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Masakado Kawata

Section

Institute for Excellence in Higher Education

Job title

President-Appointed Extraordinary Professor

Degree

農学博士（北海道大学）
農学修士（北海道大学）

researchmap

https://researchmap.jp/read0047851

J-GLOBAL ID

200901076463023896

Profile

https://ochotona0.wixsite.com/mysite

Research History 6

2023/04 - Present

Tohoku University　Institute for Excellence in Higher Education Institute of Liberal Arts and Sciences
2001/04 - 2023/03

Tohoku University　Graduate School of Life Sciences
2000/04 - 2001/04

Tohoku University　Graduate School of Science
1997/05 - 2000/03

Tohoku University　Graduate School of Science
1990/06 - 1997/04

Shizuoka University　Faculty of Education
1988/04 - 1990/05

Shizuoka University

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Education 2

Hokkaido University　Graduate School, Division of Agriculture　農業生物学

- 1987/06/30
Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine　Faculty of Animal Husbandry　School of Veterinary Medicine

1976/04 - 1980/03

Committee Memberships 7

日本進化学会　会長

2024/08 - 2026/07
Ecological Research　Associate Editor-in-Chief

2011/01 - 2013/03
Ecological Research　Editor-in-Chief

2008/01 - 2010/12
Ecology Letters　Editor,

2002/07 - 2007/12
Population Ecology　Editorial board

1995/01 - 2006/12
The European Society for Evolution　Editor, Journal of Evolutonary Biology

1998/07 - 2001/06
Journal of Evolutonary Biology　Editor,

1998/07 - 2001/06

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Professional Memberships 2

日本進化学会
Ecological Society of Japan

Research Interests 5

evolvability
biodiversity
Genome evolution
ecology
evolution

Research Areas 2

Life sciences / Biodiversity and systematics / evolutionary biology
Life sciences / Ecology and environmental science / ecology

Awards 3

第18回日本生態学会賞

2020/03　日本生態学会
木村資生記念学術賞

2017/08　公益信託進化学振興木村資生基金
日本進化学会学会賞

2017/08　日本進化学会

Papers 159

Positive selection of a starch synthesis gene and phenotypic differentiation of starch accumulation in symbiotic and free-living coral symbiont dinoflagellate species

Yuu Ishii, Shunsuke Kanamori, Ryusaku Deguchi, Masakado Kawata, Shinichiro Maruyama, Takashi Yoshida, Ryoma Kamikawa

Genome Biology and Evolution　evaf133　2025/07/02
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
DOI： 10.1093/gbe/evaf133 　

eISSN： 1759-6653

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Abstract Symbiosis is a basis for species diversification through interactions between organisms. In tropical and subtropical oceans, dinoflagellate symbionts belonging to the family Symbiodiniaceae, including the genus Symbiodinium, support the flourishment of cnidarian hosts, including corals, and thereby the ecology of oligotrophic oceans through their photosynthate carbon transfers. Although the genus Symbiodinium includes both free-living and symbiotic species, the detailed genetic background of their lifestyle differences remains unclear. In this study, we identified candidate genes involved in the evolutionary acquisition or maintenance of symbiosis in Symbiodinium spp. by detecting genes that have undergone positive selection during symbiotic and free-living lifestyle diversification. Using multiple Symbiodinium genomes to detect positive selection, 35 genes were identified, including a gene encoding soluble starch synthase SSY1 and genes related to metabolite secretion, which may be preferred for symbiotic lifestyles. In particular, our in silico analyses revealed that the SSY1 gene family has undergone extensive gene duplications in an ancestral dinoflagellate, and that the mutations detected as positive selection have occurred in the intrinsically disordered region of one of the homologs. Consistent with molecular evolution, the phenotypes of intracellular starch synthesis/accumulation were distinct between the symbiotic and free-living species of Symbiodinium when cultured under different pH and nitrogen conditions. These results provide molecular and phenotypic insights into symbiotic Symbiodinium-coral relationships.
Estimating bee distributions and their functional range to map important areas for protecting bee species and their functions. Peer-reviewed

Suzuki-Ohno,Y, F.o Ishihama, J. Yokoyama, M. N. Inoue, T. Nakashizuka, M. Kawata

Scientifc reports　14　12824　2024/06

DOI： 10.1038/s41598-024-61848-z 　
Detection of evolutionary conserved and accelerated genomic regions related to adaptation to thermal niches in Anolis lizards Peer-reviewed

Sakamoto,F, S. Kanamori, L. M. Díaz, A. Cádiz, Y. Ishii, K. Yamaguchi, S. Shigenobu, T. Nakayama, T. Makino, M. Kawata

Ecology and Evolution　14　e11117　2024/03

DOI： 10.1002/ece3.11117 　
Transcriptomic signatures associated with underlying rapid changes in the early phase brain of bi-directional sex change in Trimma okinawae

Katsunori Tamagawa, Tomoki Sunobe, Takashi Makino, Masakado Kawata

Royal Society Open Science　10　231450　2023/12/06
Publisher: The Royal Society
DOI： 10.1098/rsos.231450 　

eISSN： 2054-5703

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Teleost fish exhibit remarkable sexual plasticity and divergent developmental systems, including sequential hermaphroditism. One of the more fascinating models of sexual plasticity is socially controlled sex change, which is often observed in coral reef fish. The Okinawa rubble goby, Trimma okinawae, is a bi-directional sex-changing fish. It can rapidly change sex in either direction based on social circumstances. Although behavioural and neuroendocrine sex change occurs immediately and is believed to trigger gonadal changes, the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. In this study, we conducted a de novo transcriptome analysis of the T. okinawae brain and identified genes that are differentially expressed between the sexes and genes that were immediately controlled by social stimulation implicating sex change. Several genes showed concordant expression shifts regardless of the sex change direction and were associated with histone modification in nerve cells. These genes are known to function in the neuroendocrine control of reproduction in nerve cells. Overall, we identified genes associated with the initiation of sex change, which provides insight into the regulation of sex change and sexual plasticity.
Genetic differentiation and local adaptation of the Japanese honeybee, Apis cerana japonica Peer-reviewed

Wakamiya, T, T. Kamioka, Y. Ishii, J. Takahashi, R. T. Maeda, M. Kawata

Ecology and Evolution　13　e10573　2023/09

DOI： 10.1002/ece3.10573 　
Environmental pH signals the release of monosaccharides from cell wall in coral symbiotic alga Peer-reviewed

Yuu Ishii, Hironori Ishii, Takeshi Kuroha, Ryusuke Yokoyama, Ryusaku Deguchi, Kazuhiko Nishitani, Jun Minagawa, Masakado Kawata, Shunichi Takahashi, Shinichiro Maruyama

eLife　12　e80628　2023/08/18
Publisher: eLife Sciences Publications, Ltd
DOI： 10.7554/elife.80628 　

eISSN： 2050-084X

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Reef-building corals thrive in oligotrophic environments due to their possession of endosymbiotic algae. Confined to the low pH interior of the symbiosome within the cell, the algal symbiont provides the coral host with photosynthetically fixed carbon. However, it remains unknown how carbon is released from the algal symbiont for uptake by the host. Here we show, using cultured symbiotic dinoflagellate, Breviolum sp., that decreases in pH directly accelerates the release of monosaccharides, that is, glucose and galactose, into the ambient environment. Under low pH conditions, the cell surface structures were deformed and genes related to cellulase were significantly upregulated in Breviolum. Importantly, the release of monosaccharides was suppressed by the cellulase inhibitor, glucopyranoside, linking the release of carbon to degradation of the agal cell wall. Our results suggest that the low pH signals the cellulase-mediated release of monosaccharides from the algal cell wall as an environmental response in coral reef ecosystems.
Twenty-year changes in the composition of a mixed stock of foraging green turtles in the Yaeyama Islands of Japan Peer-reviewed

Tomoko Hamabata, Masakado Kawata, Satomi Kondo, Ayumi Matsuo, Yoshihisa Suyama, Kazuyuki Suzuki, Kazunari Kameda

Marine Ecology Progress Series　716　93-105　2023/08/10

DOI： 10.3354/meps14367 　
Differentially expressed genes associated with body size changes and transposable element insertions between Caenorhabditis elegans and its sister species, C. inopinata. Peer-reviewed

Kazuma Kawahara, Taruho Inada, Ryusei Tanaka, Mehmet Dayi, Takashi Makino, Shinichi Maruyama, Taisei Kikuchi, Asako Sugimoto, Masakado Kawata

Genome Biology and Evolution　15　4　2023/04/18
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
DOI： 10.1093/gbe/evad063 　

eISSN： 1759-6653

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Abstract Why the recently discovered nematode Caenorhabditis inopinata differs so greatly from its sibling species Caenorhabditis elegans remains unknown. A previous study showed that C. inopinata has more transposable elements (TEs), sequences that replicate and move autonomously throughout the genome, potentially altering the expression of neighboring genes. In this study, we focused on how the body size of this species has evolved and whether TEs could affect the expression of genes related to species-specific traits such as body size. First, we compared gene expression levels between C. inopinata and C. elegans in the L4 larval and young adult stages—when growth rates differ most prominently between these species—to identify candidate genes contributing to their differences. The results showed that the expression levels of collagen genes were consistently higher in C. inopinata than in C. elegans and that some genes related to cell size were differentially expressed between the species. Then, we examined whether genes with TE insertions are differentially expressed between species. Indeed, the genes featuring C. inopinata-specific TE insertions had higher expression levels in C. inopinata than in C. elegans. These upregulated genes included those related to body size, suggesting that these genes could be candidates for artificial TE insertion to examine the role of TEs in the body size evolution of C. inopinata.
On the origin of appetite: GLWamide in jellyfish represents an ancestral satiety neuropeptide. International-journal Peer-reviewed

Thoma, V, S. Sakai, K. Nagata, Y. Ishii, S. Maruyama, A. Abe, S. Kondo, M. Kawata, Shun Hamada, R. Deguchi, H. Tanimoto

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America　120　2221493120　2023/04

DOI： 10.1073/pnas.2221493120 　

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Food intake is regulated by internal state. This function is mediated by hormones and neuropeptides, which are best characterized in popular model species. However, the evolutionary origins of such feeding-regulating neuropeptides are poorly understood. We used the jellyfish Cladonema to address this question. Our combined transcriptomic, behavioral, and anatomical approaches identified GLWamide as a feeding-suppressing peptide that selectively inhibits tentacle contraction in this jellyfish. In the fruit fly Drosophila, myoinhibitory peptide (MIP) is a related satiety peptide. Surprisingly, we found that GLWamide and MIP were fully interchangeable in these evolutionarily distant species for feeding suppression. Our results suggest that the satiety signaling systems of diverse animals share an ancient origin.
Draft genome of six Cuban Anolis lizards and insights into genetic changes during their diversification Peer-reviewed

Shunsuke Kanamori, Luis M. Díaz, Antonio Cádiz, Katsushi Yamaguchi, Shuji Shigenobu, Masakado Kawata

BMC Ecology and Evolution　22　129　2022/11/04
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
DOI： 10.1186/s12862-022-02086-7 　

eISSN： 2730-7182

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Abstract Background Detecting genomic variants and their accumulation processes during species diversification and adaptive radiation is important for understanding the molecular and genetic basis of evolution. Anolis lizards in the West Indies are good models for studying evolutionary mechanisms because of the repeated evolution of their morphology and the ecology. We performed de novo genome assembly of six Cuban Anolis lizards with different ecomorphs and thermal habitats (Anolis isolepis, Anolis allisoni, Anolis porcatus, Anolis allogus, Anolis homolechis, and Anolis sagrei). We carried out a comparative analysis of these genome assemblies to investigate the genetic changes that occurred during their diversification. Results We reconstructed novel draft genomes with relatively long scaffolds and high gene completeness, with the scaffold N50 ranging from 5.56 to 39.79 Mb and vertebrate Benchmarking Universal Single-Copy Orthologs completeness ranging from 77.5% to 86.9%. Comparing the repeat element compositions and landscapes revealed differences in the accumulation process between Cuban trunk-crown and trunk-ground species and separate expansions of several families of LINE in each Cuban trunk-ground species. Duplicated gene analysis suggested that the proportional differences in duplicated gene numbers among Cuban Anolis lizards may be associated with differences in their habitat ranges. Additionally, Pairwise Sequentially Markovian Coalescent analysis suggested that the effective population sizes of each species may have been affected by Cuba’s geohistory. Conclusions We provide draft genomes of six Cuban Anolis lizards and detected species and lineage-specific transposon accumulation and gene copy number changes that may be involved in adaptive evolution. The change processes in the past effective population size was also estimated, and the factors involved were inferred. These results provide new insights into the genetic basis of Anolis lizard diversification and are expected to serve as a stepping stone for the further elucidation of their diversification mechanisms.
Humanized substitutions of Vmat1 in mice alter amygdala-dependent behaviors associated with the evolution of anxiety Peer-reviewed

Daiki X. Sato, Yukiko U. Inoue, Nahoko Kuga, Satoko Hattori, Kensaku Nomoto, Yuki Morimoto, Giovanni Sala, Hideo Hagihara, Takefumi Kikusui, Takuya Sasaki, Yuji Ikegaya, Tsuyoshi Miyakawa, Takayoshi Inoue, Masakado Kawata

iScience　25　(8)　104800-104800　2022/08
Publisher: Elsevier BV
DOI： 10.1016/j.isci.2022.104800 　

ISSN： 2589-0042
A new dwarf green anole (Squamata: Dactyloidae) of the Anolis carolinensisspecies group, from western Cuba Peer-reviewed

Luis M. Díaz, Antonio Cádiz, Karina Velazco, Masakado Kawata

Caribbean Herpetology　1-16　2022/07/20
Publisher: Caribbean Herpetology
DOI： 10.31611/ch.84 　

eISSN： 2333-2468

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Green anoles of the Anolis carolinensis group are divided into the carolinensis and isolepis subgroups according to a consensus ofmolecular phylogenies. Species in the Anolis isolepis subgroup (A. altitudinalis, A. isolepis, A. oporinus, and A. toldo) are endemic to Cubaand the highest diversity is concentrated in forested areas of eastern Cuba. Here, we describe a new species of this subgroup from westernCuba based on genetic and morphological differences from other species. Our phylogenetic analysis, based on DNA sequences,includes all of the known species and suggests that the new species is more closely related to A. altitudinalis, A. oporinus, and A. toldothan to the widespread A. isolepis. In addition, we provide a new hypothesis on the taxonomic status of A. incredulus and recommendthat it no longer be considered as a species in the A. carolinensis group. Due to the lack of a diagnosis, and poor condition, of the onlyavailable specimen, we consider A. incredulus as a species inquirenda. New morphological and genetic data of recently collected specimensof A. oporinus and A. toldo will provide complementary information about these species known from one or a few specimens.
Genes associated with hot defensive bee ball in the Japanese honeybee, Apis cerana japonica Peer-reviewed

Takahiro Kamioka, Hiromu C. Suzuki, Atsushi Ugajin, Yuta Yamaguchi, Masakazu Nishimura, Tetsuhiko Sasaki, Masato Ono, Masakado Kawata

BMC Ecology and Evolution　22　(1)　31　2022/03
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
DOI： 10.1186/s12862-022-01989-9 　

eISSN： 2730-7182

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Abstract Background The Japanese honeybee, Apis cerana japonica, shows a specific defensive behavior, known as a “hot defensive bee ball,” used against the giant hornet, Vespa mandarinia. Hundreds of honeybee workers surround a hornet and make a “bee ball” during this behavior. They maintain the ball for around 30 min, and its core temperature can reach 46. Although various studies have been conducted on the characteristics of this behavior, its molecular mechanism has yet to be elucidated. Here, we performed a comprehensive transcriptomic analysis to detect candidate genes related to balling behavior. Results The expression levels of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the brain, flight muscle, and fat body were evaluated during ball formation and incubation at 46 °C. The DEGs detected during ball formation, but not in response to heat, were considered important for ball formation. The expression of genes related to rhodopsin signaling were increased in all tissues during ball formation. DEGs detected in one or two tissues during ball formation were also identified. Conclusions Given that rhodopsin is involved in temperature sensing in Drosophila, the rhodopsin-related DEGs in A. cerana japonica may be involved in temperature sensing specifically during ball formation.
Deep learning increases the availability of organism photographs taken by citizens in citizen science programs Peer-reviewed

Yukari Suzuki-Ohno, Thomas Westfechtel, Jun Yokoyama, Kazunori Ohno, Tohru Nakashizuka, Masakado Kawata, Takayuki Okatani

Scientific Reports　12　(1)　2022/01

DOI： 10.1038/s41598-022-05163-5 　

ISSN： 2045-2322

eISSN： 2045-2322
Gene expression alterations from reversible to irreversible stages during coral metamorphosis International-journal Peer-reviewed

Yuu Ishii, Masayuki Hatta, Ryusaku Deguchi, Masakado Kawata, Shinichiro Maruyama

Zoological Letters　8　(1)　4-4　2022/01
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
DOI： 10.1186/s40851-022-00187-1 　

eISSN： 2056-306X

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<title>Abstract</title>For corals, metamorphosis from planktonic larvae to sedentary polyps is an important life event, as it determines the environment in which they live for a lifetime. Although previous studies on the reef-building coral <italic>Acropora</italic> have clarified a critical time point during metamorphosis when cells are committed to their fates, as defined by an inability to revert back to their previous states as swimming larvae (here referred to as the “point of no return”), the molecular mechanisms of this commitment to a fate remain unclear. To address this issue, we analyzed the transcriptomic changes before and after the point of no return by inducing metamorphosis of <italic>Acropora tenuis</italic> with Hym-248, a metamorphosis-inducing neuropeptide. Gene Ontology and pathway enrichment analysis of the 5893 differentially expressed genes revealed that G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) were enriched, including GABA receptor and Frizzled gene subfamilies, which showed characteristic temporal expression patterns. The GPCRs were then classified by comparison with those of <italic>Homo sapiens</italic>, <italic>Nematostella vectensis</italic> and <italic>Platynereis dumerilii</italic>. Classification of the differentially expressed genes into modules based on expression patterns showed that some modules with large fluctuations after the point of no return were biased toward functions such as protein metabolism and transport. This result suggests that in precommitted larvae, different types of GPCR genes function to ensure a proper environment, whereas in committed larvae, intracellular protein transport and proteolysis may cause a loss of the reversibility of metamorphosis as a result of cell differentiation.
Genetic basis of orange spot formation in the guppy (Poecilia reticulata) Peer-reviewed

Mayuko Kawamoto, Yuu Ishii, Masakado Kawata

BMC Ecology and Evolution　21　(1)　2021/12
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
DOI： 10.1186/s12862-021-01942-2 　

eISSN： 2730-7182

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<title>Abstract</title><sec> <title>Background</title> To understand the evolutionary significance of female mate choice for colorful male ornamentation, the underlying regulatory mechanisms of such ornamentation must be understood for examining how the ornaments are associated with “male qualities” that increase the fitness or sexual attractiveness of offspring. In the guppy (<italic>Poecilia reticulata</italic>), an established model system for research on sexual selection, females prefer males possessing larger and more highly saturated orange spots as potential mates. Although previous studies have identified some chromosome regions and genes associated with orange spot formation, the regulation and involvement of these genetic elements in orange spot formation have not been elucidated. In this study, the expression patterns of genes specific to orange spots and certain color developmental stages were investigated using RNA-seq to reveal the genetic basis of orange spot formation. </sec><sec> <title>Results</title> Comparing the gene expression levels of male guppy skin with orange spots (orange skin) with those without any color spots (dull skin) from the same individuals identified 1102 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), including 630 upregulated genes and 472 downregulated genes in the orange skin. Additionally, the gene expression levels of the whole trunk skin were compared among the three developmental stages and 2247 genes were identified as DEGs according to color development. These analyses indicated that secondary differentiation of xanthophores may affect orange spot formation. </sec><sec> <title>Conclusions</title> The results suggested that orange spots might be formed by secondary differentiation, rather than de novo generation, of xanthophores, which is induced by Csf1 and thyroid hormone signaling pathways. Furthermore, we suggested candidate genes associated with the areas and saturation levels of orange spots, which are both believed to be important for female mate choice and independently regulated. This study provides insights into the genetic and cellular regulatory mechanisms underlying orange spot formation, which would help to elucidate how these processes are evolutionarily maintained as ornamental traits relevant to sexual selection. </sec>
Bee occurrence data collected in citizen science program “ Hanamaru‐Maruhana national census” in Japan Peer-reviewed

Yukari Suzuki‐Ohno, Jun Yokoyama, Tohru Nakashizuka, Masakado Kawata

Ecological Research　36　(6)　1028-1036　2021/11
Publisher: Wiley
DOI： 10.1111/1440-1703.12261 　

ISSN： 0912-3814

eISSN： 1440-1703
The effect of the doublesex gene in body colour masculinization of the damselfly Ischnura senegalensis Peer-reviewed

Michihiko Takahashi, Genta Okude, Ryo Futahashi, Yuma Takahashi, Masakado Kawata

Biology Letters　17　(6)　20200761-20200761　2021/06

DOI： 10.1098/rsbl.2020.0761 　

ISSN： 1744-9561

eISSN： 1744-957X
Detection of genes positively selected in Cuban Anolis lizards that naturally inhabit hot and open areas and currently thrive in urban areas Peer-reviewed

Shunsuke Kanamori, Antonio Cádiz, Luis M. Díaz, Yuu Ishii, Takuro Nakayama, Masakado Kawata

Ecology and Evolution　11　(4)　1719-1728　2021/02/15
Publisher: Wiley
DOI： 10.1002/ece3.7161 　

ISSN： 2045-7758

eISSN： 2045-7758
Identification of a reptile lyssavirus in Anolis allogus provided novel insights into lyssavirus evolution International-journal Peer-reviewed

Masayuki Horie, Hiroshi Akashi, Masakado Kawata, Keizo Tomonaga

Virus Genes　57　(1)　40-49　2021/02/07
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
DOI： 10.1007/s11262-020-01803-y 　

ISSN： 0920-8569

eISSN： 1572-994X

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Lyssaviruses (genus Lyssavirus) are negative-strand RNA viruses belonging to the family Rhabdoviridae. Although a lyssa-like virus (frog lyssa-like virus 1 [FLLV-1]), which is distantly related to lyssaviruses, was recently identified in frogs, a large phylogenetic gap exists between those viruses, and thus the evolution of lyssaviruses is unclear. In this study, we detected a lyssa-like virus from publicly available RNA-seq data obtained using the brain and skin of Anolis allogus (Spanish flag anole), which was designated anole lyssa-like virus 1 (ALLV-1), and determined its complete coding sequence. Via mapping analysis, we demonstrated that ALLV-1 was actively replicating in the original brain and skin samples. Phylogenetic analyses revealed that ALLV-1 is more closely related to lyssaviruses than FLLV-1. Overall, the topology of the tree is compatible with that of hosts, suggesting the long-term co-divergence of lyssa-like and lyssaviruses and vertebrates. The ψ region, which is a long 3' untranslated region of unknown origin present in the G mRNA of lyssaviruses (approximately 400-700 nucleotides), is also present in the genome of ALLV-1, but it is much shorter (approximately 180 nucleotides) than those of lyssaviruses. Interestingly, FLLV-1 lacks the ψ region, suggesting that the ψ region was acquired after the divergence of the FLLV-1 and ALLV-1/lyssavirus lineages. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report to identify a lyssa-like virus in reptiles, and thus, our findings provide novel insights into the evolution of lyssaviruses.
Estimating possible bumblebee range shifts in response to climate and land cover changes Peer-reviewed

Yukari Suzuki-Ohno, Jun Yokoyama, Tohru Nakashizuka, Masakado Kawata

Scientific Reports　10　(1)　19622　2020/11
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
DOI： 10.1038/s41598-020-76164-5 　

eISSN： 2045-2322

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<title>Abstract</title>Wild bee decline has been reported worldwide. Some bumblebee species (<italic>Bombus</italic> spp.) have declined in Europe and North America, and their ranges have shrunk due to climate and land cover changes. In countries with limited historical and current occurrence data, it is often difficult to investigate bumblebee range shifts. Here we estimated the past/present distributions of six major bumblebee species in Japan with species distribution modeling using current occurrence data and past/present climate and land cover data. The differences identified between estimated past and present distributions indicate possible range shifts. The estimated ranges of <italic>B. diversus</italic>, <italic>B. hypocrita</italic>, <italic>B. ignitus</italic>, <italic>B. honshuensis</italic>, and <italic>B. beaticola</italic> shrank over the past 26 years, but that of <italic>B. ardens</italic> expanded. The lower altitudinal limits of the estimated ranges became higher as temperature increased. When focusing on the effects of land cover change, the estimated range of <italic>B. diversus</italic> slightly shrank due to an increase in forest area. Such increase in forest area may result from the abandonment of agricultural lands and the extension of the rotation time of planted coniferous forests and secondary forests. Managing old planted coniferous forests and secondary forests will be key to bumblebee conservation for adaptation to climate change.
Natal Origin Identification of Green Turtles in the North Pacific by Genome-Wide Population Analysis With Limited DNA Samples Peer-reviewed

Tomoko Hamabata, Ayumi Matsuo, Mitsuhiko P. Sato, Satomi Kondo, Kazunari Kameda, Isao Kawazu, Takuya Fukuoka, Katsufumi Sato, Yoshihisa Suyama, Masakado Kawata

Frontiers in Marine Science　7　658　2020/08/07
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
DOI： 10.3389/fmars.2020.00658 　

eISSN： 2296-7745
Contradictory effects of leaf rolls in a leaf-mining weevil Peer-reviewed

Chisato Kobayashi, Kazunori Matsuo, Masakado Kawata

Scientific Reports　10　(1)　12180　2020/08
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
DOI： 10.1038/s41598-020-69002-1 　

eISSN： 2045-2322
Genetic factors for short life span associated with evolution of the loss of flight ability Peer-reviewed

Atsushi Ikemoto, Daiki X. Sato, Takashi Makino, Masakado Kawata

Ecology and Evolution　10　(12)　6020-6029　2020/05/29
Publisher: Wiley
DOI： 10.1002/ece3.6342 　

ISSN： 2045-7758

eISSN： 2045-7758
Environmental factors explain spawning day deviation from full moon in the scleractinian coral Acropora. Peer-reviewed

Masakado Kawata

Biology Letters　16　20190760　2020/01
Genetic segregation for male body coloration and female mate preference in the guppy. Peer-reviewed

Aya Sato, Masakado Kawata

BMC Research Notes　19　220　2020/01
Human-specific mutations in VMAT1 confer functional changes and multi-directional evolution in the regulation of monoamine circuits. International-journal Peer-reviewed

Daiki X Sato, Yuu Ishii, Tomoaki Nagai, Kazumasa Ohashi, Masakado Kawata

BMC evolutionary biology　19　(1)　220-220　2019/12/02

DOI： 10.1186/s12862-019-1543-8 　

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BACKGROUND: Neurochemicals like serotonin and dopamine play crucial roles in human cognitive and emotional functions. Vesicular monoamine transporter 1 (VMAT1) transports monoamine neurotransmitters, and its variant (136Thr) is associated with various psychopathological symptoms and reduced monoamine uptake relative to 136Ile. We previously showed that two human-specific amino acid substitutions (Glu130Gly and Asn136Thr/Ile) of VMAT1 were subject to positive natural selection. However, the potential functional alterations caused by these substitutions (Glu130Gly and Asn136Thr) remain unclear. To assess functional changes in VMAT1 from an evolutionary perspective, we reconstructed ancestral residues and examined the role of these substitutions in monoamine uptake in vitro using fluorescent false neurotransmitters (FFN), which are newly developed substances used to quantitatively assay VMATs. RESULTS: Immunoblotting confirmed that all the transfected YFP-VMAT1 variants are properly expressed in HEK293T cells at comparable levels, and no significant difference was seen in the density and the size of vesicles among them. Our fluorescent assays revealed a significant difference in FFN206 uptake among VMAT1 variants: 130Glu/136Asn, 130Glu/136Thr, and 130Gly/136Ile showed significantly higher levels of FFN206 uptake than 130Gly/136Asn and 130Gly/136Thr, indicating that both 130Glu and 136Ile led to increased neurotransmitter uptake, for which 136Thr and 136Asn were comparable by contrast. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that monoamine uptake by VMAT1 initially declined (from 130Glu/136Asn to 130Gly/136Thr) in human evolution, possibly resulting in higher susceptibility to the external environment of our ancestors.
Single-cell genomics unveiled a cryptic cyanobacterial lineage with a worldwide distribution hidden by a dinoflagellate host Peer-reviewed

Nakayama,T, M. Nomura, Y. Takano, G. Tanifuji, K. Shiba, K. Inaba, Y. Inagaki, M. Kawata

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America　116　(32)　15973-15978　2019/08

DOI： 10.1073/pnas.1902538116 　
Local adaptation stops where ecological gradients steepen or are interrupted. Peer-reviewed

Bridle, J, M. Kawata, R. Butlin

Evolutionary Applications　12　1449-1462　2019/08
Global Shifts in Gene Expression Profiles Accompanied with Environmental Changes in Cnidarian-Dinoflagellate Endosymbiosis. International-journal Peer-reviewed

Yuu Ishii, Shinichiro Maruyama, Hiroki Takahashi, Yusuke Aihara, Takeshi Yamaguchi, Katsushi Yamaguchi, Shuji Shigenobu, Masakado Kawata, Naoto Ueno, Jun Minagawa

G3 (Bethesda, Md.)　9　(7)　2337-2347　2019/07/09

DOI： 10.1534/g3.118.201012 　

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Stable endosymbiotic relationships between cnidarian animals and dinoflagellate algae are vital for sustaining coral reef ecosystems. Recent studies have shown that elevated seawater temperatures can cause the collapse of their endosymbiosis, known as 'bleaching', and result in mass mortality. However, the molecular interplay between temperature responses and symbiotic states still remains unclear. To identify candidate genes relevant to the symbiotic stability, we performed transcriptomic analyses under multiple conditions using the symbiotic and apo-symbiotic (symbiont free) Exaiptasia diaphana, an emerging model sea anemone. Gene expression patterns showed that large parts of differentially expressed genes in response to heat stress were specific to the symbiotic state, suggesting that the host sea anemone could react to environmental changes in a symbiotic state-dependent manner. Comparative analysis of expression profiles under multiple conditions highlighted candidate genes potentially important in the symbiotic state transition under heat-induced bleaching. Many of these genes were functionally associated with carbohydrate and protein metabolisms in lysosomes. Symbiont algal genes differentially expressed in hospite encode proteins related to heat shock response, calcium signaling, organellar protein transport, and sugar metabolism. Our data suggest that heat stress alters gene expression in both the hosts and symbionts. In particular, heat stress may affect the lysosome-mediated degradation and transportation of substrates such as carbohydrates through the symbiosome (phagosome-derived organelle harboring symbiont) membrane, which potentially might attenuate the stability of symbiosis and lead to bleaching-associated symbiotic state transition.
Invasive invertebrates associated with highly duplicated gene content. Peer-reviewed

Makino, T, M. Kawata

Molecular Ecology　28　1652-1663　2019/04

DOI： 10.1111/mec.15019 　
Acoustic emissions of Sorex unguiculatus (Mammalia: Soricidae): assessing the echo-based orientation hypothesis. Peer-reviewed

Sanchez, L, S. D. Ohdachi, A. Kawahara, L. M. Echenique-Diaz, S. Maruyama, M. Kawata

Ecology and Evolution　116　2118-2123　2019/02

DOI： 10.1002/ece3.4930 　
Draxin regulates hippocampal neurogenesis in the postnatal dentate gyrus by inhibiting DCC-induced apoptosis Peer-reviewed

Hiroshi Tawarayama, Hirohisa Yamada, Ruhul Amin, Yuiko Morita-Fujimura, Helen M. Cooper, Yohei Shinmyo, Masakado Kawata, Shuntaro Ikawa, Hideaki Tanaka

Scientific Reports　8　(1)　840　2018/12/01
Publisher: Nature Publishing Group
DOI： 10.1038/s41598-018-19346-6 　

ISSN： 2045-2322
Genetic and plastic variation in opsin gene expression, light sensitivity, and female response to visual signals in the guppy. Peer-reviewed

Sakai, Y, S. Kawamura, M. Kawata

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America　115　12247-12252　2018/11

DOI： 10.1073/pnas.1706730115 　
Impact of sexually antagonistic genital morphologies on female reproduction and wild population demography. Peer-reviewed

Takami, Y, T. Fukuhara, J. Yokoyama, M. Kawata

Evolution　72　2449-2461　2018/10

DOI： 10.1111/evo.13603 　
Factors affecting interspecific differences in genetic divergence among populations of Anolis lizards in Cuba Peer-reviewed

Cádiz, A, N. Nagata, L. Díaz, Y. Suzuki-Ohno, L.Echenique-Díaz, H. Akashi, T. Makino, M. Kawata

Zoological Letters　4　21　2018/08

DOI： 10.1186/s40851-018-0107-x 　
Positive and balancing selection on SLC18A1 gene associated with psychiatric disorders and human-unique personality traits. Peer-reviewed

Sato, D. X, M. Kawata

Evolution Letters　2　499-510　2018/08

DOI： 10.1002/evl3.81 　
Evolution of gustatory receptor gene family provides insights into adaptation to diverse host plants in nymphalid butterflies Peer-reviewed

Suzuki, H. C, K. Ozaki, T. Makino, H. Uchiyama, S. Yajima, M. Kawata

Genome Biology and Evolution　10　1351-1362　2018/05

DOI： 10.1093/gbe/evy093 　
Comparisons of behavioural and TRPA1 heat sensitivities in three sympatric Cuban Anolis lizards Peer-reviewed

Hiroshi D. Akashi, Shigeru Saito, Antonio Cádiz Díaz, Takashi Makino, Makoto Tominaga, Masakado Kawata

Molecular Ecology　27　(9)　2234-2242　2018/05/01
Publisher: Blackwell Publishing Ltd
DOI： 10.1111/mec.14572 　

ISSN： 1365-294X 0962-1083
Candidate genes associated with color morphs of female-limited polymorphisms of the damselfly Ischnura senegalensis Peer-reviewed

Michihiko Takahashi, Yuma Takahashi, Masakado Kawata

Heredity　122　1-12　2018/05/01
Publisher: Nature Publishing Group
DOI： 10.1038/s41437-018-0076-z 　

ISSN： 1365-2540 0018-067X
Isolation of uracil auxotroph mutants of coral symbiont alga for symbiosis studies. International-journal Peer-reviewed

Yuu Ishii, Shinichiro Maruyama, Konomi Fujimura-Kamada, Natsumaro Kutsuna, Shunichi Takahashi, Masakado Kawata, Jun Minagawa

Scientific reports　8　(1)　3237-3237　2018/02/19

DOI： 10.1038/s41598-018-21499-3 　

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Coral reef ecosystems rely on stable symbiotic relationship between the dinoflagellate Symbiodinium spp. and host cnidarian animals. The collapse of such symbiosis could cause coral 'bleaching' and subsequent host death. Despite huge interest on Symbiodinium, lack of mutant strains and readily available genetic tools have hampered molecular research. A major issue was the tolerance to marker antibiotics. Here, we isolated Symbiodinium mutants requiring uracil for growth, and hence, useful in transformation screening. We cultured Symbiodinium spp. cells in the presence of 5-fluoroorotic acid (5FOA), which inhibits the growth of cells expressing URA3 encoding orotidine-5'-monophosphate decarboxylase, and isolated cells that require uracil for growth. Sequence analyses and genetic complementation tests using yeast demonstrated that one of the mutant cell lines had a point mutation in URA3, resulting in a splicing error at an unusual exon-intron junction, and consequently, loss of enzyme activity. This mutant could maintain a symbiotic relationship with the model sea anemone Exaiptasia pallida only in sea water containing uracil. Results show that the URA3 mutant will be a useful tool for screening Symbiodinium transformants, both ex and in hospite, as survival in the absence of uracil is possible only upon successful introduction of URA3.
Balanced genetic diversity improves population fitness Peer-reviewed

Yuma Takahashi, Ryoya Tanaka, Daisuke Yamamoto, Suzuki Noriyuki, Masakado Kawata

285　20172045　2018
Inferring evolutionary responses of Anolis carolinensis introduced into the Ogasawara archipelago using whole genome sequence data Peer-reviewed

Satoshi Tamate, Watal M. Iwasaki, Kenneth L. Krysko, Brian J. Camposano, Hideaki Mori, Ryo Funayama, Keiko Nakayama, Takashi Makino, Masakado Kawata

SCIENTIFIC REPORTS　7　18008　2017/12

DOI： 10.1038/s41598-017-17852-7 　

ISSN： 2045-2322
Utilization of photographs taken by citizens for estimating bumblebee distributions Peer-reviewed

Yukari Suzuki-Ohno, Jun Yokoyama, Tohru Nakashizuka, Masakado Kawata

SCIENTIFIC REPORTS　7　11215　2017/09

DOI： 10.1038/s41598-017-10581-x 　

ISSN： 2045-2322
HSF1 and HSF3 cooperatively regulate the heat shock response in lizards Peer-reviewed

Ryosuke Takii, Mitsuaki Fujimoto, Yuki Matsuura, Fangxu Wu, Namiko Oshibe, Eiichi Takaki, Arpit Katiyar, Hiroshi Akashi, Takashi Makino, Masakado Kawata, Akira Nakai

PLOS ONE　12　(7)　e0180776　2017/07

DOI： 10.1371/journal.pone.0180776 　

ISSN： 1932-6203
Factors restricting the range expansion of the invasive green anole Anolis carolinensis on Okinawa Island, Japan Peer-reviewed

Yukari Suzuki-Ohno, Kenjiro Morita, Nobuaki Nagata, Hideaki Mori, Shintaro Abe, Takashi Makino, Masakado Kawata

ECOLOGY AND EVOLUTION　7　(12)　4357-4366　2017/06

DOI： 10.1002/ece3.3002 　

ISSN： 2045-7758
Physiological conditions and genetic controls of phaeomelanin pigmentation in nestling barn swallows Peer-reviewed

Emi Arai, Masaru Hasegawa, Takashi Makino, Akihiko Hagino, Yusuke Sakai, Hajime Ohtsuki, Kazumasa Wakamatsu, Masakado Kawata

BEHAVIORAL ECOLOGY　28　(3)　706-716　2017/05

DOI： 10.1093/beheco/arx012 　

ISSN： 1045-2249

eISSN： 1465-7279
The Effects of CpG Densities around Transcription Start Sites on Sex-Biased Gene Expression in Poecilia reticulata Peer-reviewed

Katsunori Tamagawa, Takashi Makino, Masakado Kawata

GENOME BIOLOGY AND EVOLUTION　9　(5)　1204-1211　2017/05

DOI： 10.1093/gbe/evx083 　

ISSN： 1759-6653
Genetic variation and local differences in Pacific cod Gadus macrocephalus around Japan Peer-reviewed

A. Suda, N. Nagata, A. Sato, Y. Narimatsu, H. H. Nadiatul, M. Kawata

JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY　90　(1)　61-79　2017/01

DOI： 10.1111/jfb.13154 　

ISSN： 0022-1112

eISSN： 1095-8649
Spatial Distribution of Flower Color Induced by Interspecific Sexual Interaction Peer-reviewed

Yuma Takahashi, Koh-ichi Takakura, Masakado Kawata

PLOS ONE　11　(10)　e0164381　2016/10

DOI： 10.1371/journal.pone.0164381 　

ISSN： 1932-6203
Spectral sensitivity of guppy visual pigments reconstituted in vitro to resolve association of opsins with cone cell types Peer-reviewed

Shoji Kawamura, Satoshi Kasagi, Daisuke Kasai, Ayumi Tezuka, Ayako Shoji, Akiyoshi Takahashi, Hiroo Imai, Masakado Kawata

VISION RESEARCH　127　67-73　2016/10

DOI： 10.1016/j.visres.2016.06.013 　

ISSN： 0042-6989

eISSN： 1878-5646
Lack of genetic variation prevents adaptation at the geographic range margin in a damselfly Peer-reviewed

Yuma Takahashi, Yoshihisa Suyama, Yu Matsuki, Ryo Funayama, Keiko Nakayama, Masakado Kawata

MOLECULAR ECOLOGY　25　(18)　4450-4460　2016/09

DOI： 10.1111/mec.13782 　

ISSN： 0962-1083

eISSN： 1365-294X
Differentially expressed genes associated with adaptation to different thermal environments in three sympatric Cuban Anolis lizards Peer-reviewed

Hiroshi D. Akashi, Antonio Cadiz Diaz, Shuji Shigenobu, Takashi Makino, Masakado Kawata

MOLECULAR ECOLOGY　25　(10)　2273-2285　2016/05

DOI： 10.1111/mec.13625 　

ISSN： 0962-1083

eISSN： 1365-294X
Effects of light environment during growth on the expression of cone opsin genes and behavioral spectral sensitivities in guppies (Poecilia reticulata) Peer-reviewed

Yusuke Sakai, Hajime Ohtsuki, Satoshi Kasagi, Shoji Kawamura, Masakado Kawata

BMC EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY　16　106　2016/05

DOI： 10.1186/s12862-016-0679-z 　

ISSN： 1471-2148
Natural selection in a population of Drosophila melanogaster explained by changes in gene expression caused by sequence variation in core promoter regions Peer-reviewed

Mitsuhiko P. Sato, Takashi Makino, Masakado Kawata

BMC EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY　16　35　2016/02

DOI： 10.1186/s12862-016-0606-3 　

ISSN： 1471-2148
II-6. Evaluation for genetic diversity of marine fisheries resources after the tsunami caused by the 2011 off the pacific coast of Tohoku Earthquake Peer-reviewed

Minoru Ikeda, Yuki Minegishi, Daiki Ando, Manami Kanno, Akihiro Kijima, Shotaro Hirase, Sei-Ichi Okumura, Shunduke Moriyama, Kenta Adachi, Masakado Kawata, Ayako Suda, Sakiko Orui, Kiyotaka Takishita, Katsunori Fujikura

Nippon Suisan Gakkaishi (Japanese Edition)　82　(2)　149　2016
Publisher: Nihon Suisan Gakkai
DOI： 10.2331/suisan.WA2247-15 　

ISSN： 1349-998X 0021-5392
Flower color polymorphism maintained by overdominant selection in Sisyrinchium sp. Peer-reviewed

Y. Takahashi, K. Takakura, M. Kawata

Journal of Plant Research　128　(6)　933-939　2015/09

DOI： 10.1007/s10265 　
Developmental stages for the divergence of relative limb length between a twig and a trunk-ground Anolis lizard species Peer-reviewed

Hajime Wakasa, Antonio Cadiz, Lazaro M. Echenique-Diaz, Watal M. Iwasaki, Namiko Kamiyama, Yuki Nishimura, Hitoshi Yokoyama, Koji Tamura, Masakado Kawata

JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL ZOOLOGY PART B-MOLECULAR AND DEVELOPMENTAL EVOLUTION　324　(5)　410-423　2015/07

DOI： 10.1002/jez.b.22627 　

ISSN： 1552-5007

eISSN： 1552-5015
Evidence of introgressive hybridization between the morphologically divergent land snails Ainohelix and Ezohelix Peer-reviewed

Yuta Morii, Jun Yokoyama, Masakado Kawata, Angus Davison, Satoshi Chiba

BIOLOGICAL JOURNAL OF THE LINNEAN SOCIETY　115　(1)　77-95　2015/05

DOI： 10.1111/bij.12466 　

ISSN： 0024-4066

eISSN： 1095-8312
Arms race between leaf rollers and parasitoids: diversification of plant-manipulation behavior and its consequences Peer-reviewed

Chisato Kobayashi, Kazunori Matsuo, Kyohei Watanabe, Nobuaki Nagata, Yukari Suzuki-Ohno, Masakado Kawata, Makoto Kato

ECOLOGICAL MONOGRAPHS　85　(2)　253-268　2015/05

DOI： 10.1890/14-0280.1 　

ISSN： 0012-9615

eISSN： 1557-7015
Divergent selection for opsin gene variation in guppy (Poecilia reticulata) populations of Trinidad and Tobago Peer-reviewed

A. Tezuka, S. Kasagi, C. van Oosterhout, M. McMullan, W. M. Iwasaki, D. Kasai, M. Yamamichi, H. Innan, S. Kawamura, M. Kawata

HEREDITY　113　(5)　381-389　2014/11

DOI： 10.1038/hdy.2014.35 　

ISSN： 0018-067X

eISSN： 1365-2540
A worldwide survey of genome sequence variation provides insight into the evolutionary history of the honeybee Apis mellifera Peer-reviewed

Andreas Wallberg, Fan Han, Gustaf Wellhagen, Bjorn Dahle, Masakado Kawata, Nizar Haddad, Zila Luz Paulino Simoes, Mike H. Allsopp, Irfan Kandemir, Pilar De la Rua, Christian W. Pirk, Matthew T. Webster

NATURE GENETICS　46　(10)　1081-1088　2014/10

DOI： 10.1038/ng.3077 　

ISSN： 1061-4036

eISSN： 1546-1718
Identification of hemiclonal reproduction in three species of Hexagrammos marine reef fishes Peer-reviewed

M. R. Kimura-Kawaguchi, M. Horita, S. Abe, K. Arai, M. Kawata, H. Munehara

JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY　85　(2)　189-209　2014/08

DOI： 10.1111/jfb.12414 　

ISSN： 0022-1112

eISSN： 1095-8649
Functional Morphology and Comparative Anatomy of Appendicular Musculature in Cuban Anolis Lizards with Different Locomotor Habits Peer-reviewed

Wataru Anzai, Ayano Omura, Antonio Cadiz Diaz, Masakado Kawata, Hideki Endo

ZOOLOGICAL SCIENCE　31　(7)　454-463　2014/07

DOI： 10.2108/zs130062 　

ISSN： 0289-0003
Contribution of Nonohnologous Duplicated Genes to High Habitat Variability in Mammals Peer-reviewed

Satoshi C. Tamate, Masakado Kawata, Takashi Makino

MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND EVOLUTION　31　(7)　1779-1786　2014/07

DOI： 10.1093/molbev/msu128 　

ISSN： 0737-4038

eISSN： 1537-1719
Evolution of increased phenotypic diversity enhances population performance by reducing sexual harassment in damselflies Peer-reviewed

Yuma Takahashi, Kotaro Kagawa, Erik I. Svensson, Masakado Kawata

NATURE COMMUNICATIONS　5　4468　2014/07

DOI： 10.1038/ncomms5468 　

ISSN： 2041-1723
Antagonistic selection factors induce a continuous population divergence in a polymorphism Peer-reviewed

Y. Takahashi, N. Nagata, M. Kawata

HEREDITY　112　(4)　391-398　2014/04

DOI： 10.1038/hdy.2013.117 　

ISSN： 0018-067X

eISSN： 1365-2540
Expression of the nos gene and firefly flashing: A test of the nitric-oxide-mediated flash control model Peer-reviewed

Hajime Ohtsuki, Jun Yokoyama, Nobuyoshi Ohba, Yoshihiro Ohmiya, Masakado Kawata

JOURNAL OF INSECT SCIENCE　14　56　2014/04

DOI： 10.1093/jis/14.1.56 　

ISSN： 1536-2442

eISSN： 2250-2645
Sex Chromosome Turnover Contributes to Genomic Divergence between Incipient Stickleback Species Peer-reviewed

Kohta Yoshida, Takashi Makino, Katsushi Yamaguchi, Shuji Shigenobu, Mitsuyasu Hasebe, Masakado Kawata, Manabu Kume, Seiichi Mori, Catherine L. Peichel, Atsushi Toyoda, Asao Fujiyama, Jun Kitano

PLOS GENETICS　10　(3)　e1004223　2014/03

DOI： 10.1371/journal.pgen.1004223 　

ISSN： 1553-7390

eISSN： 1553-7404
Evolutionary history of maternal plant-manipulation and larval feeding behaviours in attelabidae (coleoptera; curculionoidea) and evolution of plant-basal weevil interaction Peer-reviewed

Chisato Kobayashi, Yudai Okuyama, Kazuhide Kawazoe, Masakado Kawata, Makoto Kato

Evolutionary Biology: Genome Evolution, Speciation, Coevolution and Origin of Life　227-245　2014/01/01
Publisher: Springer International Publishing
DOI： 10.1007/978-3-319-07623-2_11 　
Sustaining ecosystem functions in a changing world: a call for an integrated approach Peer-reviewed

Hiroshi Tomimatsu, Takehiro Sasaki, Hiroko Kurokawa, Jon R. Bridle, Colin Fontaine, Jun Kitano, Daniel B. Stouffer, Mark Vellend, T. Martijn Bezemer, Tadashi Fukami, Elizabeth A. Hadly, Marcel G. A. van der Heijden, Masakado Kawata, Sonia Kefi, Nathan J. B. Kraft, Kevin S. McCann, Peter J. Mumby, Tohru Nakashizuka, Owen L. Petchey, Tamara N. Romanuk, Katharine N. Suding, Gaku Takimoto, Jotaro Urabe, Shigeo Yachi

JOURNAL OF APPLIED ECOLOGY　50　(5)　1124-1130　2013/10

DOI： 10.1111/1365-2664.12116 　

ISSN： 0021-8901

eISSN： 1365-2664
Genome-wide deserts for copy number variation in vertebrates Peer-reviewed

Takashi Makino, Aoife McLysaght, Masakado Kawata

NATURE COMMUNICATIONS　4　2283　2013/08

DOI： 10.1038/ncomms3283 　

ISSN： 2041-1723
A comprehensive test for negative frequency-dependent selection Peer-reviewed

Yuma Takahashi, Masakado Kawata

POPULATION ECOLOGY　55　(3)　499-509　2013/07

DOI： 10.1007/s10144-013-0372-7 　

ISSN： 1438-3896

eISSN： 1438-390X
Alternative trait combinations and secondary resource partitioning in sexually selected color polymorphism Peer-reviewed

Yuma Takahashi, Masakado Kawata

ECOLOGY AND EVOLUTION　3　(7)　2038-2046　2013/07

DOI： 10.1002/ece3.610 　

ISSN： 2045-7758
Relative importance of habitat use, range expansion, and speciation in local species diversity of Anolis lizards in Cuba Peer-reviewed

Antonio Cadiz, Nobuaki Nagata, Masatoshi Katabuchi, Luis M. Diaz, Lazaro M. Echenique-Diaz, Hiroshi D. Akashi, Takashi Makino, Masakado Kawata

ECOSPHERE　4　(7)　art78　2013/07

DOI： 10.1890/ES12-00383.1 　

ISSN： 2150-8925
Genetic and environmental factors affecting cryptic variations in gene regulatory networks Peer-reviewed

Watal M. Iwasaki, Masaki E. Tsuda, Masakado Kawata

BMC EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY　13　91　2013/04

DOI： 10.1186/1471-2148-13-91 　

ISSN： 1471-2148
Habitat Variability Correlates with Duplicate Content of Drosophila Genomes Peer-reviewed

Takashi Makino, Masakado Kawata

MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND EVOLUTION　29　(10)　3169-3179　2012/10

DOI： 10.1093/molbev/mss133 　

ISSN： 0737-4038
Evolution of Vertebrate Tissues Driven by Differential Modes of Gene Duplication Peer-reviewed

Satake Masanobu, Kawata Masakado, McLysaght Aoife, Makino Takashi

DNA RESEARCH　19　(4)　305-316　2012/08

DOI： 10.1093/dnares/dss012 　

ISSN： 1340-2838
Shifts in morphology and diet of non-native sticklebacks introduced into Japanese crater lakes Peer-reviewed

Tatsuya Adachi, Asano Ishikawa, Seiichi Mori, Wataru Makino, Manabu Kume, Masakado Kawata, Jun Kitano

ECOLOGY AND EVOLUTION　2　(6)　1083-1098　2012/06

DOI： 10.1002/ece3.234 　

ISSN： 2045-7758
Optimal feeding under stoichiometric constraints: a model of compensatory feeding with functional response Peer-reviewed

Yukari Suzuki-Ohno, Masakado Kawata, Jotaro Urabe

OIKOS　121　(4)　569-578　2012/04

DOI： 10.1111/j.1600-0706.2011.19320.x 　

ISSN： 0030-1299
Comprehensive Primer Design for Analysis of Population Genetics in Non-Sequenced Organisms Peer-reviewed

Ayumi Tezuka, Noe Matsushima, Yoriko Nemoto, Hiroshi D. Akashi, Masakado Kawata, Takashi Makino

PLOS ONE　7　(2)　e32314　2012/02

DOI： 10.1371/journal.pone.0032314 　

ISSN： 1932-6203
Divergence in Sex Steroid Hormone Signaling between Sympatric Species of Japanese Threespine Stickleback Peer-reviewed

Jun Kitano, Yui Kawagishi, Seiichi Mori, Catherine L. Peichel, Takashi Makino, Masakado Kawata, Makoto Kusakabe

PLOS ONE　6　(12)　e29253　2011/12

DOI： 10.1371/journal.pone.0029253 　

ISSN： 1932-6203
The long-term consequences of hybridization between the two Daphnia species, D. galeata and D. dentifera, in mature habitats Peer-reviewed

Seiji Ishida, Akiko Takahashi, Noe Matsushima, Jun Yokoyama, Wataru Makino, Jotaro Urabe, Masakado Kawata

BMC EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY　11　209　2011/07

DOI： 10.1186/1471-2148-11-209 　

ISSN： 1471-2148
Phenotypic and genetic differences in a perennial herb across a natural gradient of CO2 concentration Peer-reviewed

Ito Nakamura, Yusuke Onoda, Noe Matsushima, Jun Yokoyama, Masakado Kawata, Kouki Hikosaka

OECOLOGIA　165　(3)　809-818　2011/03

DOI： 10.1007/s00442-010-1900-1 　

ISSN： 0029-8549
Effects of evolutionary changes in prey use on the relationship between food web complexity and stability Peer-reviewed

Wakako Yamaguchi, Michio Kondoh, Masakado Kawata

POPULATION ECOLOGY　53　(1)　59-72　2011/01

DOI： 10.1007/s10144-010-0212-y 　

ISSN： 1438-3896
The MC1R gene in the guppy (Poecilia reticulata): Genotypic and phenotypic polymorphisms Peer-reviewed

Ayumi Tezuka, Hiroaki Yamamoto, Jun Yokoyama, Cock Van Oosterhout, Masakado Kawata

BMC Research Notes　4　31　2011

DOI： 10.1186/1756-0500-4-31 　

ISSN： 1756-0500
Evolution of Gene Regulatory Networks by Fluctuating Selection and Intrinsic Constraints Peer-reviewed

Masaki E. Tsuda, Masakado Kawata

PLOS COMPUTATIONAL BIOLOGY　6　(8)　e1000873　2010/08

DOI： 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1000873 　

ISSN： 1553-734X

eISSN： 1553-7358
Why is adaptation prevented at ecological margins? New insights from individual-based simulations Peer-reviewed

Jon R. Bridle, Jitka Polechova, Masakado Kawata, Roger K. Butlin

ECOLOGY LETTERS　13　(4)　485-494　2010/04

DOI： 10.1111/j.1461-0248.2010.01442.x 　

ISSN： 1461-023X

eISSN： 1461-0248
The effects of the evolution of stoichiometry-related traits on population dynamics in plankton communities Peer-reviewed

Akiko N. Mizuno, Masakado Kawata

JOURNAL OF THEORETICAL BIOLOGY　259　(2)　209-218　2009/07

DOI： 10.1016/j.jtbi.2009.02.025 　

ISSN： 0022-5193
Genetic structure of island populations of the endangered bat Hipposideros turpis turpis: implications for conservation Peer-reviewed

Lazaro Miguel Echenique-Diaz, Jun Yokoyama, Osamu Takahashi, Masakado Kawata

POPULATION ECOLOGY　51　(1)　153-160　2009/01

DOI： 10.1007/s10144-008-0111-7 　

ISSN： 1438-3896
Size-dependent foraging gene expression and behavioral caste differentiation in Bombus ignitus Peer-reviewed

Yosuke Kodaira, Hajime Ohtsuki, Jun Yokoyama, Masakado Kawata

BMC Research Notes　2　2009

DOI： 10.1186/1756-0500-2-184 　

ISSN： 1756-0500
Nitric Oxide Synthase (NOS) in the Japanese Fireflies Luciola lateralis and Luciola cruciata Peer-reviewed

Hajime Ohtsuki, Jun Yokoyama, Nobuyoshi Ohba, Yoshihiro Ohmiya, Masakado Kawata

ARCHIVES OF INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY　69　(4)　176-188　2008/12

DOI： 10.1002/arch.20275 　

ISSN： 0739-4462
Genetic and acoustic population structuring in the Okinawa least horseshoe bat: are intercolony acoustic differences maintained by vertical maternal transmission? Peer-reviewed

Hajime Yoshino, Kyle N. Armstrong, Masako Izawa, Jun Yokoyama, Masakado Kawata

MOLECULAR ECOLOGY　17　(23)　4978-4991　2008/12

DOI： 10.1111/j.1365-294X.2008.03975.x 　

ISSN： 0962-1083
Message from the editor-in-chief Peer-reviewed

Masakado Kawata

Ecological Research　23　(1)　1　2008/01

DOI： 10.1007/s11284-007-0446-0 　

ISSN： 0912-3814 1440-1703
Role of the 5 '-> 3 ' exonuclease and Klenow fragment of Escherichia coli DNA polymerase I in base mismatch repair Peer-reviewed

Masaru Imai, Yu-ichiro Tago, Makoto Ihara, Masakado Kawata, Kazuo Yamamoto

MOLECULAR GENETICS AND GENOMICS　278　(2)　211-220　2007/08

DOI： 10.1007/s00438-007-0239-8 　

ISSN： 1617-4615
A genetically explicit model of speciation by sensory drive within a continuous population in aquatic environments Peer-reviewed

Masakado Kawata, Ayako Shoji, Shoji Kawamura, Ole Seehausen

BMC EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY　7　99　2007/06

DOI： 10.1186/1471-2148-7-99 　

ISSN： 1471-2148
Relative resource abundance explains butterfly biodiversity in island communities Peer-reviewed

Naoaki Yamamoto, Jun Yokoyama, Masakado Kawata

PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA　104　(25)　10524-10529　2007/06

DOI： 10.1073/pnas.0701583104 　

ISSN： 0027-8424
Molecular phylogeny and genetic divergence of the introduced populations of japanese guppies, Poecilia reticulata Peer-reviewed

Ayako Shoji, Jun Yokoyama, Masakado Kawata

CONSERVATION GENETICS　8　(2)　261-271　2007/04

DOI： 10.1007/s10592-006-9166-1 　

ISSN： 1566-0621
Effects of temporal and spatial heterogeneities created by consumer-driven nutrient recycling on algal diversity Peer-reviewed

Satoshi Kato, Jotaro Urabe, Masakado Kawata

JOURNAL OF THEORETICAL BIOLOGY　245　(2)　364-377　2007/03

DOI： 10.1016/j.jtbi.2006.10.012 　

ISSN： 0022-5193
Impact of ancestral populations on postzygotic isolation in allopatric speciation Peer-reviewed

TI Hayashi, M Kawata

POPULATION ECOLOGY　48　(2)　121-130　2006/04

DOI： 10.1007/s10144-005-0246-8 　

ISSN： 1438-3896
Genital lock-and-key system and premating isolation by mate preference in carabid beetles (Carabus subgenus Ohomopterus) Peer-reviewed

T Usami, J Yokoyama, K Kubota, M Kawata

BIOLOGICAL JOURNAL OF THE LINNEAN SOCIETY　87　(1)　145-154　2006/01

DOI： 10.1111/j.1095-8312.2006.00562.x 　

ISSN： 0024-4066
Geographic differences in flash intervals and pre-mating isolation between populations of the Genji firefly, Luciola cruciata Peer-reviewed

M Tamura, J Yokoyama, N Ohba, M Kawata

ECOLOGICAL ENTOMOLOGY　30　(2)　241-245　2005/04

DOI： 10.1111/j.0307-6946.2005.00683.x 　

ISSN： 0307-6946
Absence of strand bias for deletion mutagenesis during chromosomal leading and lagging strand replication in Escherichia coli Peer-reviewed

Yuki Nagata, Genta Kawaguchi, Yu-Ichiro Tago, Masaru Imai, Takashi Watanabe, Shigehisa Sakurai, Makoto Ihara, Masakado Kawata, Kazuo Yamamoto

Genes and Genetic Systems　80　(1)　1-8　2005/02

DOI： 10.1266/ggs.80.1 　

ISSN： 1341-7568
The choice of oviposition site and the effects of density and oviposition timing on survivorship in Rana japonica Peer-reviewed

N Matsushima, M Kawata

ECOLOGICAL RESEARCH　20　(1)　81-86　2005/01

DOI： 10.1007/s11284-004-0010-0 　

ISSN： 0912-3814
The effects of spatial habitat structure on the evolution of density-dependent growth and reproduction in freshwater snails Peer-reviewed

Masakado Kawata, Hiroshi Sawada, Jun Yokoyama, Lázaro M. Echenique-Díaz, Yasuyuki Ishibashi

Hydrobiologia　533　(1)　229-241　2005/01

DOI： 10.1007/s10750-004-2740-y 　

ISSN： 0018-8158
Role of the RuvAB protein in avoiding spontaneous formation of deletion mutations in the Escherichia coli K-12 endogenous tonB gene Peer-reviewed

K Mashimo, Y Nagata, M Kawata, H Iwasaki, K Yamamoto

BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOPHYSICAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS　323　(1)　197-203　2004/10

DOI： 10.1016/j.bbrc.2004.08.078 　

ISSN： 0006-291X
Characterization of 17 microsatellite loci in the Japanese land snail genera Mandarina, Ainohelix, and Euhadra (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Pulmonata) Peer-reviewed

A Davison, S Chiba, M Kawata

MOLECULAR ECOLOGY NOTES　4　(3)　423-425　2004/09

DOI： 10.1111/j.1471-8286.2004.00680.x 　

ISSN： 1471-8278
A new hypothesis for species coexistence: male-male repulsion promotes coexistence of competing species Peer-reviewed

OK Mikami, M Kohda, M Kawata

POPULATION ECOLOGY　46　(2)　213-217　2004/08

DOI： 10.1007/s10144-004-0189-5 　

ISSN： 1438-3896
Does interspecific territoriality reflect the intensity of ecological interactions? - A theoretical model for interspecific territoriality Peer-reviewed

OK Mikami, M Kawata

EVOLUTIONARY ECOLOGY RESEARCH　6　(5)　765-775　2004/07

ISSN： 1522-0613
Evolution of rumours that discriminate lying defectors Peer-reviewed

M Nakamaru, M Kawata

EVOLUTIONARY ECOLOGY RESEARCH　6　(2)　261-283　2004/02

ISSN： 1522-0613
The evolution of extreme shell shape variation in the land snail Ainohelix editha: a phylogeny and hybrid zone analysis Peer-reviewed

H Teshima, A Davison, Y Kuwahara, J Yokoyama, S Chiba, T Fukuda, H Ogimura, M Kawata

MOLECULAR ECOLOGY　12　(7)　1869-1878　2003/07

DOI： 10.1046/j.1365-294X.2003.01862.x 　

ISSN： 0962-1083
Roles of the RecJ and RecQ proteins in spontaneous formation of deletion mutations in the Escherichia coli K12 endogenous tonB gene Peer-reviewed

K Mashimo, M Kawata, K Yamamoto

MUTAGENESIS　18　(4)　355-363　2003/07

DOI： 10.1093/mutage/geg004 　

ISSN： 0267-8357
X-ray-induced mutations in Escherichia coli K-12 strains with altered DNA polymerase I activities Peer-reviewed

Y Nagata, M Kawata, J Komura, T Ono, K Yamamoto

MUTATION RESEARCH-FUNDAMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MECHANISMS OF MUTAGENESIS　528　(1-2)　93-103　2003/07

DOI： 10.1016/S0027-5107(03)00100-3 　

ISSN： 0027-5107
Evolution of biodiversity through divergent processes: Theories and facts II. Empirical studies Peer-reviewed

Masakado Kawata

Population Ecology　44　(3)　127-128　2002/12

DOI： 10.1007/s101440200015 　

ISSN： 1438-3896
How genes causing unfit hybrids evolve within populations: a review of models of postzygotic isolation Peer-reviewed

TI Hayashi, M Kawata

POPULATION ECOLOGY　44　(3)　157-163　2002/12

DOI： 10.1007/s101440200019 　

ISSN： 1438-3896
Characterization of spontaneous mutation in the ΔsoxR and SoxS overproducing strains of Escherichia coli Peer-reviewed

Eiji Yamamura, Eun Hye Lee, Akihiro Kuzumaki, Norio Uematsu, Tatsuo Nunoshiba, Masakado Kawata, Kazuo Yamamoto

Journal of Radiation Research　43　(2)　195-203　2002/06

DOI： 10.1269/jrr.43.195 　

ISSN： 0449-3060
How genes causing unfit hybrid evolve within population?: A review for models of postzygotic isolation Peer-reviewed

Hayashi I.T, Kawata M

Population Ecology　43　179-188　2002
Isolation and characterization of microsatellite loci in the Bangユs leaf-nosed bat Hipposideros turpis Peer-reviewed

Echenique L. M, J. Yokoyama, M. Kawata, S. Abe, Y. Ishibashi

Molecular Ecology Notes 2: 398-401　2　398-401　2002

DOI： 10.1046/j.1471-8286.2002.00250.x 　
The roles of Klenow processing and flap processing activities of DNA polymerase I in chromosome instability in Escherichia coli K12 strains Peer-reviewed

Y Nagata, K Mashimo, M Kawata, K Yamamoto

GENETICS　160　(1)　13-23　2002/01

ISSN： 0016-6731
The effects of individual interactions and habitat preferences on spatial structure in a grassland bird community Peer-reviewed

Osamu K. Mikami, Masakado Kawata

Ecography　25　(2)　200-214　2002

DOI： 10.1034/j.1600-0587.2002.250208.x 　

ISSN： 0906-7590
Invasion of vacant niches and subsequent sympatric speciation Peer-reviewed

M Kawata

PROCEEDINGS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES　269　(1486)　55-63　2002/01

DOI： 10.1098/rspb.2001.1846 　

ISSN： 0962-8452
The influence of neighborhood size and habitat shape on the accumulation of deleterious mutations Peer-reviewed

M Kawata

JOURNAL OF THEORETICAL BIOLOGY　211　(3)　187-199　2001/08

DOI： 10.1006/jtbi.2001.2268 　

ISSN： 0022-5193
The dybamics of the spatial micro-distribution of periphyton and the influence of grazing by snails. Peer-reviewed

Kawata M, Hayashi M, Hara T

Oikos　92　404-416　2001/04
Interaction between neighboring algae and snail grazing in structuring microdistribution patterns of periphyton Peer-reviewed

KAWATA Masakado

Oikos　92　404-406　2001
An in Vivo approach to identifying sequence context of 8-oxoguanine mutagenesis Peer-reviewed

Takashi Watanabe, Tatsuo Nunoshiba, Masakado Kawata, Kazuo Yamamoto

Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications　284　(1)　179-184　2001
Publisher: Academic Press Inc.
DOI： 10.1006/bbrc.2001.4946 　

ISSN： 0006-291X
Evolution of postmating isolation: Comparison of three models based on possible genetic mechanisms Peer-reviewed

T. I. Hayashi, M. Kawata

Population Ecology　43　(2)　179-188　2001
Publisher: Springer Japan
DOI： 10.1007/PL00012028 　

ISSN： 1438-3896
Speciation by sexual selection in hybridizing populations without viability selection Peer-reviewed

M Kawata, J Yoshimura

EVOLUTIONARY ECOLOGY RESEARCH　2　(7)　897-909　2000/11

ISSN： 1522-0613
The effect of spatial habitat structure on population variability of freshwater snails Peer-reviewed

KAWATA Masakado

Hydrobiologia　429　157-167　2000
Characterization of spontaneous mutation in the oxyR strain of Escherichia coli. Peer-reviewed

Yamamura,E.」「T, Nunoshiba」「M. Kawata」「K. Yamamoto」

Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications　279　427-422　2000

DOI： 10.1006/bbrc.2000.3961 　
The effects of dispersal behaviour in group selection Peer-reviewed

M Kawata

EVOLUTIONARY ECOLOGY RESEARCH　1　(6)　663-680　1999/10

ISSN： 1522-0613
Perceptual scales of spatial heterogeneity of periphyton for freshwater snails Peer-reviewed

M Kawata, H Agawa

ECOLOGY LETTERS　2　(4)　210-214　1999/07

DOI： 10.1046/j.1461-0248.1999.00071.x 　

ISSN： 1461-023X
Social organization of the vole Clethrionomysonzys rufocanus and its demographic and genetic consequences: a review Peer-reviewed

Y Ishibashi, T Saitoh, M Kawata

RESEARCHES ON POPULATION ECOLOGY　40　(1)　39-50　1998/06

DOI： 10.1007/BF02765220 　

ISSN： 0034-5466
The role of male dispersal in evolution of altruistic behavio Peer-reviewed

Kawata, M

Shoji, A., J. Yokoyama and M. Kawata. (in press) Molecular phylogeny and genetic divergence of the introduced populations of Japanese guppies, Poecilia reticulata. Conservation Genetics.　13　367-375　1998

DOI： 10.1046/j.1440-1703.1998.00276.x 　
Exploitative competition and ecological effective abundance Peer-reviewed

M Kawata

ECOLOGICAL MODELLING　94　(2-3)　125-137　1997/01

DOI： 10.1016/S0304-3800(96)00008-7 　

ISSN： 0304-3800
Morphological stasis and phylogenetic relationships in Tadpole shrimps(Triops) Peer-reviewed

KAWATA Masakado

Biological Journal of Linnean Society　61　439-457　1997

DOI： 10.1006/bijl.1997.0138 　
The effect of neighborhood densities or reproductive success Peer-reviewed

KAWATA Masakado

Ecoscience　4　465-469　1997
The loss of genetic variability in a fragmented continuous population Peer-reviewed

KAWATA Masakado

Researches on Population Ecology　39　227-237　1997

DOI： 10.1007/BF02765269 　
he effect of ecological and genetic neighborhood size on the evolution of two competing species Peer-reviewed

Kawata, M

Evolutionary Ecology　10　609-630　1996
Effective population size in a continuously distributed population Peer-reviewed

M Kawata

EVOLUTION　49　(6)　1046-1054　1995/12

ISSN： 0014-3820
The effect of color polymorphism on mortality in the aphid Macrosiphoniella yomogicola Invited Peer-reviewed

Hiroko Agawa, Masakado Kawata

Ecological Research　10　(3)　301-306　1995/12
Publisher: Springer-Verlag
DOI： 10.1007/BF02347856 　

ISSN： 0912-3814 1440-1703
Emergent and effective properties in ecology and evolution Peer-reviewed

Masakado Kawata

Researches on Population Ecology　37　(1)　93-96　1995/06
Publisher: Springer-Verlag
DOI： 10.1007/BF02515765 　

ISSN： 0034-5466 1438-390X
A comment on "Can Group-functional behaviors evolved by cultural group selection?" Invited Peer-reviewed

Masakado Kawata

Current Anthropology　36　484-485　1995/06
From Artificial individuals to global patterns Peer-reviewed

KAWATA Masakado

Trends in Ecology and Evolution　11　417-421　1994
RELATIVE IMPORTANCE OF DIRECT AND INDIRECT INTERACTION AMONG INDIVIDUAL SNAILS Peer-reviewed

M KAWATA

RESEARCHES ON POPULATION ECOLOGY　35　(1)　69-77　1993/06

DOI： 10.1007/BF02515646 　

ISSN： 0034-5466
The effects of visual donsity on fecundity in guppy Peer-reviewed

「Nishibori, M, 「M. Kawata」

Environmental Biology of Fishes　37　213-217　1993/03
The Growth of juvenile snails in water conditioned by snails of a different spectes Peer-reviewed

KAWATA Masakado

Oecologia　91　75-79　1992
Individual differences in food access in freshwater snails, Physa acuta Peer-reviewed

「Kawata, M」「Inaba, M

Journal of Ethology　10　75-79　1992
FLUCTUATING POPULATIONS AND KIN INTERACTION IN MAMMALS Peer-reviewed

M KAWATA

TRENDS IN ECOLOGY & EVOLUTION　5　(1)　17-20　1990/01

ISSN： 0169-5347
Kin interaction and population growth: reply Peer-reviewed

Kawata, M

Trends in Ecology and Evolution　54　371-372　1990
Social Organization of the Vole Clethrionomys rufocanus and Its Demographic and Genetic Consequences Invited Peer-reviewed

Ishibashi, Y. Saitho, T, Kawata, M

Researches on Population Ecology　40　39--50　1989/06

DOI： 10.1007/BF02765220 　
GROWTH AND DISPERSAL TIMING IN MALE RED-BACKED VOLES CLETHRIONOMYS RUFOCANUS-BEDFORDIAE Peer-reviewed

M KAWATA

OIKOS　54　(2)　220-226　1989/02

ISSN： 0030-1299
Mating success, spatial organization and male characters in the field experimental populations of the red-backed vole Peer-reviewed

KAWATA Masakado

Journal of Animal Ecology　57　217-235　1988
The effect of introduced males on spatial pattern of initially introduced red-backed voles Peer-reviewed

「Kawata, M, Saitoh, T

Acta Theriologica　33　585-588　1988
Units and passages: A view for evolutionary biology and ecology Peer-reviewed

Masakado Kawata

Biology and Philosophy　2　(4)　415-434　1987/10
Publisher: Kluwer Academic Publishers
DOI： 10.1007/BF00127699 　

ISSN： 0169-3867 1572-8404
The effect of kinship on spacing among female red-backed voles, Clethrionomys rufocanus bedfordiae Peer-reviewed

Kawata, M

Oecologia　72　89-97　1987
Pregnancy failure and suppression by female-female interaction in the field population of the red-backed vole, Clethrionomys rufocanus bedfordiae Peer-reviewed

Kawata, M

Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology　20　89-97　1987
Mating System and reproductive sucess in a spring population of the ren-backed vole Peer-reviewed

KAWATA Masakado

Oikos　45　115-122　1985
SEX-DIFFERENCES IN THE SPATIAL-DISTRIBUTION OF GENOTYPES IN THE RED-BACKED VOLE, CLETHRIONOMYS-RUFOCANUS-BEDFORDIAE Peer-reviewed

M KAWATA

JOURNAL OF MAMMALOGY　66　(2)　384-387　1985

ISSN： 0022-2372
Protein polymorphisms and their genetic control in the red-backed vole, Clethrionomys rufocanus bedfordiae Peer-reviewed

「Kawata, M, 「, J. Ueda」

Animal Brood Groups and Biochemical Genetics　15　146-150　1984/10

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Misc. 17

外洋性渦鞭毛藻Ornithocercus magnificusに見られる共生シアノバクテリアのゲノム解析

中山卓郎, 高野義人, 野村真未, 柴小菊, 稲葉一男, 谷藤吾朗, 河田雅圭, 稲垣祐司

藻類　66　(1)　73　2018/03/10

ISSN： 0038-1578
Evolutionary genetic basis underlying social and cognitive abilities in human

Daiki Sato, Takashi Makino, Masakado Kawata

GENES & GENETIC SYSTEMS　91　(6)　343-343　2016/12

ISSN： 1341-7568

eISSN： 1880-5779
Spectral sensitivity of guppy visual pigments reconstituted in vitro to resolve association of opsins with cone cell types

Shoji Kawamura, Satosi Kasagi, Daisuke Kasai, Ayumi Tezuka, Ayako Shoji, Akiyoshi Takahashi, Hiroo Imai, Masakado Kawata

GENES & GENETIC SYSTEMS　91　(6)　376-376　2016/12

ISSN： 1341-7568

eISSN： 1880-5779
Gustatory receptor gene repertoires linked to host range variation in Nymphalid butterflies

Hiromu Suzuki, Katsuhisa Ozaki, Takashi Makino, Hironobu Uchiyama, Shunsuke Yajima, Masakado Kawata

CHEMICAL SENSES　41　(9)　E228-E229　2016/11

ISSN： 0379-864X

eISSN： 1464-3553
小笠原諸島に侵入したグリーンアノールの進化的変化の検出と集団ゲノム解析

玉手智史, 森英章, COMPOSANO Brian J., LKRYSKO Kenneth, 舟山亮, 中山啓子, 牧野能士, 河田雅圭

日本生態学会大会講演要旨(Web)　63rd　2016
沖縄の移入グッピー集団における色覚の遺伝的分化

酒井祐輔, 稲田垂穂, 青木翔子, 鶴井香織, 満行知花, 陶山佳久, 辻和希, 河田雅圭

日本進化学会大会プログラム・講演要旨集(Web)　18th　2016
小笠原諸島に侵入したグリーンアノールの進化的変化の検出と集団ゲノミクス解析

玉手智史, 森英章, KRYSKO Kenneth L., 牧野能士, 河田雅圭

日本進化学会大会プログラム・講演要旨集(Web)　17th　2015
ゲノム内の遺伝子重複の進化がもたらす生物の適応力

河田雅圭, 牧野能士

化学と生物　53　(11)　731-733　2015
Publisher: 公益社団法人日本農芸化学会
DOI： 10.1271/kagakutoseibutsu.53.731 　
小笠原諸島に侵入したグリーンアノールの進化的変化の検出

玉手智史, 牧野能士, 森英章, KRYSKO Kenneth L., 河田雅圭

日本生態学会大会講演要旨(Web)　61st　2014
The neo-sex-chromosome formation drove the evolution of protein-coding sequences and transcriptome in three-spine sticklebacks

Kohta Yoshida, Takashi Makino, Katsushi Yamaguchi, Shuji Shigenobu, Mitsuyasu Hasebe, Masakado Kawata, Atsushi Toyoda, Asao Fujiyama, Jun Kitano

GENES & GENETIC SYSTEMS　88　(6)　356-356　2013/12

ISSN： 1341-7568

eISSN： 1880-5779
個体の分散が生物多様性の進化に与える効果

河田雅圭

日本生態学会誌　54　(3)　255-257　2004/04
Publisher: The Ecological Society of Japan
DOI： 10.18960/seitai.54.3_255 　

ISSN： 0021-5007
The evolution of extreme shell shape variation in the land snail Ainohelix editha: a phylogeny and hybrid zone analysis (vol 12, pg 1869, 2003)

H Teshima, A Davison, Y Kuwahara, J Yokoyama, S Chiba, T Fukuda, H Ogimura, M Kawata

MOLECULAR ECOLOGY　12　(11)　3199-3199　2003/11

DOI： 10.1046/j.1365-294X.2003.02017.x 　

ISSN： 0962-1083
Evolution of biodiversity through divergent processes: Theories and facts - I. Theories

Masakado Kawata

Population Ecology　44　(2)　49-50　2002/08

DOI： 10.1007/s101440200006 　

ISSN： 1438-3896
進化論再考-未解決問題の解明に向けて

河田雅圭

イミダス　261-27　2002/01
Publisher: 集英社
絶滅パターンの原因と進化.

河田雅圭, 千葉聡

科学　64　684-690　1994/10
Reply from Masakado Kawata

Masakado Kawata

Trends in Ecology and Evolution　5　(11)　371-372　1990

DOI： 10.1016/0169-5347(90)90099-Y 　

ISSN： 0169-5347
Imperial Japan [3]

Masakado Kawata, Eiich Kasuya

Nature　338　(6214)　370　1989

DOI： 10.1038/338370c0 　

ISSN： 0028-0836

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Books and Other Publications 14

ダーウィンの進化論はどこまで正しいのか? : 進化の仕組みを基礎から学ぶ

河田, 雅圭

光文社　2024/04

ISBN: 9784334102920
個性学入門 : 個性創発の科学

保前, 文高, 大隅, 典子

朝倉書店　2021/08

ISBN: 9784254102956
多様性と異文化理解

河田雅圭

東北大学出版会　2021/03
生物多様性は復興にどんな役割を果たしたか-東日本大震災からのグリーン復興

中静透, 河田雅圭, 今井麻希子, 岸上祐子

昭和堂　2018/11

ISBN: 9784812217344
生態適応科学：自然のしくみを活かし、持続可能な未来を拓く

東北大学生態適応グローバルCOE編

日経BP社　2013/02

ISBN: 9784822208691

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エコゲノミクス―遺伝子からみた適応―

北野潤, 河田雅圭

共立出版　2012/12
Encyclopedia of Islands

「Echenique-Díaz L. M.」「 J. Yokoyama」「M. Kawata」

University of California Press　2009/09
シリーズ群集生態学(2) 進化生物学からせまる

河田雅圭, 千葉聡

京都大学学術出版会　2009/03
シリーズ進化学行動・生態の進化

河田雅圭

岩波書店　2007/07
Macroecology: Concept and Consequences

「Butlin,R.」「J. Bridle」「M. Kawata」

Blackwell　2003/07
シリーズ性を問う1. 原理論

河田雅圭

専修大学出版会　1997
講座進化第１巻

河田雅圭

東京大学出版会　1991
Introdcution to Evolutionary Theory

Masakado Kawata

Kodansya, Co　1990/10
A view of ecolutionary theory

Masakado Kawata

Konokuniya Co　1989/08

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Presentations 18

A genetically explicit model of speciation by sensory drive within a continuous population International-presentation

Ayako Shoji, Shoji Kawamura, Ole Seehausen

Japanese-Korean Joint Meeting for Mathematical Biology　2006/09/16
CO2噴出地におけるオオバコの進化：遺伝子流動と局所適応

中村伊都, 横山潤, 彦坂幸毅

第53回生態学会大会　2006/03
Speciation by sensory drive through the evolution of visual pigments along an environmental light gradient International-presentation

Spatial Heterogeneity in Biotic and Abiotic Environment: Effects on Species Ranges, Co-evolution, and Speciation　2006/02/06
Adaptive radiation

第7回日本進化学会大会　2005/08
シクリッドにおいて同所的種分化は起こりうるのか？

河田雅圭

第52回生態学会大会　2005/03
性選択による種分化機構；理論的検討

河田雅圭

日本遺伝学会第76回大会　2004/09/27
分散の進化と生物多様性

第51回日本生態学会大会　2004/08/27
生物間相互作用から見た生物多様性の進化

第6回日本進化学会大会　2004/08
Mechanical and behavioral reproductive isolation in Carabid beetles International-presentation

Kawata, M

The First Okazaki Biology Conference　2004/01/25
The evolution of visual pigments and premating isolation: a theoretical consideration International-presentation

Kawata, M, Shoji, A, Kawamura S

Cichild Symposium 2003. Evoluton, Diversification and speciation　2003/09/20
交配後隔離に関わる遺伝子の有害性と種分化

河田雅圭, 林岳彦

第５回日本進化学会　2003/08/19
The effects of individual dispersal on the evolution of niche width and the patterns of biological diversity

河田雅圭

第50回日本生態学会　2003/03/19
Isolation and migration in island population of Hipposideros turpis (Chiroptera, Hipposideridae): History or current patterns? International-presentation

Echenique-Diaz LM, Yokoyama J, Ishibashi Y, Kawata M

VIII INTECOL　2002/08
性選択による交配前隔離の進化：分子機構と生態的要因

河田雅圭

第4回日本進化学会大会　2002/08
Genetics and the boundaries of species distributions

R. Butlin, J. Bridle, M. Kawata

2002 Annual Symposium；Macroecology: reconciling divergent perspectives on large scale ecological　2002/04
生物多様性の進化のしくみをさぐる

河田雅圭

第49回日本生態学会大会公開講演会　2002/03/30
環境変動と密度依存性の進化

河田雅圭, 澤田寛, 横山潤

第49回日本生態学会大会　2002/03
Theoretical and empirical problems in postmating isolaton International-presentation

T. Hayashi, M. Kawata

The 20 th symposium of the Society of Population Ecology　2001/10

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Research Projects 43

Does Evolution Repeat Itself? Genome Evolution and Phenotypic Convergence in Island Lizards

Offer Organization: International Human Frontier Science Program organization

Category: Research Grant

2020/12 - 2025/11
Evolution of human population by small mitochondrial RNA

Offer Organization: Japan Society for the Promotion of Science

System: Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research

Category: Grant-in-Aid for JSPS Fellows

Institution: Tohoku University

2021/07/28 - 2024/03/31
グッピーにおける色彩装飾形質の進化：csf1r遺伝子に着目して

河田雅圭

Offer Organization: 学術真の句会

System: 科学研究費

Category: 基盤研究B

Institution: 東北大学

2021/04 - 2024/03
Evolutionary mechnisms for thermal niche shift in Anolis lizards

Offer Organization: Japan Society for the Promotion of Science

System: Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research

Category: Fund for the Promotion of Joint International Research (Fostering Joint International Research (B))

Institution: Tohoku University

2019/10/07 - 2023/03/31
日本列島人で交雑後特異的に適応進化した精神的特性・食物に関連する遺伝子の検出

河田雅圭

Offer Organization: 日本学術振興会

System: 科学研究費助成事業

Category: 新学術領域研究(研究領域提案型)

Institution: 東北大学

2019/04/01 - 2021/03/31

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縄文人ゲノム34個体、中国古代人ゲノム47個体(Yang at al., 2020とNing at al., 2020による北東アジア由来で約１万~3000年のゲノム配列)を用いて、現代日本人集団との比較を行った。各集団のアレル頻度をSNP座位を含むリードのカウントを使用して、最尤推定した (Mathieson et al., 2015)。日本人集団と分化している領域を検出するため、 (1)現代日本と縄文人間、(2)現代日本と古代中国人間について、FSTを領域ごとに計算し、その値が大きい上位0.1%以上を分化している領域として検出した。日本と縄文間で分化している遺伝子として2型糖尿病(SNHG17、NAMPT、ACAD10) や肥満(ATXN2)などエネルギー代謝や糖質代謝に関わる遺伝子や、心疾患(TEX41)が検出された。また、アルコール代謝に関わるALDH2, 耳垢(ABCC11)や乳がん（CYP1B1、ACBB11）などが検出された。ALDH2、ABCC11、CYP1B1は、現代日本人のゲノム配列から選択的一掃などを検出する方法で自然選択を受けた遺伝子としても検出されている(Okada et al. 2018, Yoshimura et al. 2006, Yasumizu et al. 2020)。2型糖尿病や肥満などに関わる遺伝子は、稲作伝来による食生活の変化が影響していることが考えられた。日本と古代中国人で分化している遺伝子として、統合失調症(GRIK1、THEM4、RP4-598G3.1)、アルコール代謝(ADH cluster)、前立腺癌(HDAC1)、膀胱癌(EDC3)、身長(DOCKK3)などが検出された。ADH clusterは、自然選択を受けた遺伝子としても検出されている(Yasumizu et al. 2020)。
VMAT1変異が精神的個性に及ぼす影響:マルチスケールアプローチによる解明

河田雅圭

Offer Organization: 日本学術振興会

System: 科学研究費助成事業

Category: 新学術領域研究(研究領域提案型)

Institution: 東北大学

2019/04/01 - 2021/03/31

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申請者らはこれまで、小胞モノアミントランスポーター１（VMAT1）遺伝子において、ヒト系統特異的に出現したアミノ酸置換(136Asn→Thr/Ile)が自然選択を受けてきたことを示した。また、培養細胞を用いたVMAT1タンパク質の機能解析により、この置換がVMAT1の神経伝達物質の取り込み能力に影響することを示している。一方で、ヒト特異的なVMAT1遺伝子変異が関連遺伝子群の発現や脳内の神経活動、そして個体の行動に与える包括的な影響は不明であった。これらを解明するため、本研究では当該の１アミノ酸置換を施した遺伝子編集マウスを作製し、網羅的な行動バッテリーテスト、関連脳部位における脳波測定、および関連遺伝子の脳内発現量測定を実施した。行動実験の結果、136Ile型マウスは野生型（Asn型）あるいはThr型マウスに比べて、不安様行動が少ないほか、社会性行動に変化が見られた。また、高架式十字迷路試験を実行中のマウスの脳内に電極を挿入し、開放・閉鎖アーム滞在時における神経活動を測定した。不安傾向に差が見られたことをふまえ、背内側前頭前皮質および扁桃体の神経活動に着目したところ、他の遺伝子型に比べて、136Ile型マウスは扁桃体の神経活動に違いが見られた。さらに、各遺伝子型４個体の前頭前皮質、扁桃体、線条体を用いて、網羅的な遺伝子発現解析（RNA-seq）を行なった。その結果、136Ile型マウスは野生型マウスに比べて、扁桃体において神経伝達に関わる遺伝子群の発現が低下していることが明らかとなった。これらの結果は、これまで中枢神経系での役割があまり解明されていなかったVMAT1遺伝子の作用機序を新たに示す研究成果であるといえる。また、人類進化の観点からも、VMAT1遺伝子がヒトの情動進化に果たした役割を実験的に明らかにした重要な成果であると考えられる。
Detecting genomic regions preferred by females: a test for good gene model

KAWATA MASAKADO

Offer Organization: Japan Society for the Promotion of Science

System: Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research

Category: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)

Institution: Tohoku University

2018/04/01 - 2021/03/31

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Guppies maintain a significant diversity in male body colorS and in female mate preference for male body color. In this study, we aimed to identify the genomic regions of males selected by pre- and post-mating female preferences in the field populations. The analysis detected 402 ~ 434 candidate genes in each population. Among the candidate genes, several genes related to signal traits (body color and fins) and viability (immunity and antioxidation) were detected. Immune and antioxidant genes may be good genes for improving survival in offspring. This study could obtain the candidate genes which might be related to the evolution of mate preference of the female.
Establishment of model organisms for understanding major evolutionary changes using C. inopinata

KAWATA MASAKADO

Offer Organization: Japan Society for the Promotion of Science

System: Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research

Category: Grant-in-Aid for Challenging Research (Exploratory)

Institution: Tohoku University

2018/06/29 - 2020/03/31

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In this study, we focused on C. inopinata, a closely related species of C. elegans with a large change in body size, to test the hypothesis that transposable elements (TE) led to major evolutionary changes. 12% of the sequences in the genome were determined to be derived from TE in C. elegans and 25% in C. inopinata. The analysis showed that the group of genes with TE in C. inopinata tended to have significantly lower expression levels in both C. inopinata and C. elegans, indicating that the TE in C. inopinata may be inserted in the vicinity of genes already low in expression in the common ancestor of the two species.
The effect of VMAT1 variants and experiences on emotional differences

Offer Organization: Japan Society for the Promotion of Science

System: Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research

Category: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research on Innovative Areas (Research in a proposed research area)

Institution: Tohoku University

2017/04/01 - 2019/03/31
Multiple evolutionary adaptation to open-hot environments in Cuban Anolis lizards

KAWATA MASAKADO, Makino Takashi, Maruyama Shinichiro, Terai Yohei

Offer Organization: Japan Society for the Promotion of Science

System: Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research

Category: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)

Institution: Tohoku University

2016/04/01 - 2019/03/31

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Anolis species has evolved from being a shade-adapted, forest species to an open-habitat species independently at least four times in Cuba. In this study, we estimate positively selected genes during the evolution of a shade-adapted, forest species to an open-habitat species (A. sagrei and A. allisoni) by using PALM and McDonald-Kreitman test. We detected three genes tex28とtgfb1、leng8 were positively selected both lineage of A. sagrei and A. allisoni. In addition, we determined the whole genome sequences of A. sagrei and A. allogus (a shade-adapted, forest species) and compared gene duplication rates between species. The results showed that gene duplication rates in A. sagrei was higher than that in A. allogus. In addition, several genes related to thermal adaptation, the number of the copies were higher in A. sagrei than those in A. allogus. These suggest that increasing number of gene copies are related to adaptation to open and hot habitat in Anolis lizard.
Traits changing associated with the evolution of body size

KAWATA MASAKADO, SUGIMOTO Asako, MAKINO Takashi, MARUYAMA Shinichro, YOKOYAMA Jun

Offer Organization: Japan Society for the Promotion of Science

System: Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research

Category: Grant-in-Aid for Challenging Exploratory Research

Institution: Tohoku University

2016/04/01 - 2018/03/31

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We purpose to determine candidate genes responsible for the evolution of larger body size of C. inopinata. C. inopinata became larger during developmental L4 to adult stages comparing with C. elegans. Then, we detected 2699 genes which expression patterns differed between C. inopinata and C. elegans. We also detected 42 genes which have been subject to positive selection during the evolution of C. inopinata from other related species. Among them, daf-2 could be detected and this gene encodes the insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor and variant of def-1 in C. elegance became larger. Thus, the results suggest that daf-2 is as an important genes affecting the evolution of large body size of C. inopinata
Evolutionary mechanisms for individual variation of female choice in the guppy

KAWATA MASAKADO, MAKINO Takashi, KAWAMURA Shoji, KARINO Kenji

Offer Organization: Japan Society for the Promotion of Science

System: Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research

Category: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)

Institution: Tohoku University

2015/04/01 - 2018/03/31

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We examined the effects of genotypes and DNA methylation variations on visual sensitivity and female preference to male body colors, focusing on light environments during growth and carotenoid intakes in the guppy, Poecilia reticulata. The results showed that genetic polymorphism and light environment in habitats can contribute to variation in opsin gene expression levels and subsequent visual sensitivity and female preference for male body color. The genotype and environmental interactions were partly caused by difference in DNA methylation rates of CG sequences along controlling regions of opsin genes. The whole genome bisulfie sequence analysis showed that in the brains and eyes in Guppies fed by high concentration of carotenoid foods, genes for light sensitivity and regulating synaptic membranes were detected genes with higher h DNA methylation rates.
The visual adaptation causes the diversity of species

Terai Yohey, Kawata Masakado, Ota Tastuya, Imai Hiroo

Offer Organization: Japan Society for the Promotion of Science

System: Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research

Category: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)

Institution: The Graduate University for Advanced Studies

2014/04/01 - 2017/03/31

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The goal of this study was to demonstrate the commonality of ecological speciation. This study was divided into three parts: the first part is anolis. We showed the possibility of ecological speciation by measurements of light environments, the reflectance of dewlap, and absorption spectra of the LWS opsin pigments. 2) In notothenia part, we showed the visual adaptation of this fish to the environment of sea. 3) In cichlids part, we demonstrated that visual genes have evolved for adaptation to light environments and breeding coloration formation genes have evolved by sexual selection. These three studies represented the commonality of ecological speciation in vertebrates.
Evolution of gene duplication and adaptive capacity; experimental evolution of Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Kawata Masakado, MAKINO TAKASHI

Offer Organization: Japan Society for the Promotion of Science

System: Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research

Category: Grant-in-Aid for Challenging Exploratory Research

Institution: Tohoku University

2014/04/01 - 2016/03/31

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We conducted evolutionary experiments using Saccharomyces cerevisiae to test a hypothesis that number of duplicated genes increased under unpredictable environmental fluctuations and organisms with larger number of duplicated genes have high adaptive capacity. Th results showed that under randomly fluctuated environmental variable, Saccharomyces cerevisiae evolved to have larger number of newly acquired duplicated genes than those under constant environments during 500 generations of evolutionary experiments. The results also showed that for evolved Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the fitness from 450th to 500th generation increased with the increased number of newly acquired duplicated genes. These results support the hypothesis.
Experimental verification of gene loss patterns in yeast genome after whole genome duplication

Makino Takashi, Moriya Hisao, Kawata Masakado

Offer Organization: Japan Society for the Promotion of Science

System: Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research

Category: Grant-in-Aid for Challenging Exploratory Research

Institution: Tohoku University

2014/04/01 - 2016/03/31

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The purpose of this study is to establish an artificial evolutionary experiment approach for tetraploid yeast, and examine the pattern of gene function losses. We cultured tetraploid yeast for 200 days under exposure to intense ultraviolet irradiation. As a result, we observed many mutations in the genome of tetraploid yeast. In particular, deleterious mutations were enriched in genes on the same chromosome of functional gene clusters.
Adaptation to new climate environments:using Cuban Anoles lizard in a semi-desert habitat

Kawata Masakado, MAKINO TAKASHI, TAMURA KOJI, TAKIMOTO GAKU, NAGATA NOBUAKI

Offer Organization: Japan Society for the Promotion of Science

System: Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research

Category: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)

Institution: Tohoku University

2013/04/01 - 2016/03/31

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In Cuba, the Anolis lizard A. homolechis usually inhabits in forest edges, while we found a population where lizards inhabit in a hot and dry semi-desert habitat. The results of behavioral experiments for temperature tolerance showed that the maximum running speeds decreased from 30℃ to 35℃ conditions in the forest population, but did not decreased in semi-desert population. Using SNPs detected by RAD-seq, STRUCTURE analysis showed that the forest population (Los Cardelos) and semi-desert population showed slightly different genetic structure. Between the two populations, 5 SNPs were detected as loci that subject to divergent selection using LOSITAN. RNA-seq was conducted to detect differentially expressed genes (DGE) between 33℃ and 36℃ conditions for individuals from the forest and semi-desert populations. The results showed that 78 and 36 DGE were detected in the forest and semi-desert populations, respectively.
Genetic basis for invasiveness of alien species

Makino Takashi, Kawata Masakado

Offer Organization: Japan Society for the Promotion of Science

System: Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research

Category: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)

Institution: Tohoku University

2013/04/01 - 2016/03/31

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Species vary their adaptability to novel environments. We investigated a relationship between the proportion of duplicated genes in animal genomes and their ecological features to predict adaptability of species based on genomic sequences. We sequenced a genome of invasive species Procambarus clarkii with high adaptability, and found that P. clarkii had the highest proportion of duplicated genes compared to other fully sequenced invertebrates.
Genetic Bases for the Evolution of Complex Adaptive Traits

HASEBE MITSUYASU, KURATANI SHIGERU, SHIMADA TORU, FUJIWARA HARUHIKO, KAWAGUCHI MASAYOSHI, FUKATSU TAKEMA, NISHIYAMA TOMOAKI, OKADA NORIHIRO, AGATA KIYOKAZU, KAWATA MASAKADO, GO MITIKO, TOYODA ATSUSHI, FUJIYAMA ASAO, MOCHIZUKI ATSUSHI, YAHARA TETSUKAZU

Offer Organization: Japan Society for the Promotion of Science

System: Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research

Category: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research on Innovative Areas (Research in a proposed research area)

Institution: National Institute for Basic Biology

2010/04/01 - 2016/03/31

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This project enhances the collaboration between evolutionary biologists and genome biologists and aims to reveal the genetic networks regulating the complex traits and to infer the mechanisms needed to evolve complex characters. This team organized the following activities. (1) two group meetings per year, 18 times of informatics meetings for five years, and published 63 news letters for five years. (2) Genome sequences of each group were supported with shared Illumina and PacBio sequencers. (3) Workshops on transformation techniques were organized. (4) Domestic and international symposia were organized.
Evolutionary factors affecting species range shift: using butterfly species

KAWATA Masakado, YOKOYAMA Jun, MAKINO Takashi, NAGATA Noboski

Offer Organization: Japan Society for the Promotion of Science

System: Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research

Category: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)

Institution: Tohoku University

2012/04/01 - 2015/03/31

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Ranges of many species tend to move northward owing to recent global warming, but those of some species have not changed or reduced. In this study, we examined genetic population structures of 4 species in which the range boundaries recently moved to northward (north-moving species) and 3 species in which they have not changed (stationary species) over recent decades using genome-wide SNP markers. The results show that clear genetic divergence among local populations could be found in stationary species, but not in north-moving species. This indicated that the stationary species could not move to northward owing to local adaptation to factors other than temperature.
The analysis of copy number variations in the field populations for disease ecology

KAWATA Masakado, MAKINO Takashi

Offer Organization: Japan Society for the Promotion of Science

System: Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research

Category: Grant-in-Aid for Challenging Exploratory Research

Institution: Tohoku University

2012/04/01 - 2014/03/31

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Our previous study indicated that anti peptide, Temporin-1 in Rana ornativentirs shows copy-number variations. In order to determine DNA sequences in the regions including temporin-1, we created fosmid library and chose the clone libraries including temporin-1. Then we tried to determine these DNA sequences using the next generation sequencer (Ion PGM). The results showed that among about 40kbp DNA region, those in 33kbp were non-coding regions. The rest of the sequences contained at least three copies of temporin-1, including temporin-1Oj and temproin-1OC. This suggests that these copies of temporin might be tenderly repeated. At the present study, we could not determine complete sequences of these regions.
Determining adaptive traits and the candidate genes in Cuban Anolis lizards

KAWATA Masakado, MAKINO Takashi, KITANO Jun, TAMURA Koji, TAKIMOTO Gaku

Offer Organization: Japan Society for the Promotion of Science

System: Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research

Category: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)

Institution: Tohoku University

2010 - 2012

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The present results suggest that the species composition and richness in local assemblages could be explained by evolutionary history (the number of speciation events and limits to range expansion) and ecological processes (habitat partitioning). The results of developmental timings for divergence of hindlimb length showed that there are several important developmental stages for differentiation of hindlimb length between twig and trunk-ground species, depending on different elements of hindlimb.
Detecting evolutionary responses of invasion species through determining the whole genome sequences.

KAWATA Masakado

Offer Organization: Japan Society for the Promotion of Science

System: Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research

Category: Grant-in-Aid for Challenging Exploratory Research

Institution: Tohoku University

2010 - 2011

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For examining the evolutionary response of Anolis calorliensis after the invasion of Ogasawara Island more then 40 years ago, we determined the whole sequences of 16 individuals in Tchitijima Island and 8 individuals in Florida using SOLiD sequencer. At the present, we completed the assemble of the fragment sequences and examined the nucleotide diversity of LGb and LGh chromosomes. The results showed that the nucleotide diversity of individuals in Tchitijima Island was much larger than those in Florida.
Mechanisms for maintenance of color vision polymorphism : with relation of male body colors and female choice

KAWATA Masakado, KAWAMURA Shoji

Offer Organization: Japan Society for the Promotion of Science

System: Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research

Category: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)

Institution: Tohoku University

2009 - 2011

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We determined the sequences of four LWS loci, SWS1, RH1 and 8 nuclear reference genes. The results showed that FST values among different populations were significantly larger than those of the reference genes. This indicates that the polymorphism of LWS genes could be maintained bydivergent selection. In addition, we found that differences in the sequences for LWS2 caused difference in gene expression levels of LWS2 genes.
"未来の生態系"天然二酸化炭素噴出地における植物の適応プロセスの解明

彦坂幸毅, 河田雅圭

Offer Organization: 日本学術振興会

System: 科学研究費助成事業

Category: 基盤研究(B)

Institution: 東北大学

2007 - 2009

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丹生CO2噴出地由来のオオバコから自殖種子を得て、実験圃場のオープントップチャンバーを用いて競争実験を行った。この競争実験では、高CO2領域由来の個体と低CO2領域由来の個体を隣接させ、どちらが個体サイズや種子繁殖量を多くすることができるかを解析した。低CO2条件では両者に有意な違いは認められなかったが、高CO2条件では低CO2由来の個体のほうが多く種子を残すという結果が得られた。本研究で用いた条件では高CO2由来の個体が高CO2条件で適応的であるとの証拠は得られなかった。さらに、青森県湯ノ川、山形県朝日鉱泉、富山県林道の高・低CO2領域からオオバコ種子を採取し、実験圃場のオープントップチャンバーにて成長実験を行っている。月に一度刈り取りを行い、個体重・窒素量の測定及び光合成測定を行う予定であるが、実験は継続中であり結果はまだ出ていない。このほか、高CO2環境下での群落のCO2収支の研究を行い、論文を投稿した。これは現在Plant Ecology誌に受理見込みである。さらにCO2噴出地の植物を用いた研究の論文をいくつか投稿中である。
Global and local environmental changes and biological evolution : paleolimnological and molecular biological analyses using resting eggs of Daphnia in sediments

URABE Jotaro, KAWATA Masakado, YOKOYAMA Jun, UEDA Shingo, ODA Hirotaka

Offer Organization: Japan Society for the Promotion of Science

System: Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research

Category: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (A)

Institution: Tohoku University

2007 - 2009

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Historical changes shown by genetic analysis using resting eggs of Daphnia in the sediments indicated that Daphnia species in Hataya-Onuma pond, Yamagata Prefecture has produced the hybrids within Daphnia galeata-dentifera species complex since the 1950s. Despite drastic environmental changes thorough the last several decades, they have kept its population. In the 1980s, other species of Daphnia pulex established its population in the pond probably due to the reduced predation pressure from planktivore fish by introduced black bass. As a result, multiple Daphnia species could have coexisted in this pond since then. Meanwhile, the analysis of plankton remains in Lake Hourai-Numa, Iwate prefecture, showed that a new species of Daphnia population increased after the 1990s when the abundance of phytoplankton drastically increased in parallel with the abrupt increase of TN and TP concentrations. The results suggest that the phyto- and zooplankton communities have been changed due to effects of nutrient loading since the 1980s. Since we did not detect direct anthropogenic effects in the watersheds, recent increase in nutrient loadings to this lake are most likely brought by air deposition.
Polymorphisms of genes for visual pigments in guppies : with relation to variation of female choice

KAWATA Masakado, KAWAMURA Shoji, YOKOYAMA Jun, KAWAMURA Shoji, YOKOYAMA Jun

Offer Organization: Japan Society for the Promotion of Science

System: Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research

Category: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)

Institution: Tohoku University

2006 - 2008
The effects of dispersal on the evolution of resource use and species diversity : a test using theoretical predictions and island communities.

KAWATA Masakado, CHIBA Satoshi, YOKOYAMA Jun

Offer Organization: Japan Society for the Promotion of Science

System: Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research

Category: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)

Institution: Tohoku University

2003 - 2005

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To test the hypothesis that niche partitioning can actually affect species diversity, we need to show that the resources are spatially heterogeneous, species use different resources and the resource distribution patter determines the species abundance pattern. However, there is no study showing these three conditions. In this study, we test the hypothesis by examining species diversity and island butterfly communities and their food plants diversity. Species diversity of butterfly comminutes was investigated for 5 islands and 2 mainlands in 2004 and 2005. The biomasses of the food plans were estimated by field research and using an aerial photograph on GIS. 27 to 36 species were found in each island, and 66 food plant species were identified. To measure the dissimilarity in species diversity and food plant distributions between communities, we used Odum's percentage difference as dissimilarity index. For the effects of food plant diversity and distance between communities on species diversity, the extension method to Manthel test was used. The results showed that butterfly species diversity was significantly related to plant species diversity (i.e., resource diversity), but was not related to geographic distances between communities. Hubble' neutral theories suggested that species diversity is determined random ecological drift and dispersal between communities. Thus, the theories can predict that dissimilarity of species diversity pattern between the communities should be related spatial distance between them. Previous studies have shown that in some communities, species used different resources. However, our studies first showed that resource abundant distribution significantly determine species diversity pattern.
Evolution in frontier environments

CHIBA Satoshi, KASE Tomoki, KAWATA Masakado, YAMASAKI Kazuhito

Offer Organization: Japan Society for the Promotion of Science

System: Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research

Category: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)

Institution: Tohoku University

2003 - 2005

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Ecological and genetic process of adaptive radiation were examined using endemic land snail genus Mandarina of the oceanic Ogasawara Islands in the northwestern Pacific. Based on the habitat analysis, morphological analysis, and examination of the mitochondrial DNA sequence variations, we showed that hybridization between sympatric species occurred by alteration of habitat use due to environmental change. This suggests that speciation and adaptive radiation are still in progress in Mandarina. In addition, populations with unique shell morphologies were found in a hybrid zone constituted between morphologically closely related species. This suggests that hybridization is an important source of creating novel morphology and evolutionary novelty. Phylogenetic relationship among the species of the land snails Euhadra in the mainland of Japan was estimated on the basis of mitochondrial DNA sequences. Repeated expansion and immigration have occurred in Euhadra, associated with climatic change during the Pleistocene. Complex spatial structure in genetic variations was created by mixing and isolation that were accompanied with the climatic change. Relationship between intertidal gastropoda Batillaria cumingii and its parasites was examined on the basis of ecological, morphological and genetic (mitochondrial DNA and nuclear ITS gene) analysis. Genetic analysis revealed that these parasites include a large number of cryptic species. These species showed less geographical variations in genetic variations. On the other hands, Batillaria showed a high level of geographical variations in genetic components. Ecological speciation due to habitat shift would be a main cause of diversification of parasites in intertidal gastropoda.
Field research of luminous beetles in China Yunnan

OHMIYA Yoshihiro, FUJIMORI Kazuhiro, OHBA Nobuyoshi, KAWATA Masakado

Offer Organization: Japan Society for the Promotion of Science

System: Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research

Category: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)

Institution: National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology

2002 - 2005

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The light of firefly fascinates both a heart of people and an interest of scientists. The luminescence beetles are a valuable research object for evolution and diversity of livings because these organisms are consisted by many species where lives in worldwide. The Coleoptera order is the richest group among Metazoa, but its phylogenetics remains incompletely understood. In this research, we proposed that the China Yunnan region was paid to attention as one candidate in firefly's root. We tried to do the field investigation of Chinese Yunnan between 2002 and 2005. In detailed of field era is as follows; 1) the surrounding of China Yunnan Kunming in September 2002, 2) the Yunnan Southwestern near Laotian in Jun 2004, 3) the Yunnan Shesarpanna near Myanmar in June 2004. Addition, we researched the luminous beetles on a surrounding of Brazil Sao Paulo in January 2004 in order to compare the luminous beetles in East Asia. In these area, we observed the environment condition and collected several species, and after came back to Japan, analyzed their characteristics about morphology, genetics and etc of them. As a result, we found and collected the valuable samples. For example, we collected the half aquatic fireflies that seemed that the related species of Japanese fireflies (Genji-botaru and Haike-botaru). These species could be a key sample to explore the biogeography from the non-aquatic, via half aquatic to aquatic fireflies in their diversity. We also found the luminous beetle Rhagophthalmus lufengensis (Arthropoda, Insecta, Coleoptera) which is similar species of Iriomote-botaru R. ohbai. Then, we determined the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) sequences of two luminous beetles R. lufengensis and R. ohbai from Yaeyama Island, Japan. In a study of the evolutionary relationship among R. lufengensis, R. ohbai and the firefly Pyrocoelia rufa, the phylogenetic tree inferred from IrRNA genes from mitochondrial genomes indicates a biogeographic relationship among the bioluminescent insects in East Asia and the phylogenetic tree inferred from luciferase-related genes from nuclear genomes shows an appropriate relationship among coleopterans, reflecting the evolutionary origin of bioluminescence. Thus, the mtDNAs of luminescent beetles can provide an insight into their evolutionary origin and biogeography. Namely, In this research, we can open the key of door on evolutionally and biogeographically study of luminous beetles.
空間行動と共存群集の進化:C.elegansをつかった実験進化生態学の開拓

河田雅圭, 横山潤

Offer Organization: 日本学術振興会

System: 科学研究費助成事業

Category: 萌芽研究

Institution: 東北大学

2002 - 2003

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本年度の研究で以下の成果を得た (1)大腸菌のパッチによる空間構造の変化、卵植え継ぎによる経代実験の確率、GFPによる遺伝型の計測など、C.elegansによる進化実験系を確立した。 (2)17のストレインについて、増殖率、分散率などを調べた。また、密度依存増殖、密度依存分散についても基礎データを得た。多くのストレインではパッチから別のパッチに移動する分散率は低く、0.2以下であるが、いくつかのストレインで高い分散率を示すものがあった。これは主に、餌感知などに関わる突然変異個体であった。また、GFPを導入した野生型ストレインで密度依存分散の行動に異常がみられ、GFPの挿入された部位がこの行動に関係しているものと予測された (3)空間構造のある条件とない条件で、密度依存分散をする低分散型と密度依存分散をしない高分散型ストレインを競争させたところ、通常、空間構造がある条件では高分散が選択されるが、密度依存分散をする低分散型ストレインが10世代後に増加し、密度依存分散が空間構造のある条件で重要なことが示された (4)空間構造のある条件とない条件で、低分散型・低増殖率と高分散型・高増殖率のストレインを競争させた。通常、パッチが飽和環境にある場合は、空間構造がなし条件で低分散型ストレインが増加することが予測されたが、実験では、空間構造があるなしにかかわらず、高分散型・高増殖率が増加した。線虫では、分散率と増殖率の間でトレード・オフはみられず、パッチに侵入してからの増殖率が競争において重要であることが示された。
Development and operation of individual-based database system for biodiversity

KAWATA Masakado, KASUYA Eiichi, HAYASE Toshiyuki, YOKOYAMA Jun, HIRAYAMA Yoshiharu, MINAKA Nobuhiro

Offer Organization: Japan Society for the Promotion of Science

System: Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research

Category: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)

Institution: Tohoku University

2001 - 2003

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We constructed new database system for biodiversity This system is based on our proposed philosophy that the unit for registration should be individuals. The unit of registration in the system is an individual organism, called an object. To register an object, and information on its traits, and to give the object a unique numerical code for later identification, a server computer is used. At registration, the object is unclassified, meaning that no subjective decision is made as to species or taxa, and no natural classification scheme is assumed. Using search keys, a search function allows registered objects to be retrieved based on morphological, phylogenetic, ecological and genetic traits, as well as on scientific, taxonomic, and common names. In general, the system includes not only machinery necessary for describing biodiversity, but also for extracting information pertaining to it. For testing the database we registered individual data for bamle bees.
Habitat Structure and Evolution of density-dependence ; with regard to evolutionary significance of Population fluctuation

KAWATA Masakado, SHIMADA Masakazu, YOKOYAMA Jun, CHIBA Satoshi

Offer Organization: Japan Society for the Promotion of Science

System: Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research

Category: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)

Institution: Tohoku University

2000 - 2002

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We examined the growth and reproductive rates of freshwater snails, Physa acuta, in two habitat types. In the Asabata habitat, snails lived in isolated water pools, which occasionally joined to form a single large pool ; in the Kakegawa habitat, they lived in a slow-running water way. Genetic structure assessments using three microsatellite loci supports the idea that a stable panmictic population occupies the Kakegawa habitat ; whereas alternate mixing populations, with individuals interacting and reproducing within patches, but occasionally mixing within a large global population, occupy the Asabata habitat. Laboratory experiments, using snails collected from the two habitats, showed that juvenile snails grew faster, laid more eggs, and laid them earlier in the Asabata habitat than in the Kakegawa habitat. Growth rates were lower at high density than at low density in the Kakegawa habitat ; the inverse was true in the Asabata habitat. Density-dependent response of individual snail reproduction was the same for the two habitats. The results support the hypothesis that spatial structure affects the evolution of density-dependent growth rates and of timing for reproduction.
COLONISATION OF THE LAND: A CASE STUDY IN GASTROPODA

CHIBA Satoshi, KAWATA Masakado, KASE Tomoki

Offer Organization: Japan Society for the Promotion of Science

System: Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research

Category: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)

Institution: TOHOKU UNIVERSITY

2000 - 2002

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1. Vertical zonation in the intertidal snail Batillaria cumingi, was studied to examine ecological cause of colonization of land in marine gastropoda. The snails found in the highest part of the muddy shore possessed a larger shell with a longer spire than the snails from the lower tidal sites. Based on observations in the laboratory, the former prefers to stay above water to a greater extent than the latter, which corresponds to the difference in their intertidal heights. Among snails transplanted from the upper and lower tidal sites to the position boundary, most moved back to their original sites. Although further genetic analyses are needed, the above results suggest that the preferences for height and air-exposed/submerged condition on a tidal area are diversified within the populations of B. cumingi. This raises the possibility that the vertical zonation in the distribution of Batillaria species has arisen by diversification of habitat preference within populations. 2. To estimate patterns of adaptive radiation in Neritopsine gastropoda, mplecular phylogenetic analysis using 28SrRNA sequences was conducted. This group was diversified into marine, flesh water and terrestrial habitat. The inferred phylogenetic relationsip suggests that colonization from marine to ground occur independently at least two times in different lineages and at different times. The ancestral lineages of the terrestrial group are living in marine cave at present. In addition, the colonization from marine to ground occurred through under ground water. 3. The rates of molecular evolution were compared by examining nuclear 28SrRNA and mtchondrial DNA sequences in marine and land gastropoda. High evolutionary rates were observed in both 28SrRNA and mtDNA sequences, and thus, colonization of the land follow acceleration in molecular evolution.
Mechanisms of speciation

YOSHIMURA Jin, CHIBA Satoshi, KAWATA Masakado, HASEGAWA Takaihro

Offer Organization: Japan Society for the Promotion of Science

System: Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research

Category: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)

Institution: Shizuoka University

1999 - 2002

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The purpose of this study is to investigate the conditions that allows speciation that is the only source of species diversity of organisms. This study to scrutinize the speciation mechanisms is carried out by the theoretical studies and the empirical studies using fossil records and molecular phylogeny. Specifically, we build a basic individual-based model of sexual selection and studied the possibility and conditions of speciation. We examined how the likelihood of speciation depends on the distributions of a male sexual character and the associated female preference characters. We found that the frequency of speciation events increases with the overall variations in the male and female traits that depend on the duration of isolation of two conspecific populations. This indicates that the speciation events are not limited by ecological niche widths, rather it is unlimited due to the variation in mating preferences. This result suggests, that extraordinal species diversity seen in some communities, such as tropical forests and cichlid fishes in African lakes could be possible due to speciation by sexual selection. We carried out many extensions and related studies of biodiversity and mating behavior from the main project : (1) large-scale model of multiple speciations in relation to geographical spatial distributions and long-term environmental fluctuations (e.g., glacial periods), (2) the lattice model of stability and coexistence of many species (grassland community model) to evaluate the stability and coexistence of newly speciated species, (3) an individual-based mating behavior model of hilltopping behavior in insects and simulations, and (4) the quantitative analyses of stability and seasonality of animal sex ratios.
種分化による多様性創出のメカニズムの解明

河田雅圭, 横山潤, 牧雅之, 千葉聡, 久保田耕平, 曽田貞滋

Offer Organization: 日本学術振興会

System: 科学研究費助成事業

Category: 基盤研究(C)

Institution: 東北大学

2000 - 2000

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生殖隔離がどのようなメカニズムで進化したかという問題の解明は、地球上での多様性創出の原因を考える上でも重要なテーマの一つである。この問題を「種分化のメカニズムの解明」と「種分化と生物の多様性の関係」から探る研究を押し進めるために、2回の会合を東北大学(仙台)で開催した(11月と2月)。会合では、植物、動物、微生物の対象生物について、理論的研究、分子生物学的研究、生態学的研究、生物地理学的研究、古生物学的研究について討論が行われた。討論の結果、種分化メカニズムの解明のための研究には、(1)交配や資源利用にかかわる遺伝メカニズムを分子レベルで解明する必要性であること、(2)自然界での多様性のプロセスを解明するためには、グローバルな視点からの多様性のパターンの解析が必要であり、そのためには個体をベースとたデータベースが必要であるということ、(3)どのように生態的な要因が種分化の促進に関わっているかを実証研究すること、(4)実際の生物に応用できる理論的研究の発展がのぞましいこと、などが確認された。また、今後の新たな研究計画に利用できるように、種分化研究の文献データベースの作成や一部計測データのデータベースの作成を行った。今回の成果は、日本生態学会でのシンポジウム「生物多様性の進化機構の解明」などで公開されるほか、雑誌での特集記事として企画している。また、継続的に論議し、今後、大きなプロジェクト研究として計画予定である。
The effects of habitat spatial structure on the accumulations of deleterious mutations : using freshwater snails

KAWATA Masakado, TACHIDA Hidenori

Offer Organization: Japan Society for the Promotion of Science

System: Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research

Category: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)

Institution: TOHOKU UNIVERSITY

1998 - 1999

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We examined the effects of habitat spatial structure on the accumulations of deleterious mutations using field freshwater snails (Physa acta). The snails were collected from two different habitat : (1) (Large stable population) Rice fields in which the water levels might be stable and the snails might interbreed within large populations ; (2) (Alternate mixing populations) Small isolated temporally water pools which sometimes become large ponds in a heavy rain. Snails might inbreed at high densities in small isolated water pools in alternate mixing population ; while snails might inbreed at low densities in the large stable population. Thus, it can be predicted that inbreeding depression of snails from the alternate mixing populations might be low at high densities. The results showed that the inbreeding depression estimated from the number of eggs and the fitness (number of eggs x survival rates) was lower in the snails form the alternate mixing populations than those from the large stable populations at high densities but there was no significant differences in inbreeding depression between snails from two populations at low densities. The results were consistent with the above predictions. Furthermore, the individual -based simulations were conducted to examine the effects of the genetic neighborhood size and the shape of habitat on the accumulations of deleterious mutation and the risk of extinction. The results indicated that the total population size and the genetic neighborhood size affect linearly the numbers of accumulated homozygotic deleterious loci independently. In addition, the shape of habitat significantly affect the accumulation of deleterious mutations and the extinction probability.
Effects of local interactrions on the dynamics and diversity of populations

KAWATA Masakado, HARA Toshihiko

Offer Organization: Japan Society for the Promotion of Science

System: Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research

Category: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)

1996 - 1997

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The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of grazer-periphyton interactions on the spatial structure of periphyton. Three experimental tanks with no snail, 5 snails, and 10 snails were used. The dynamics of spatial distribution of periphyton was estimated by image processing analysis. Then, the results were analyzed using semivariogram. In addition, individual-based models were conducted to examine the factors affecting the change in spatial distribution of pheriphyton. The results of the experiments show that the growth of periphyton biomass in a focal area was negatively affected by the biomass in the area, but positively affected by the biomass in the neighboring areas. For the case of no grazing, little or no spatial patches were formed. With increase of snail grazing, the more conspicuous patches were formed. The results of individual-based simulation suggested that when the effects of the periphyton biomass in neighboring areas on the periphyton biomass were positive, the patches could be formed. The intermediate degree of grazing pressure form more clear patches. In addition, when snails grazed periphyton in area where the snails once grazed, the size of patches tended to become larger. This suggests that snails in the experiments tended to graze the same area. The present study indicats that the interactions between snails and periphyton and among neighboring periphyton would cause the structured spatial distribution of periphyton.
Experimental and Theoretical Research on the Ecologically Stable Species Set

FUJII Koichi, TOQUENAGA Yukihiko, KAWATA Masakado

Offer Organization: Japan Society for the Promotion of Science

System: Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research

Category: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)

Institution: The University of Tsukuba

1995 - 1997

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Since late 80s. the techniques such as Individual Based Model (IBM) and Artificial Life (A-Life) has been used as new techniques for better understanding the life process. These approaches differ from traditional differential equation models in the sense that these techniques try to construct the model system from bottom-up. These techniques seem to be more appropriate to describe and analyze the actual biological communities. In this study, we aimed to constract IBM and A-Life model based on our previous experimental studies on bean-bean weevil-parasitic wasp system, and to investigate the relationship between species abundance and system stability by bottom-up approach. Also, we aimed to compare the emergent model dynamics with dynamics of our experimental systems. During the past three years, we constructed experimental communities of theee trophic levels composed of bean, bean weevils, and parasitic wasps (multi species for each level), and followed their dynamics. On tho other hand, we constructed simulation models based on the A-Life approach, starting from relatively simple ones to increasingly complex ones, and investigated their dynamics. Our particular aim was to identify the possibility of the existence of "Ecologicaily Stable Species Set" (ESSS) after the long process of evolution in the systems experiencing thc intra-and interspecific competition for resource and also tho prey-predator interactions. We compared these results with those from A-Life systems in which we also found several such ESSS's. Finally we diseussed the importance of the concept of ESSS and the evolution of biotic communiites.
人間行動と進化

長谷川寿一, 河田雅圭, 長谷川真理子, 安藤清志, 中村真, 山岸俊男

Offer Organization: 日本学術振興会

System: 科学研究費助成事業

Category: 基盤研究(C)

Institution: 東京大学

1996 - 1996

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本研究は、人間行動の進化に関心をもつ進化生物学者と、進化理論が人間理解にどのように貢献するかに関心をもつ人文社会学者が、同じテーブルについて双方の主張に耳を傾け、広く人間研究全般と進化学的分析の関連について学際的な議論を交わす目的で企画された。全体会議「人間性の進化的理解」は、1996年11月30日と12月1日の2日間にわたって東京で開催され、研究代表者分担者14名、招待講演者3名、その他オブザーバーを含めて約35名が参加した。発表内容としては、人文社会系研究者から、歴史学研究(古代ローマの嬰児遺棄と奴隷制)、文学研究(英詩における制約条件の解析)、倫理学研究(倫理と進化的基盤)、経済学研究(経済学における進化的アプローチの可能性)、社会心理学研究(信頼、公正感の進化的背景と文化的変容)、発達心理学研究(人における育児戦略)が、また進化生物学者から、性淘汰の理論、社会生物学の社会的受容過程が、それぞれ問題提起され、指定討論者を中心に議論が交わされた。初日の討議は深夜にまで及び、また翌日は早朝から議論が再開されるなど、専門領域の壁を感じさせないきわめて活発な意見交換が続いた。この会議からだけでも、人間研究を学際統合的に理解する上で、進化的アプローチが非常に重要なものであることが再認識された。また、本研究を主体としたワークショップや講演が、日本心理学会(立教大)や動物心理学会(東大)で行われた。本研究の成果の一部は、「科学」の1997年4月号の特集「人間の心の進化」に掲載予定である。
集団の進化を創出するマクロレベルとミクロレベルの相互作用の検出

河田雅圭

Offer Organization: 日本学術振興会

System: 科学研究費助成事業

Category: 重点領域研究

Institution: 静岡大学

1996 - 1996

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進化のプロセスにおける集団選択の重要性はこれまで多く論争されてきた。多くの集団選択のモデルは集団の間の移動や分散が小さいほど集団選択が効果的であると結論している。しかし、個体の分散距離や移住は同時に多くの要因(集団間の遺伝的変異、絶滅率、集団生成率、局所的密度制御など)に影響する。これらの要因は同時異なる影響を集団選択の有効性に与える。数理モデルでは、これらの要因を独立のパラメタとして用い、しばしば、はじめにこれらの異なるパラメタの関係を仮定していた。しかし、これらは多くの要因の間の相互作用から生じる現象である。そこで、本研究では、個体の繁殖と分散のみを仮定した人工生命シミュレーションを行った。その人工生命モデルでは、絶滅、個体群サイズ。集団間の遺伝的変異、集団の生成等の集団の減少は個体の繁殖と分散の結果として現れる。利他行動に影響する遺伝子座をもつ人工生命個体を、13のパッチ上の環境でシミュレートした。個体の繁殖は、まわりの利他行動をする個体の数とまわりの個体数によって決定される。子どもは親から標準偏差σ_d、平均0の正規乱数で決定した。結果は、利他行動をする遺伝子が広がる確率は、分散距離がσ_d=50までのとき次第に増加し、その後分散距離が増加するにしたがって、減少した。このことは、利他行動遺伝が広がる確率は分散距離がある程度低い時に最大になるが、それ以下の低いときには減少することがわかった。この結果は、利他行動遺伝子の頻度の低い集団での高い絶滅率と利他個体の高い移住率という集団選択の2つの要因、から説明できるかもしれない。集団の絶滅と生成という要因による集団選択だけでは利他行動遺伝子の進化は説明できないかもしれない。しかし、この研究は、ある程度の分散による効果が、集団選択による利他行動遺伝子の進化が可能であることを示した。
個体の行動と進化を創り出すマクロレベルとミクロレベルの相互作用の検出

河田雅圭

Offer Organization: 日本学術振興会

System: 科学研究費助成事業

Category: 重点領域研究

Institution: 静岡大学

1995 - 1995

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本年度の研究では、個体の相互作用と分散のパターンによって空間構造がどう変化し、それによりどのような進化(遺伝子頻度の変化)が生じるかを解析し、これまでの進化理論(たとえば連続集団上での遺伝子頻度の変化モデル、集団選択モデル、血縁選択モデル)の予測と対比した。これまでの理論では個体の相互作用と移動分散(局所的相互作用)とグローバルな特性(空間構造、絶滅や再移住)を独立のパラメータとおいていた。しかし、現実には、局所的相互作用とグローバル特性の間には創発的な関係がある。そこで、個体の相互作用と繁殖、移動分散のルールを仮定し、空間構造などのグローバル特性は個体の繁殖と移動の結果であるという人工生命モデルを作成し、今回は特に集団選択のモデルについて検討した。これまでのモデルでは、創発的なレベル間の関係を仮定していなかったため、個体の分散距離が小さくなると遺伝子頻度の局所的な違いが増大し、集団選択の効果が大きくなると考えられていた。しかし、個体の分散の現象にともなって、局所的な密度の増加と再移住率の低下による遺伝子流入の低下が同時おこることになり、個体の分散距離が少なすぎても集団選択の効果が減少することが判明した。このことは、個体の移動や分散と局所的な相互作用が重要と考えられるプロセスでは、これまでの単純な集団遺伝モデルは適用できず、個体レベルと集団レベルとの複雑な創発的関係を考慮した人工生命シミュレーションが重要であると示唆された。今後は、本年度の研究をさらにすすめると同時に、扱う集団を群集レベルまでに拡張して行う予定である。さらに、プログラムを実行中にさまざまなデータを記録するという方法でレベル間のフィードバックの詳しいメカニズムを明らかにする予定である。
個体間の相互作用と個体の空間分布の相互影響

河田雅圭

Offer Organization: 日本学術振興会

System: 科学研究費助成事業

Category: 奨励研究(A)

Institution: 静岡大学

1994 - 1994

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本研究は、2つの効果(資源の空間分布が個体の相互作用にあたえる影響と個体の相互作用が資源の空間分布にあたえる影響)の相互影響を調べることが目的である。本年度は特に、資源の空間分布が個体の行動と相互佐用に及ぼす影響を調べるために実験を行った。実験は、寒天で培養した藻類を異なる空間分布で配置し(ランダム、集中、一様)、サカマキガイの行動をビデオで5日間記録した。最適採餌理論によると、個体の餌場所の滞在時間は、集中分布のとき最も長く餌に滞在し、一様分布のときもっとも短いと予測される。しかし、実際には、ランダム分布のときにもっとも長い滞在時間を示した。しかし、より小さなスケールでみると、餌場が近くに位置するときは頻繁に餌場間も移動していることが観察された。このことは、サカマキガイは、近隣の餌の分布は認識して採餌しているが、大きなスケールでの餌の分布を認識していないことを示している。Y字間による実験(一方に藻類をおき、貝がどちらに接近するかを調べる実験)によっても、サカマキガイは、約2.5cm以内に餌場しか認識出来ないことが示された。複数個体をつかった相互作用の実験では、他個体が餌場に存在すると、餌場にアプローチしないことが多く、合計の餌場滞在時間は個体の間で大きな差がみられるようになった。直接的な個体間の接触は少ないことから、粘液やその他の物質を介して、お互いにさけあってるのかもしれない。以上のような実験から、貝の採餌行動は、餌の空間分布に影響をうけるが、その空間分布のスケールによって影響がことなること、さらに他個体の採餌行動の影響を強く受けることがわかった。
資源の空間的分布と個体間の相互作用

河田雅圭

Offer Organization: 日本学術振興会

System: 科学研究費助成事業

Category: 奨励研究(A)

Institution: 静岡大学

1993 - 1993

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1)画像解析による藻類量の定量画像解析による藻類がどの程度行えるかをしらべるために、実験的にプラスチック板に付着させた藻類を画像解析と乾燥重量によって測定した。その結果、有意な回帰が存在し、画像解析により、藻類量が定量かできることが判明した。 2)藻類量と2種巻貝の相互作用実験的に、2種の淡水性巻貝(サカマキガイとハブタイモノアラガイ)を互いに水を通じて間接的に相互作用できるように設定した実験容器を野外の池に入れ1カ月間、藻類量の変化と貝の成長、繁殖を調べた。その結果(1)サカマキガイはハブタイモノアラガイの間接的な影響で、成長が促進されが、ハブタイモノアラガイはサカマキガイの影響を受けなかった。(2)サカマキガイの個体数は藻類量と有意な相関があった。(3)藻類量は、サカマキガイの個体数とハブタイモノアラガイの個体数さらに、ハブタイモノアラガイがサカマキガイに及ぼす間接的効果によって影響されることが明らかになった。今後、この実験をふまえて、よりミクロな空間的な藻類の分布と淡水性巻貝同士の相互作用との関係について調べていく予定である。

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