2_143  

    ISSN: 0021-5015

    More details Close

    It is generally recognized that people tends to select more confirmative strategy (seaching for confirming evidences) than falsificative strategy (searching for falsifying evidences) in hypothesis-testing. Such tendency is also assumed to explain the difficulty of the four-card problem (FCP) because hypothesis-testing is explicit in an ordinary FCP problem-type. Therefore problem-type in which hypothesis-testing is implicit will facilitate a selection of falsificative strategy. In a present study two FCP problem-types were set to undergraduates: a proposition-testing type and an example-testing type. The main results were as follows: (1) in the example-testing type, falsificative strategy was selected most; and no confirmative strategy was seen; (2) the problem-types had no effect in the arbitrary propositions (having the arbitrary connection between the antecedent and consequent); and (3) selection of falsificative strategy in the example-testing type was seen essential to its selection in the proposition-testing type. These results suggested that it was premature to deny thematic material effect in FCP, and responses to FCP could be interpreted by the Vygotsky's zone of proximal development.

  109. EFFECTS OF MIS-RULES ON AREA LEARNING IN SCHOOLCHILDREN

    KUDO Yoshifumi, SHIRAI Hideaki

    The Japanese Journal of Educational Psychology 39 (1) 21-30 1991

    Publisher: The Japanese Association of Educational Psychology

    DOI: 10.5926/jjep1953.39.1_21  

    ISSN: 0021-5015

    More details Close

    The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of learners' existing mis -rules (ru) on area learning. It was inferred that schoolchildren had a ru that if the perimeter of a figure is longer, the area of it is larger (perimeter-ru). The relations between the presence of this ru and the existent education of area were researched. The results were: (i) More than fifty percent of the children in each grade judged areal size in terms of the ru.(ii) The percentage of the ru-response rapidly increased after area learning. These results suggested that (a) the present education of area could not reconstruct the perimeter-ru to the correct rule (ru), and (b) rather, might strengthen misjudgments caused by the perimeter-ru.

  110. A-12 小学生の面積大小判断におよぼす誤ルールの影響(教授過程A)

    白井 秀明, 工藤 与志文

    日本教育心理学会総会発表論文集 31 347-347 1989

    Publisher: 日本教育心理学会

    DOI: 10.20587/pamjaep.31.0_347  

  111. 807 等積問題と等周長問題における面積大小判断の関係(教科I,教授過程1,口頭発表)

    工藤 与志文, 白井 秀明

    日本教育心理学会総会発表論文集 29 774-775 1987

    Publisher: 日本教育心理学会

    DOI: 10.20587/pamjaep.29.0_774  

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Misc. 25

  1. 「知識適用における既知性効果」の一般性およびその発生機序について—The Familiarity Effect in Knowledge Application : Generality and Mechanisms

    工藤 与志文, 佐藤 誠子, 進藤 聡彦

    教育心理学研究 = The Japanese journal of educational psychology / 日本教育心理学会教育心理学研究編集委員会 編 72 (2) 87-98 2024/06

    Publisher: 東京 : 日本教育心理学会

    ISSN: 0021-5015

  2. 学校で学ぶ知識の機能に対する大学生の認識-「知識機能観」尺度構成の試み-

    佐藤誠子, 進藤聡彦, 工藤与志文

    日本教育心理学会総会発表論文集(Web) 66th 2024

    ISSN: 2424-1571

  3. プロジェクト研究 大学におけるエンゲージド・ラーニングに関する研究 : 研究・教育への主体的な関わりに焦点を当てて

    小嶋 秀樹, 八鍬 友広, 工藤 与志文, 石井山 竜平, 後藤 武俊, 井本 佳宏, 熊谷 龍一, 劉 靖, 清水 禎文, 吉植 庄栄, 鈴木 学

    東北大学大学院教育学研究科先端教育研究実践センター年報 (20) 1-3 2020/03

    Publisher: 先端教育研究実践センター

  4. プロジェクト研究 エデュフェア・マインドと学生の学びに関する 研究

    後藤 武俊, 工藤 与志文, 小嶋 秀樹, 石井山 竜平, 八鍬 友広, 井本 佳宏, 熊谷 龍一, 清水 禎文, 古植 庄栄

    東北大学大学院教育学研究科先端教育研究実践センター年報 (19) 5-9 2019/03

    Publisher: 先端教育研究実践センター

  5. プロジェクト研究 大学におけるエンゲージド・ラーニングに関する研究

    八鍬 友広, 工藤 与志文, 小嶋 秀樹, 石井山 竜平, 後藤 武俊, 井本佳宏, 熊谷 龍一, 清水 禎文, 吉植 庄栄, 鈴木 学

    東北大学大学院教育学研究科先端教育研究実践センター年報 (19) 1-3 2019/03

    Publisher: 先端教育研究実践センター

  6. 投書 教授学習研究と教科学習の「密着度」について考える

    工藤 与志文

    教授学習心理学研究 9 (2) 102-104 2013/12

    Publisher: 日本教授学習心理学会

    ISSN: 1880-0718

  7. かけ算の意味理解を促すための問題状況の図示の試み--学習支援教室に参加する児童への教授活動を事例として

    宮田 佳緒里, 蛯名 正司, 工藤 与志文

    東北大学大学院教育学研究科教育ネットワークセンター年報 (11) 53-60 2011/03

    Publisher: 教育ネットワークセンター

  8. 知識を活用する作業的活動が学習への興味促進に及ぼす効果--中学2年生を対象とした事例的検討

    蛯名 正司, 宮田 佳緒里, 工藤 与志文

    東北大学大学院教育学研究科教育ネットワークセンター年報 (11) 43-51 2011/03

    Publisher: 教育ネットワークセンター

  9. 教科書は薄い方がよいか?―学習の量・質をめぐる問題とそのメタファー―

    工藤与志文

    SGU教師教育研究 (23) 1-6 2009/03/31

  10. 「面積公式」の学習を問い直す(授業を見る,語る,研究する-小学校算数「台形の面積」の授業を例にして-,準備委員会企画シンポジウム,I 日本教育心理学会第50回総会概要)

    工藤 与志文

    教育心理学年報 48 34-35 2009

    Publisher: 日本教育心理学会

  11. 「知識を活用する力」について考える-「全国学力調査」結果を素材にして-

    工藤与志文

    SGU教師教育研究 (22) 1-6 2008/03/31

  12. 単元どうしを関連づけて知識のネットワークを作ろう-小学校植物単元を例に-

    工藤与志文

    理科教室 50 34-40 2007/10/01

    Publisher: 日本標準

  13. 「概算的思考」のすすめ-正答主義の克服のために-

    工藤与志文

    SGU教師教育研究 (19) 1-6 2005/03/31

  14. On formation of a scientific conceptual model of electric current in simple circuits which children can use consistently in many problem solving situations: on the subject of the science unit titled "function of electric current" for sixth graders in elementary school

    9 37-45 2003/03/25

    Publisher: 東北教育心理学研究会

    ISSN: 0911-9515

  15. Examples as a Direct Source for Concept Reception Learning

    Yoshifumi Kudo, Faculty of Humanities Sapporo Gakuin University

    Journal of the Society of Humanities (71) 77-93 2002/03/25

    Publisher: 札幌学院大学人文学会

    ISSN: 0916-3166

  16. "Labeling Effect" on Misconceptions in Studying History

    Yoshifumi Kudo, Faculty of Humanities Sapporo Gakuin University

    Journal of the Society of Humanities (70) 51-61 2001/12/01

    Publisher: 札幌学院大学人文学会

    ISSN: 0916-3166

  17. 概念教授事態における教授者の事例選択ストラテジーについて--仮想的な概念教授事態における反応の分析

    工藤 与志文

    東北大学教育学部研究年報 (47) 1-14 1999/03

    Publisher: 東北大学教育学部

    ISSN: 0493-3958

  18. 縮小過剰型誤概念の属性構造が文章教材の読解に及ぼす影響--「ドヒャ-型ストラテジ-」に基づいた文章教材を用いて

    工藤 与志文

    東北大学教育学部研究年報 (46) 127-142 1998/03

    Publisher: 東北大学教育学部

    ISSN: 0493-3958

  19. Strategies for Hypothesis Testing in Scientific Investigation--A Case Study in Undergraduate Students in Educational Psychology

    KUDO Yoshifumi

    The annual reports of the Faculty of Education, Tohoku University 45 55-67 1997

    Publisher: Tohoku University

    ISSN: 0493-3958

  20. THE EFFECT OF RULE INSTRUCTION ON BELIEF-DEPENDENT MISREADING OF A SCIENCE TEXT

    KUDO Yoshifumi

    The Japanese journal of educational psychology. 45 (1) 41-50 1997

    Publisher: 日本教育心理学協会

    ISSN: 0021-5015

    More details Close

    College students numbering 206 were examined on their beliefs of the movement of sunflowers, and 112 students who had the false belief participated also in the experiment. The subjects were asked to read the science text which explained the facts that contradicted their beliefs in the following three conditions : (a) the photosynthetic rule was instructed, and the contradictory facts were referred to as examples of the rule ; (b) the photosynthetic rule was instructed, but the facts were referred independently from the rule ; and (c) only the facts were presented. The subjects were then put to some reading comprehension tests. The frequencies in the occurrence of belief-dependent misreading (BDM) on the tests were analysed. The following results were obtained : (1) There were less BDMs in the condition of the rule and example than in the other two conditions ; (2) there were no less BDMs in the condition of the rule and facts than in the condition of the facts only. There findings suggested that the instruction in the relation of the rule and example was useful in order to avoid BDM.

  21. THE APPLICATION OF "CONTEXT EFFECT" TO THE TEACHING OF THE READING OF JAPANESE CLASSICS FOR NOVICE READERS

    MASUDA Hiroko, KUDO Yoshifumi

    The Japanese journal of educational psychology. 44 (4) 445-453 1996

    Publisher: 日本教育心理学協会

    ISSN: 0021-5015

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    The aim of this study was to examine the applicability of "context effect" to the teaching method of Japanese classics for readers lacking proficiency in grammar and words. A total of 100 junior college students in two classes participated in the experimental teaching program. The teaching materials were : (1) a story of Edo period as the main material ; (2) a comic the source of which was the story as the contextual material. In the program, students were asked to read the comic and the original story, then were asked to answer the syntactical and semantical questions on the story. Each question was categorized 2(context-dependent/independent) × 2(context-available/unavailable). The subjects' responses to questions on the original story during classworks, and their impressions of the teaching method were analyzed. The result was that the use of the material providing context was effective in order to assist subjects' reading comprehension of the original story. The result suggested that the top-down type of teaching method was useful to novice readers.

  22. The Effects of Readers' Misconception on the Comprehension of a Science Text

    KUDO Yoshifumi

    The Science of reading 37 (2) 68-76 1993

    Publisher: 学術雑誌目次速報データベース由来

    ISSN: 0387-284X

  23. The Role of Pictorial Materials in Rule Learning

    KUDO Yoshifumi, UNO Shinobu

    The annual reports of the Faculty of Education, Tohoku University 40 73-91 1992

    Publisher: Tohoku University

    ISSN: 0493-3958

  24. A REAPPRAISAL OF EVIDENCE FOR TYPICALITY EFFECT IN PROBLEM SOLVING

    KUDO Yoshifumi, OTOMO Yuko

    The Japanese journal of educational psychology. 40 (3) 331-339 1992

    Publisher: 日本教育心理学協会

    ISSN: 0021-5015

    More details Close

    Recent experiments (Magara, 1989) demonstrated that a high typicality instance (the pig) showed more positive effects than a low typicality instance (the silk worm) on learning from reading materials describing some properties of the livestock. And such results were discussed from the viewpoint of "typicality effect". The purpose of the present paper was to find an explanation to the methodological problem in original researches, and to confirm again "typicality effect". The obtained results failed to come to a proper replication. The original findings might be accounted for by the fact that most subjects are inclined to place high typicality instances rather than low ones in the category concerned in their pre-existing knowledge.

  25. The effects of argument-type and verification-type strategies on rule learning

    Kudoh Yoshifumi

    Memoirs of Iwaki Junior College 15 7-20 1990/01

    Publisher: Higashi Nippon International University

    ISSN: 0286-0864

Show all ︎Show first 5

Books and Other Publications 5

  1. 思考力を育む「知識操作」の心理学

    工藤与志文, 進藤聡彦, 麻柄啓一

    新曜社 2022/02

    ISBN: 9784788517547

  2. 教師のための説明実践の心理学 = Explanatory psychology for teachers

    山本, 博樹

    ナカニシヤ出版 2019/10

    ISBN: 9784779514111

  3. 児童心理学の進歩 2017年版

    工藤 与志文

    金子書房 2017/06

  4. 探究!教育心理学の世界

    Yoshifumi Kudo

    新曜社 2017/03/07

  5. 学習者の誤った知識をどう修正するか-ル・バー修正ストラテジーの研究-

    麻柄啓一, 進藤聡彦, 工藤与志文, 立木徹, 植松公威, 伏見陽児

    東北大学出版会 2006/10/10

Research Projects 18

  1. ルールベーストアプローチによる発展的学習に関する教育心理学的研究

    工藤 与志文, 佐藤 誠子, 進藤 聡彦

    Offer Organization: 日本学術振興会

    System: 科学研究費助成事業

    Category: 基盤研究(C)

    Institution: 東北大学

    2025/04/01 - 2030/03/31

  2. ゲノムコホート研究でのインフォームド・アセント用ICT資材開発と評価に関する研究

    小林 朋子, 工藤 与志文, 石山 ゐづ美, 浅井 篤

    Offer Organization: 日本学術振興会

    System: 科学研究費助成事業

    Category: 基盤研究(B)

    Institution: 東北大学

    2021/04/01 - 2026/03/31

  3. 学校教育で獲得された科学的知識の転移およびその抑制・促進要因に関する研究

    工藤 与志文, 進藤聡彦, 佐藤誠子

    Offer Organization: 日本学術振興会

    System: 科学研究費助成事業 基盤研究(C)

    Category: 基盤研究(C)

    Institution: 東北大学

    2021/04 - 2026/03

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    学校教育で獲得された科学的知識が課題解決に十分に適用されないという現象が指摘されている。本研究では、比較的単純なルールとその適用による課題解決を取り上げ、ルールが課題に適用されないのは、学習者がルールの果たす機能を十分に認識できていないからではないかという仮説を検証した。金属の通電性に関するルールを「要約機能」を強調して教える群と「予測機能」を強調して教える群の学習成績を比較する実験を行った。その結果、金属であることが既知である金属事例(既知事例)においては、ルールを適用して課題解決を行う傾向が強く、群差は見られなかったが、金属であることが未知の金属事例(未知事例)の場合、「要約機能」強調群ではルール適用が相対的に抑制されることがわかった。 以上の結果から、ルールを課題解決に適用できないことの背景として、学習者がルールの「予測機能」を十分に認識していない点が示唆された。実際の授業においては、ルールの「要約機能」の強調が一般的であると想定されることから、学校で教えられる知識が適用されないことと授業のあり方との間に関連があることが推定された。 また、「予測機能」の強調が、直接教えていないルールの適用も促すことが示された。これは「予測機能」の認識がルール間で転移することを示している。 さらに、事例に対するルール適用に、学習前段階の既知/未知が影響するという現象(知識適用における既知性効果)が新たに見出されるとともに、予測機能の強調が、既知性効果を解消する働きを持つことも示された。

  4. ルールと操作的知識の構造化が教科学習の促進に及ぼす効果と教材開発

    進藤 聡彦, 工藤 与志文, 佐藤 誠子

    Offer Organization: 日本学術振興会

    System: 科学研究費助成事業

    Category: 基盤研究(C)

    Institution: 放送大学

    2019/04/01 - 2023/03/31

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    教科の教授・学習過程で取り上げられるのは公式や法則を典型とするような「p→q」と記述可能な一般化された知識である。このような知識は、その性質から一定の事例をもつルールといい得るものである。本研究課題はルールの内容を教授するだけでなく、知識操作の方法を同時に教授することが、ルールの内包の理解や外延の拡大に資するのではないかという仮説の下に実験や調査を通じて仮説の検証を試みるものである。すなわち、知識操作とはルール「p→q」を変形して用いる内的過程のことである。 本研究課題における知識操作という考え方はこれまでの心理学にはないものであり新規性を有する。また、知識操作は学力の重要な規定因と考えられるメタ認知に関わって、メタ認知的コントロールで適用しうる有効な学習方略と位置づけることができる。したがって、学習方略の新たな面を具体的に提案という点にも本研究課題の意義があると思われる。 研究実績としては、コロナ禍で予定していた実験・調査が一部実施できなかったが、研究分担者らとともに研究テーマの知識操作に関する書籍を著した。その内容は知識操作を類型化し、学校での教授内容に即して、具体的な事例を用いながら体系的に解説するというものである。その他の研究実績としては、ルールの適用を阻む要因を明らかにする研究法として新たに「誘導法」を提案し、実際の学習過程でその有効性を検証した結果を関連の学会機関誌に公表した。同様にルールの適用を阻害する要因として、ルールの持つ要約機能と予測機能という2つの機能に着目し、後者の理解が不十分であることが阻害要因になっていることを示す結果を得た実験について関連の学会で口頭発表した。

  5. Educational psychology study on instruction strategy to promote knowledge systematization

    SHINDO TOSHIHIKO, NISHIBAYASHI Katsuhiko, SATO Seiko

    Offer Organization: Japan Society for the Promotion of Science

    System: Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research

    Category: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)

    2016/04/01 - 2019/03/31

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    This research theme relates to the effects of structured knowledge on promotion of understanding teaching materials which were verbal rule about biology and physics. Two important knowledge was obtained from results of researches. Firstly when learners learned target rule accompanied with comparative rule, they understood the target rule and applied it to a wide range of problem solving. Secondly learners who have the framework on relationship between rule and its example are able to apply the rule to various problems. As the other researches on this theme, elementary school students' understanding of relationship among three variables concerning relative values and their understanding of relationship between patterns and solids were examined from point of knowledge structuring.

  6. 授業の理解過程における知識操作の機能とその促進条件に関する研究 Competitive

    2016/04 - 2019/03

  7. "Knowledge Operation" to Enable Flexible Rule Use in Subject Learning

    SHINDO Toshihiko, MAGARA Keiichi, KUDO Yoshifumi

    Offer Organization: Japan Society for the Promotion of Science

    System: Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research

    Category: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)

    Institution: University of Yamanashi

    2013/04/01 - 2016/03/31

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    The purpose of this study was to clarify the factors to make learners apply the rules taught in their school to problem solving from the viewpoint of "knowledge operation". The main results were as follows.ⅰ) Even the rule that junior high students and university students have learned in their elementary school days, they might not apply the rule to problem solving. The cause is because "knowledge operation" is insufficient. ⅱ) The extrapolation that is one of the "knowledge operation" promotes the application of the already known rule to problem solving. ⅲ) The rule taught by abstract expression like symbol type formulas restrains "knowledge operation". ⅳ) Because the relation of a rule and an example is uncertain for learners, a rule with generality does not perform its function. ⅴ) When rules like formulas about a relation of three variables are operated, it becomes easy to apply the formula concerned to problem solving by visualizing the relation.

  8. Concrete information as promoting or interfering factor in the generalization of knowledge

    Kudo Yoshifumi

    Offer Organization: Japan Society for the Promotion of Science

    System: Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research

    Category: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)

    Institution: Tohoku University

    2013/04/01 - 2016/03/31

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    This study demonstrated a mechanism that the concrete information included in the teaching materials interfered with learning. When concrete information accords with the intuition of learner, it becomes remarkably difficult to perform a hypothetical judgment in conflict with the intuition. As a result, the reasoning of learner is limited for searching or generating the evidence of original intuitive judgment, and the possibility to examine the intuitive judgment critically will be lost. Such reasoning structure can be called “self-contained”

  9. 知識の一般化に関する抑制及び促進要因としての具体的情報 Competitive

    System: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research

    2013/04 - 2014/03

  10. A psychological study of activation and suppression of operational thinking

    KUDO Yoshifumi

    Offer Organization: Japan Society for the Promotion of Science

    System: Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research

    Category: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)

    Institution: Tohoku University

    2009 - 2011

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    Activation and suppression of operations of rule representation were investigated. The activation was influenced by the logical types of rules and the contents of example information given. The suppression was suggested to be caused by underestimation of the operational thinking.

  11. Conditions of "Monozukuri" Activities for Encouraging Children to understand learning units in Elementary School Science

    SHIRAI Hideaki, ARAI Tatsuya, KOISHIKAWA Syuuichi, UNO Shinobu, KUDOU Yoshifumi, SAITOU Yutaka, SATOU Jun

    Offer Organization: Japan Society for the Promotion of Science

    System: Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research

    Category: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)

    Institution: Tohoku Fukushi University

    2008 - 2011

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    We found the following conditions of "Monozukuri" activities were important to encourage children to understand learning units in elementary school science. 1) We need to simplify the whole "Monozukuri" activities to expose the relation of the rule expected to learn by children. 2) We need to use an ammeter to get clear about the relation between degree of electric current and magnetic force in every case. Teachers of actual elementary schools regard "Monozukuri" not as sideshows but as activities in order to encourage children to understand learning units. On the other hand, teachers, who have a lot of school business, cannot choose but buy kit materials for children of their own science classes.

  12. Tendency and provision against inconsistent problem solving of university student

    ARAI Tatsuya, SAITO Yutaka, SATO Jun, UNO Shinobu, KUDO Yoshifumi, MASUDA Hiroko, SHIRAI Hideaki, SATO Koji

    Offer Organization: Japan Society for the Promotion of Science

    System: Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research

    Category: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)

    Institution: Sendai University

    2007 - 2008

  13. Grasping the Expansionary Situation of the Gap in Schoolchildren's Scholastic Ability and Development of Teaching Method for Resolving its Expansion.

    SHIRAI Hideaki, UNO Shinobu, ARAI Tatsuya, KUDO Yoshifumi, SATO Jun

    Offer Organization: Japan Society for the Promotion of Science

    System: Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research

    Category: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)

    Institution: Tohoku Fukushi University

    2004 - 2005

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    We had one cross-sectional investigation on schoolchildren's understanding about basic substance concepts in forth-sixth grade, and three experimental classes in fifth-sixth grade's science units for relating basic substance concepts and their units' content in children's understanding in 2004-5. (1)Many of even sixth graders inquired in the investigation made mistakes in applying the law of conservation of mass to dissolving something in water and confused mass and cubage. (2)In fifth grade's science, after the unit "How does substance dissolve?", We added learning activities of discriminating between mass and cubage in chemical and physical phenomena that children had already learned in forth grade with the aim of relating basic substance concepts and their units' content in children's understanding. We partially could deepen children's understandings for basic substance concepts and the unit content of dissolution but not sufficiently. (3)In fifth grade's science, after the unit "How does substance burn?", We added learning activities of discriminating between mass and cubage in chemical phenomena already learned in the previous unit on burning with the same aim as the first experiment. As results, many children still made a mistake in judging that carbon dioxide has a function of putting out a fire and sufficiently couldn't deepen their understandings for basic substance concepts. (4)In sixth grade's science, we inserted learning activities of judging mass of something dissolved or burned into the unit "Property and Function of water solutions" with the same aim. As results, we partially could deepen children's understandings for the unit's content (relation between burning/not burning and dissolving/not dissolving), and we sufficiently couldn't deepen their understandings for basic substance concepts. But we discovered that the sixth graders who had learned in three classes mentioned above got better understanding for basic substance concepts than the sixth graders in the cross-sectional investigation.

  14. ルール学習における操作的思考の役割に関する研究 Competitive

    2004/04 -

  15. An investigation of misconception or naive theory within college students and molding process

    ARAI Tatsuya, KUDO Yoshifumi, SAITO Yutaka, UNO Shinobu, MASUDA Hiroko, SHIRAI Hideaki

    Offer Organization: Japan Society for the Promotion of Science

    System: Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research

    Category: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)

    Institution: Sendai College

    2002 - 2003

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    Investigation was done about the lay theory or misconception (6 areas; animal concept, concepts of plant, preservation of weight on moving objects, preservation of density, preservation of speed and area difference between rectangle with parallelogram those are equal on surrounding length) those had been shown within schoolchildren in past research. About 700 university students was asked. Results showed that more number of students could give right answer than pupil of elementary school on a few questions. The ratio of correct answer of students was no difference from that of schoolchildren in many areas. The former areas or questions were 1) preservation of weight in changing position of weight objects,2)preservation of density,3)preservation of speed. The latter areas were almost all except for above areas or questions. Animal concept which students had is under-generalized from biologically correct one. And many students thought that it needs soil and manure for the germination. They thought that moving objects varied weight in speed. They couldn't predict ups or downs of an object in liquid. They confused width of area on rectangle and parallelogram those are equal on surrounding length. Even the consistent thought to answer couldn't be seen about the role of flowers or seeds in plants. We will reach the conclusion from generalizing these result. That is, it is hardly left of students that learning experience which made school education after the elementary school. And that it is shown that it isn't making use of it at all to the university student

  16. 授業による理科学力形成とその変化に関する縦断的研究-小学校理科における単元進行に伴う学力格差拡大の是正をめざして-

    宇野 忍, 白井 秀明, 荒井 龍弥, 工藤 与志文

    Offer Organization: 日本学術振興会

    System: 科学研究費助成事業

    Category: 特定領域研究

    Institution: 東北大学

    2002 - 2002

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    本研究では,小学校5・6年生の理科領域,特に植物単元を対象に,単元進行に伴う学習者の理解の様相の変化を縦断的に追跡調査した。小学校5年理科には,(1)「植物の発芽と生長」,(2)「植物の花と実」という2単元があり,タネの発芽条件や受粉のしくみを学習することになっている。また,小学校6年理科には,(3)「植物のからだと日光」という単元があり,光合成について学ぶことになっている。前研究では,これらの単元進行毎に追跡調査を行い,特に単元(2)の課題において,1)正答者率は事前調査時には低く,当該授業直後には高くなり,遅延調査時には低く落ち込み,6年次の授業で再び高くなるというN字型の推移を示すこと,2)その推移は,先行単元学習完成者と非完成者では異なり,後者は遅延時の落ち込みが大きく授業による回復も悪いこと,を見いだした。特に2)の結果は学習者間の学力格差の拡大を意味した。そこで,本研究1では,学力格差の是正を目的として,6年生単元(3)で5年次の単元(1),(2)の内容を総合的に意味づけ,関連性を高める教授プランを作成・実施し,前研究とは異なる児童を対象に,プランの効果に関する調査を行った。この結果,課題の半数以下しか正答し得なかった学習者が前研究より減少し(30%→14%),半数以上正答した学習者が増加した(70%→87%)。このことは,教授プランによる授業の有効性を示すものであり,単元進行に伴う理解の発展を確実にしたといえる。この結果を受けて,研究2では,小学校5年生理科の単元(2)において先行単元(1)の内容との相互関連づけと意味づけを可能にする教授プランを作成・実施し,教授プランによる授業の効果を検討した。これまでの結果との比較では,単元(2)の授業の前後では劇的な変化はないが,今回が一番高い正答率を得た。今回の授業は,花概念の内包的理解に効果があったといえる。また,5年進級時の花の役割に関する回答において,理解を示した者とそうでない者が見られ,この両者ではその後の単元における一部の課題の解決状況の変化に違いがあった。また関連づけ授業後も違いが存在し続けた。よって,概念の一般的理解を促す援助活動の必要性が示唆された。以上から,1)先行単元学習の成否が後続単元の理解に格差を産むケースが存在する,2)その格差の拡大は,概念相互の関連づけや意味づけを可能にする援助によって是正可能である,3)さらに一般的理解を促進する援助法の開発が必要である,といえる。

  17. RESEARCH IN COMPUTER NETWORK SYSTEM AS A SYSTEM FOR DEVELOPING TEACHING MATERIALS

    HOSOYA Jun, ARAI Tatuya, KUDO Yosihumi, KATAOKA Akira, KIKUTI Takekatu, UNO Shinobu

    Offer Organization: Japan Society for the Promotion of Science

    System: Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research

    Category: Grant-in-Aid for Developmental Scientific Research (B)

    Institution: TOHOKU UNIVERSITY

    1993 - 1995

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    The purpose of this research is to develop the computer network system as a system for developing teaching materials ("Tohoku Educational Infomation Network System"). The following results were obtained : We in all regions were able to share same teaching materials by using this system. And teaching materials and teaching method were be improved by discussing them. We may, therefore, reasonably conclude that this system is useful for the improvement of teaching materials. In addition, this system could be composed very cheaply and it's operation cost was very low. But some ploblems were remained : This system is very easy-to-use system, but users must have the ability to operate the word processor or the personal computer. It is necessary to make more user-friendly in order to make a lot of persons use this system.

  18. 科学的概念体系形成におけるルール学習の役割に関する研究

    工藤 与志文

    Offer Organization: 日本学術振興会

    System: 科学研究費助成事業

    Category: 奨励研究(A)

    Institution: 東北大学

    1992 - 1992

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  1. 東北大学・カタールサイエンスキャンパス・キックオフ教育セミナー

    2014/07/31 -

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    「学習心理学からみた理科教育の課題」の講演

  2. 東北大学・カタールサイエンスキャンパス・キックオフ教育セッション

    2014/03/15 -

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    「大学がなすべきものづくり人材育成:現状と課題」の講演

  3. 平成24年度高大連携事業 地域開催公開講座「東北大学公開講座」

    2012/07/14 -

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    「誤りから学ぶ教育心理学」の講演

  4. 平成22年度高大連携事業に係る地域開催公開講座

    2010/06 -

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    特別授業「創造的思考の心理学」の実施

  5. 平成21年度北海道東北ブロック院内教育担当者研修

    2009/12/09 -

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    独立行政法人国立病院機構本部北海道東北ブロック事務所主催の「平成21年度北海道東北ブロック院内教育担当者研修」において、「学習者の心理と教育方法」という題で講義した。