顔写真

オシタニ ヒトシ
押谷 仁
Hitoshi Oshitani
所属
大学院医学系研究科 医科学専攻 病理病態学講座(微生物学分野)
職名
教授
学位
  • Master of Public Health

  • 博士(医学)(東北大学)

経歴 8

  • 2005年 ~ 継続中
    東北大学医学系研究科 教授 教授

  • 2004年 ~ 2005年
    WHO西太平洋事務局 感染症地域アドバイザー 感染症地域アドバイザー

  • 1998年 ~ 1999年
    新潟大学医学部 助教、講師 助教、講師

  • 1995年 ~ 1997年
    東北大学加齢医学研究所付属病院 医員 医員

  • 1991年1月 ~ 1995年4月
    国立仙台病院 研究員 研究員

  • 1991年 ~ 1994年
    国際協力事業団感染症対策プロジェクト長期専門家 専門家 専門家

  • 1989年4月 ~ 1990年12月
    国立仙台病院 レジデント レジデント

  • 1987年5月 ~ 1989年3月
    国立仙台病院 研修医 研修医

︎全件表示 ︎最初の5件までを表示

学歴 2

  • テキサス大学 公衆衛生大学院 公衆衛生修士

    1995年 ~ 1997年

  • 東北大学 医学部

    1980年 ~ 1987年

委員歴 18

  • 内閣官房 委員新型インフルエンザ等対策有識者会議

    2018年8月 ~ 継続中

  • 宮城県 新型インフルエンザ対策アドバイザーチーム

    2018年 ~ 継続中

  • 内閣官房 新型インフルエンザ等対策有識者会議

    2018年 ~ 継続中

  • 東京都 新型インフルエンザ等対策有識者会議 委員長

    2018年 ~ 継続中

  • 宮城県 感染症対策員会

    2017年7月 ~ 継続中

  • 日本医療研究開発機構 課題評価委員

    2017年6月 ~ 継続中

  • 厚生科学審議会 専門委員

    2017年4月 ~ 継続中

  • 日本熱帯医学会 理事

    2017年4月 ~ 継続中

  • 日本医療研究開発機構 課題評価委員

    2017年 ~ 継続中

  • 厚生労働省 厚生科学審議会

    2017年 ~ 継続中

  • 宮城県 感染症対策員会

    2017年 ~ 継続中

  • 国際緊急援助隊 感染症対策チーム支援委員会

    2015年 ~ 継続中

  • 日本熱帯医学会 評議員

    2010年9月 ~ 継続中

  • 日本ウイルス学会 評議員

    2010年4月 ~ 継続中

  • 日本熱帯医学会 理事

    ~ 継続中

  • 国際緊急援助隊 感染症対策チーム支援委員会

    ~ 継続中

  • 日本ウイルス学会 編集委員

    2008年 ~ 2011年

  • 日本熱帯医学会 編集委員

    2006年 ~ 2011年

︎全件表示 ︎最初の5件までを表示

所属学協会 5

  • 日本感染症学会

  • 日本ウイルス学会

  • 日本細菌学会・東北支部

  • 日本熱帯医学会

  • 日本公衆衛生学会

研究キーワード 4

  • ウイルス感染症の病態

  • ウイルスの分子疫学

  • 感染症対策

  • ウイルス感染症の疫学

研究分野 2

  • ライフサイエンス / 医療管理学、医療系社会学 / 感染症疫学

  • ライフサイエンス / ウイルス学 /

論文 249

  1. Patient Admission and Mechanical Ventilator Allocation Decision-Making Processes by Frontline Medical Professionals in a Japanese ICU During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Qualitative Study

    Sakura Ishizaki, Kazuaki Jindai, Hiroki Saito, Hitoshi Oshitani, Tess Kulstad Gonzalez

    Qualitative Health Research 2023年10月17日

    出版者・発行元:SAGE Publications

    DOI: 10.1177/10497323231201026  

    ISSN:1049-7323

    eISSN:1552-7557

    詳細を見る 詳細を閉じる

    During the COVID-19 pandemic, the need to triage COVID-19 patients in ICUs emerged globally. Triage guidelines were established in many countries; however, the actual triage decision-making processes and decisions themselves made by frontline medical providers may not have exactly reflected those guidelines. Despite the need to understand decisions and processes in practice regarding patient ICU admission and mechanical ventilator usage to identify areas of improvement for medical care provision, such research is limited. This qualitative study was conducted to identify the decision-making processes regarding COVID-19 patient ICU admissions and mechanical ventilator allocation by frontline medical providers and issues associated with those processes in an ICU during the COVID-19 pandemic. Semi-structured, in-depth interviews were conducted with ICU physicians and nurses working at an urban tertiary referral hospital in Japan between February and April 2022. Patient characteristics that influenced triage decisions made by physicians and the interaction between physicians, nurses, and senior management staff upon making such decisions are discussed in this article. An implicated issue was the lack of legal support for Japanese physicians to practice withdrawal of life-sustaining treatments even during emergencies. Another issue was the impact of non-clinical forces—likely specific to health emergencies—on physicians’ decisions regarding mechanical ventilator allocation, where such forces imposed a significant mental burden on the medical providers. We consider public policy and legal implications for future pandemics.

  2. Time-varying overdispersion of SARS-CoV-2 transmission during the periods when different variants of concern were circulating in Japan. 国際誌

    Yura K Ko, Yuki Furuse, Kanako Otani, Masato Yamauchi, Kota Ninomiya, Mayuko Saito, Takeaki Imamura, Alex R Cook, Tadayuki Ahiko, Shunji Fujii, Yoshiharu Mori, Emiko Suzuki, Keiko Yamada, Yoshikazu Ashino, Hidetoshi Yamashita, Yuichi Kato, Katsumi Mizuta, Motoi Suzuki, Hitoshi Oshitani

    Scientific reports 13 (1) 13230-13230 2023年8月14日

    DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-38007-x  

    詳細を見る 詳細を閉じる

    Japan has implemented a cluster-based approach for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) from the pandemic's beginning based on the transmission heterogeneity (overdispersion) of severe acute respiratory coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). However, studies analyzing overdispersion of transmission among new variants of concerns (VOCs), especially for Omicron, were limited. Thus, we aimed to clarify how the transmission heterogeneity has changed with the emergence of VOCs (Alpha, Delta, and Omicron) using detailed contact tracing data in Yamagata Prefecture, Japan. We estimated the time-varying dispersion parameter ([Formula: see text]) by fitting a negative binomial distribution for each transmission generation. Our results showed that even after the emergence of VOCs, there was transmission heterogeneity of SARS-CoV-2, with changes in [Formula: see text] during each wave. Continuous monitoring of transmission dynamics is vital for implementing appropriate measures. However, a feasible and sustainable epidemiological analysis system should be established to make this possible.

  3. Lack of zoonotic coronavirus species detected among children hospitalized with pneumonia in the Philippines. 国際誌

    Yusuke Sayama, Michiko Okamoto, Mayuko Saito, Raita Tamaki, Mariko Saito-Obata, Reynaldo Frederick Negosa Quicho, Christina Dahlia Joboco, Socorro Lupisan, Hitoshi Oshitani

    Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America 2023年7月20日

    DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciad430  

  4. Rapid Detection of SARS-CoV-2 RNA Using Reverse Transcription Recombinase Polymerase Amplification (RT-RPA) with Lateral Flow for N-Protein Gene and Variant-Specific Deletion-Insertion Mutation in S-Protein Gene. 国際誌

    Jose L Malaga, Monica J Pajuelo, Michiko Okamoto, Emmanuel Kagning Tsinda, Kanako Otani, Pablo Tsukayama, Lucero Mascaro, Diego Cuicapuza, Masamichi Katsumi, Kazuhisa Kawamura, Hidekazu Nishimura, Akie Sakagami, Yo Ueki, Suguru Omiya, Satoshi Okamoto, Asami Nakayama, Shin-Ichi Fujimaki, Chuyao Yu, Sikandar Azam, Eiichi Kodama, Clyde Dapat, Hitoshi Oshitani, Mayuko Saito

    Viruses 15 (6) 2023年5月26日

    DOI: 10.3390/v15061254  

    詳細を見る 詳細を閉じる

    Rapid molecular testing for severe acute respiratory coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants may contribute to the development of public health measures, particularly in resource-limited areas. Reverse transcription recombinase polymerase amplification using a lateral flow assay (RT-RPA-LF) allows rapid RNA detection without thermal cyclers. In this study, we developed two assays to detect SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid (N) gene and Omicron BA.1 spike (S) gene-specific deletion-insertion mutations (del211/ins214). Both tests had a detection limit of 10 copies/µL in vitro and the detection time was approximately 35 min from incubation to detection. The sensitivities of SARS-CoV-2 (N) RT-RPA-LF by viral load categories were 100% for clinical samples with high (>9015.7 copies/µL, cycle quantification (Cq): < 25) and moderate (385.5-9015.7 copies/µL, Cq: 25-29.9) viral load, 83.3% for low (16.5-385.5 copies/µL, Cq: 30-34.9), and 14.3% for very low (<16.5 copies/µL, Cq: 35-40). The sensitivities of the Omicron BA.1 (S) RT-RPA-LF were 94.9%, 78%, 23.8%, and 0%, respectively, and the specificity against non-BA.1 SARS-CoV-2-positive samples was 96%. The assays seemed more sensitive than rapid antigen detection in moderate viral load samples. Although implementation in resource-limited settings requires additional improvements, deletion-insertion mutations were successfully detected by the RT-RPA-LF technique.

  5. Transmission of COVID-19 in Nightlife, Household, and Health Care Settings in Tokyo, Japan, in 2020

    Takeaki Imamura, Aika Watanabe, Yusuke Serizawa, Manami Nakashita, Mayuko Saito, Mayu Okada, Asamoe Ogawa, Yukiko Tabei, Yoshiko Soumura, Yoko Nadaoka, Naoki Nakatsubo, Takashi Chiba, Kenji Sadamasu, Kazuhisa Yoshimura, Yoshihiro Noda, Yuko Iwashita, Yuji Ishimaru, Naomi Seki, Kanako Otani, Tadatsugu Imamura, Matthew Myers Griffith, Kelly DeToy, Motoi Suzuki, Michihiko Yoshida, Atsuko Tanaka, Mariko Yauchi, Tomoe Shimada, Hitoshi Oshitani

    JAMA Network Open 6 (2) e230589-e230589 2023年2月24日

    出版者・発行元:American Medical Association (AMA)

    DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.0589  

    eISSN:2574-3805

    詳細を見る 詳細を閉じる

    Importance There have been few studies on the heterogeneous interconnection of COVID-19 outbreaks occurring in different social settings using robust, surveillance epidemiological data. Objectives To describe the characteristics of COVID-19 transmission within different social settings and to evaluate settings associated with onward transmission to other settings. Design, Setting, and Participants This is a case series study of laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 cases in Tokyo between January 23 and December 5, 2020, when vaccination was not yet implemented. Using epidemiological investigation data collected by public health centers, epidemiological links were identified and classified into 7 transmission settings: imported, nightlife, dining, workplace, household, health care, and other. Main Outcomes and Measures The number of cases per setting and the likelihood of generating onward transmissions were compared between different transmission settings. Results Of the 44 054 confirmed COVID-19 cases in this study, 25 241 (57.3%) were among male patients, and the median (IQR) age of patients was 36 (26-52) years. Transmission settings were identified in 13 122 cases, including 6768 household, 2733 health care, and 1174 nightlife cases. More than 6600 transmission settings were detected, and nightlife (72 of 380 [18.9%]; P &amp;amp;lt; .001) and health care (119 [36.2%]; P &amp;amp;lt; .001) settings were more likely to involve 5 or more cases than dining, workplace, household, and other settings. Nightlife cases appeared in the earlier phase of the epidemic, while household and health care cases appeared later. After adjustment for transmission setting, sex, age group, presence of symptoms, and wave, household and health care cases were less likely to generate onward transmission compared with nightlife cases (household: adjusted odds ratio, 0.03; 95% CI, 0.02-0.05; health care: adjusted odds ratio, 0.57; 95% CI, 0.41-0.79). Household settings were associated with intergenerational transmission, while nonhousehold settings mainly comprised transmission between the same age group. Among 30 932 cases without identified transmission settings, cases with a history of visiting nightlife establishments were more likely to generate onward transmission to nonhousehold settings (adjusted odds ratio, 5.30 [95% CI, 4.64-6.05]; P &amp;amp;lt; .001) than those without such history. Conclusions and Relevance In this case series study, COVID-19 cases identified in nightlife settings were associated with a higher likelihood of spreading COVID-19 than household and health care cases. Surveillance and interventions targeting nightlife settings should be prioritized to disrupt COVID-19 transmission, especially in the early stage of an epidemic.

  6. Seroprevalence of four endemic human coronaviruses and, reactivity and neutralization capability against SARS-CoV-2 among children in the Philippines. 国際誌

    Yusuke Sayama, Michiko Okamoto, Mayuko Saito, Mariko Saito-Obata, Raita Tamaki, Christine Dahlia Joboco, Socorro Lupisan, Hitoshi Oshitani

    Scientific reports 13 (1) 2310-2310 2023年2月9日

    DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-29072-3  

    詳細を見る 詳細を閉じる

    Four endemic human coronaviruses (HCoV), HCoV-229E, HCoV-NL63, HCoV-HKU1, and HCoV-OC43, are closely related to SARS-CoV-2. These coronaviruses are known to infect humans living in temperate areas, including children under 5 years old; however, the seroprevalence of four HCoVs among children in tropical areas, including the Philippines, remains unclear. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of antibodies against four HCoVs and to determine the reactivity and neutralization of these antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 among children in the Philippines. A total of 315 serum samples collected from 2015 to 2018, before the emergence of SARS-CoV-2, in Biliran island, Philippines, were tested for the presence of antibodies against four HCoVs and SARS-CoV-2 using recombinant spike ectodomain proteins by IgG-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Reactivity to and neutralization of SARS-CoV-2 were also investigated. The seroprevalence of the four HCoVs was 63.8% for HCoV-229E, 71.4% for HCoV-NL63, 76.5% for HCoV-HKU1, and 83.5% for HCoV-OC43 by ELISA. Age group analysis indicated that seropositivity to all HCoVs reached 80% by 2-3 years of age. While 69/315 (21.9%) of the samples showed reactive to SARS-CoV-2, almost no neutralization against SARS-CoV-2 was detected using neutralization assay. Reactivity of antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 spike protein obtained by ELISA may not correlate with neutralization capability.

  7. 【新型コロナウイルスと闘う最前線】COVID-19の疫学的特徴と自治体公開情報を用いた解析

    今村 剛朗, 仁宮 洸太, 押谷 仁

    BIO Clinica 37 (13) 1168-1172 2022年12月

    出版者・発行元:(株)北隆館

    ISSN:0919-8237

    詳細を見る 詳細を閉じる

    新型コロナウイルス感染症(COVID-19)は感染性が強く,無症状/軽症の感染者や発症前感染伝播の存在から封じ込めは困難である。2次感染者数のばらつきが大きい特徴から,クラスターの発生・連鎖を阻止することはCOVID-19の拡大抑制に有効と考えられる。COVID-19の発生動向をリアルタイムで把握し,データに基づく迅速なリスク評価を行うことが公衆衛生上の施策には必要不可欠である。新型コロナウイルスクラスター対策班では、大学や研究機関の専門家が疫学解析に用いることができる,自治体公開情報に基づいた日本全国のCOVID-19感染者情報データベースを構築した。(著者抄録)

  8. A multinational Delphi consensus to end the COVID-19 public health threat. 国際誌

    Jeffrey V Lazarus, Diana Romero, Christopher J Kopka, Salim Abdool Karim, Laith J Abu-Raddad, Gisele Almeida, Ricardo Baptista-Leite, Joshua A Barocas, Mauricio L Barreto, Yaneer Bar-Yam, Quique Bassat, Carolina Batista, Morgan Bazilian, Shu-Ti Chiou, Carlos Del Rio, Gregory J Dore, George F Gao, Lawrence O Gostin, Margaret Hellard, Jose L Jimenez, Gagandeep Kang, Nancy Lee, Mojca Matičič, Martin McKee, Sabin Nsanzimana, Miquel Oliu-Barton, Bary Pradelski, Oksana Pyzik, Kenneth Rabin, Sunil Raina, Sabina Faiz Rashid, Magdalena Rathe, Rocio Saenz, Sudhvir Singh, Malene Trock-Hempler, Sonia Villapol, Peiling Yap, Agnes Binagwaho, Adeeba Kamarulzaman, Ayman El-Mohandes

    Nature 611 (7935) 332-345 2022年11月

    DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-05398-2  

    詳細を見る 詳細を閉じる

    Despite notable scientific and medical advances, broader political, socioeconomic and behavioural factors continue to undercut the response to the COVID-19 pandemic1,2. Here we convened, as part of this Delphi study, a diverse, multidisciplinary panel of 386 academic, health, non-governmental organization, government and other experts in COVID-19 response from 112 countries and territories to recommend specific actions to end this persistent global threat to public health. The panel developed a set of 41 consensus statements and 57 recommendations to governments, health systems, industry and other key stakeholders across six domains: communication; health systems; vaccination; prevention; treatment and care; and inequities. In the wake of nearly three years of fragmented global and national responses, it is instructive to note that three of the highest-ranked recommendations call for the adoption of whole-of-society and whole-of-government approaches1, while maintaining proven prevention measures using a vaccines-plus approach2 that employs a range of public health and financial support measures to complement vaccination. Other recommendations with at least 99% combined agreement advise governments and other stakeholders to improve communication, rebuild public trust and engage communities3 in the management of pandemic responses. The findings of the study, which have been further endorsed by 184 organizations globally, include points of unanimous agreement, as well as six recommendations with >5% disagreement, that provide health and social policy actions to address inadequacies in the pandemic response and help to bring this public health threat to an end.

  9. Comparison of Rhinovirus A-, B-, and C-Associated Respiratory Tract Illness Severity Based on the 5'-Untranslated Region Among Children Younger Than 5 Years. 国際誌

    Akiko Sayama, Michiko Okamoto, Raita Tamaki, Mariko Saito-Obata, Mayuko Saito, Taro Kamigaki, Yusuke Sayama, Irene Lirio, Joanna Ina G Manalo, Veronica L Tallo, Socorro P Lupisan, Hitoshi Oshitani

    Open forum infectious diseases 9 (10) ofac387 2022年10月

    DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofac387  

    詳細を見る 詳細を閉じる

    BACKGROUND: Rhinoviruses (RVs) are among the most frequently detected viruses from hospitalized children with severe acute respiratory infections, being classified into RV-A, RV-B, and RV-C (4 clades: C, GAC1, GAC2, and A2). This study aimed to compare the clinical characteristics and respiratory tract illness severity between the RV species and RV-C clades in children in primary care and hospital settings in rural communities in the Philippines. METHODS: Clinical samples and information of children <5 years old in the Philippines were collected from 2014 to 2016. The samples were tested by reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) targeting the 5'-untranslated region. PCR-positive samples were sequenced, and RV species were identified by phylogenetic analysis. RESULTS: Overall, 3680 respiratory tract illness episodes in 1688 cohort children were documented; 713 of those were RV positive and identified as RV-A (n = 271), RV-B (n = 47), and RV-C (n = 395: C [n = 76], GAG1 [n = 172], GAG2 [n = 8], A2 [n = 138], and unidentified [n = 1]). Severe illnesses, low oxygen saturation, cough, and wheezing were more common in patients with RV-C, especially with GAC1, than in those with RV-A or RV-B. Furthermore, severe illness was significantly more common in RV-C (GAC1)-positive cases than in RV-A-positive cases (odds ratio, 2.61 [95% CI, 1.17-4.13]). CONCLUSIONS: Children infected with RV-C had more severe illnesses than children infected with RV-A and RV-B. Moreover, emerging clades of RV-C were associated with increased severity.

  10. Japanese encephalitis virus genotype III from mosquitoes in Tarlac, Philippines. 国際誌

    Wilfredo E Aure, Yusuke Sayama, Mariko Saito-Obata, Nelia P Salazar, Fedelino F Malbas Jr, Hazel O Galang, Tadatsugu Imamura, Cecilia L Zuasula, Hitoshi Oshitani

    IJID regions 4 59-65 2022年9月

    DOI: 10.1016/j.ijregi.2022.05.005  

    詳細を見る 詳細を閉じる

    OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to investigate the presence of Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) in a rice-farming community in the Philippines and to determine its implications regarding the epidemiology of viral encephalitides in the Asia-Pacific Region. METHODS: Mosquitoes were collected monthly from animal-baited traps close to flooded rice fields in two barangays (villages) in the Municipality of San Jose, Tarlac Province in Luzon, from May 2009 to July 2010. Virus was detected by nested reverse transcription PCR. Phylogenetic analysis of the amplified virus envelope gene was done using the maximum-likelihood method. RESULTS: A total of 28 700 known vector mosquitoes were collected, namely Culex vishnui, Culex fuscocephala, Culex tritaeniorhynchus, and Culex gelidus. JEV genotype III was detected in C. tritaeniorhynchus, belonging to the same genotype but form a different clade from those reported in the 1980s and in 2020 in this country. CONCLUSIONS: Japanese encephalitis is associated with rice cultivation and the presence of infected mosquitoes in Tarlac, Philippines. It remains to be seen whether the observed genetic shift of genotype III to genotype I in Asia will in time have an impact on the epidemiology of Japanese encephalitis in the Philippines. For long-term disease control, regular surveillance and Japanese encephalitis immunization in children and travelers in high risk areas are recommended.

  11. Epidemiological Factors Associated with COVID-19 Clusters in Medical and Social Welfare Facilities.

    Tadatsugu Imamura, Yura K Ko, Yuki Furuse, Takeaki Imamura, Kazuaki Jindai, Reiko Miyahara, Eiichiro Sando, Ikkoh Yasuda, Naho Tsuchiya, Mayuko Saito, Motoi Suzuki, Hitoshi Oshitani

    Japanese journal of infectious diseases 75 (3) 281-287 2022年5月24日

    DOI: 10.7883/yoken.JJID.2021.288  

    詳細を見る 詳細を閉じる

    The characteristics of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) clusters in medical and social welfare facilities and the factors associated with cluster size are still not yet fully understood. We reviewed COVID-19 cases in Japan identified from January 15 to April 30, 2020 and analyzed the factors associated with cluster size in medical and social welfare facilities. In this study, COVID-19 clusters were identified in 56 medical and 34 social welfare facilities. The number of cases in those facilities peaked after the peak of the general population. The duration of occurrence of new cases in clusters was positively correlated with the number of cases in both types of facilities (rho = 0.44, P < 0.001; and rho = 0.69, P < 0.001, respectively). However, the number of days between the first case in a prefecture and the onset of clusters was negatively correlated with the number of cases only in clusters in social welfare facilities (rho = - 0.4, P = 0.004). Our results suggest that COVID-19 cases in those facilities were prevalent in the latter phase of the disease's community transmission, although the underlying mechanisms for such a trend could differ between medical and social welfare facilities.

  12. COVID lessons from Japan: the right messaging empowers citizens. 国際誌

    Hitoshi Oshitani

    Nature 605 (7911) 589-589 2022年5月

    DOI: 10.1038/d41586-022-01385-9  

  13. Prolonged shedding of infectious viruses with haplotype switches of SARS-CoV-2 in an immunocompromised patient. 国際誌

    Kosuke Shoji, Akira Suzuki, Michiko Okamoto, Emmanuel Kagning Tsinda, Naoko Sugawara, Mie Sasaki, Yoshihiko Nogami, Michio Kobayashi, Hitoshi Oshitani, Masaru Yanai

    Journal of infection and chemotherapy : official journal of the Japan Society of Chemotherapy 28 (7) 1001-1004 2022年4月7日

    DOI: 10.1016/j.jiac.2022.04.004  

    詳細を見る 詳細を閉じる

    A concern has been raised that the persistent COVID-19 infection in an immunocompromised host can be the source of the SARS-CoV-2 variants. This is the case of a 61-year-old man in complete remission of a follicular lymphoma after six cycles of rituximab and bendamustine with additional two cycles of rituximab completed eight months prior to the episode of COVID-19 pneumonia. The patient's respiratory failure was long-lasting, and required mechanical ventilation until day 75. Acquired immunity tested negative throughout the observational period. The viral RNA was detectable until day 100 while the infectious virus was isolated until day 79. Seven haplotypes were identified and the non-synonymous mutations accumulated in the spike gene which included E484Q and S494P. In the management of COVID-19 cases with suppressed immune statuses, initial evaluation of existing immunity and monitoring for infectiousness throughout the clinical course including the convalescent stage may be necessary.

  14. Serotype Identification of Human Adenoviruses Associated with Influenza-Like Illnesses in the Philippines from 2006-2012 by Microneutralization and Molecular Techniques. 国際誌

    Catherine Calzado-Dacasin, Janiza Lianne Foronda, Vina Lea Arguelles, Chona Mae Daga, Marie Therese Quimpo, Socorro Lupisan, Clyde Dapat, Mariko Saito, Michiko Okamoto, Pia Marie Albano, Hitoshi Oshitani

    International journal of infectious diseases : IJID : official publication of the International Society for Infectious Diseases 117 326-333 2022年4月

    DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2022.02.008  

    詳細を見る 詳細を閉じる

    OBJECTIVES: Human adenoviruses (HAdV) are known to cause a wide range of diseases including acute respiratory infections, conjunctivitis, and acute gastroenteritis. In this study, we aimed to determine the serotypes of HAdV in patients with influenza-like illness (ILI) in the Philippines from 2006-2012 and to describe the demographic and epidemiological characteristics of patients who tested positive for HAdV. METHODS: Between 2006 and 2012, the Philippine National Influenza Centre detected HAdV in 1294 samples of patients with ILI. Serotype determination was done in select samples using microneutralization, polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and sequencing methods. RESULTS: A total of 8 serotypes were identified (HAdV 1-7 and 11), with HAdV-2 (27.8%), and HAdV-3 (27.8%) being the most prevalent. The majority of HAdV infections were found in children below 5 years of age (79.9%). CONCLUSIONS: The identification of HAdV circulating serotypes may serve as guide for designing disease intervention and control strategies and will provide important information regarding the contribution of this virus to respiratory infections, particularly in children, which remain a public health burden in the Philippines.

  15. Incidence of lower respiratory tract infection and associated viruses in a birth cohort in the Philippines. 国際誌

    Kanako Otani, Mayuko Saito, Michiko Okamoto, Raita Tamaki, Mariko Saito-Obata, Taro Kamigaki, Irene C Lirio, Edelwisa Segubre-Mercado, Veronica Tallo, Socorro Lupisan, Hitoshi Oshitani

    BMC infectious diseases 22 (1) 313-313 2022年3月30日

    DOI: 10.1186/s12879-022-07289-3  

    詳細を見る 詳細を閉じる

    BACKGROUND: Lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI) is an important cause of morbidity and mortality in infants and young children. However, the etiological role of viruses and the timing of developing LRTI are not well defined. METHODS: We analyzed the data of a prospective cohort study in the Philippines as a birth cohort. We detected LRTI among children who visited healthcare facilities with respiratory symptom, and collected nasopharyngeal swabs for virus detection. We analyzed the incidence rates (IRs) and cumulative proportion of LRTI and severe LRTI by age group and each virus detected. RESULTS: A total of 350 LRTI episodes were observed from 473 child-years yielded from 419 children. The IRs of LRTI were 70.8, 70.7, and 80.8 per 100 child-years for 0-5, 6-11, and 12-23 months of age, respectively. By 12 months of age, 45% of children developed LRTI at least once. Rhinovirus and respiratory syncytial virus were the most frequently detected viruses in all age groups. However, the IRs of influenza virus were low especially at 0-5 months of age. CONCLUSIONS: We identified various patterns of age-specific IRs of LRTI and severe LRTI for different viruses, which should be considered to establish more effective interventions including vaccinations.

  16. Incidence and length of outbreak period of COVID-19 and population density in comparison with seasonal influenza in Japan. 国際誌

    Hiroki Akaba, Kazuaki Jindai, Yugo Shobugawa, Hitoshi Oshitani

    IJID regions 2 154-157 2022年3月

    DOI: 10.1016/j.ijregi.2022.01.003  

    詳細を見る 詳細を閉じる

    OBJECTIVES: There is no consensus regarding the impact of population density on the transmission of respiratory viral infections such as COVID-19 and seasonal influenza. Our study aimed to determine the correlation between population density and the incidence and duration of COVID-19 transmission. METHODS: Publicly available data for confirmed COVID-19 cases in Japan, from January 2020 through November 2021, were retrospectively collected. The average numbers of seasonal influenza cases reported in the national database from 2013-2014 through 2019-2020 were identified. Using data for COVID-19 and seasonal influenza population density and incidence rates (age-adjusted), the Pearson's correlation coefficient was determined. RESULTS: A significant positive correlation between log population density and length of outbreak period was observed for COVID-19 (r = 0.734; p < 0.001) but not for seasonal influenza. Additionally, a significant linear correlation was observed between population density and age-adjusted incidence rate for COVID-19 (r = 0.692; p < 0.001) but not for seasonal influenza. CONCLUSIONS: In Japan, areas with high population density experienced a prolonged and more intense COVID-19 outbreak compared with areas with low population density. This was not observed with seasonal influenza, suggesting that public health measures against COVID-19 should be tailored according to population density.

  17. Secondary transmission of SARS-CoV-2 during the first two waves in Japan: Demographic characteristics and overdispersion

    Yura K Ko, Yuki Furuse, Kota Ninomiya, Kanako Otani, Hiroki Akaba, Reiko Miyahara, Tadatsugu Imamura, Takeaki Imamura, Alex R Cook, Mayuko Saito, Motoi Suzuki, Hitoshi Oshitani

    International Journal of Infectious Diseases 116 365-373 2022年3月

    出版者・発行元:Elsevier BV

    DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2022.01.036  

    ISSN:1201-9712

  18. Integration of publicly available case-based data for real-time coronavirus disease 2019 risk assessment, Japan. 国際誌

    Kota Ninomiya, Mariko Kanamori, Naomi Ikeda, Kazuaki Jindai, Yura K Ko, Kanako Otani, Yuki Furuse, Hiroki Akaba, Reiko Miyahara, Mayuko Saito, Motoi Suzuki, Hitoshi Oshitani

    Western Pacific surveillance and response journal : WPSAR 13 (1) 1-6 2022年

    DOI: 10.5365/wpsar.2022.13.1.889  

    詳細を見る 詳細を閉じる

    In response to the outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Japan, a national COVID-19 cluster taskforce (comprising governmental and nongovernmental experts) was established to support the country's Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare in conducting daily risk assessment. The assessment was carried out using established infectious disease surveillance systems; however, in the initial stages of the pandemic these were not sufficient for real-time risk assessment owing to limited accessibility, delay in data entry and inadequate case information. Also, local governments were publishing anonymized data on confirmed COVID-19 cases on their official web sites as daily press releases. We developed a unique database for nationwide real-time risk assessment that included these case lists from local government web sites and integrated all case data into a standardized format. The database was updated daily and checked systematically to ensure comprehensiveness and quality. Between 15 January 2020 and 15 June 2021, 776 459 cases were logged in the database, allowing for analysis of real-time risk from the pandemic. This semi-automated database was used in daily risk assessments, and to evaluate and update control measures to prevent community transmission of COVID-19 in Japan. The data were reported almost every week to the Japanese Government Advisory Panel on COVID-19 for public health responses.

  19. Near-Complete Genome Sequencing of Influenza C Virus in the Philippines between 2014 and 2019. 国際誌

    Daisetsu Fujita, Clyde Dapat, Emmanuel Kagning Tsinda, Mayuko Saito, Michiko Okamoto, Mariko Saito-Obata, Beatriz P Quiambao, Socorro P Lupisan, Hitoshi Oshitani

    Microbiology resource announcements 10 (49) e0090021 2021年12月9日

    DOI: 10.1128/MRA.00900-21  

    詳細を見る 詳細を閉じる

    We report 19 nearly complete genome sequences of influenza C virus isolated from clinical samples recovered from children in the Philippines between 2014 and 2019.

  20. Molecular characterization of Vibrio cholerae O1 isolates obtained from outbreaks in the Philippines, 2015-2016. 国際誌

    Mark Philip Bugayong, Hidemasa Izumiya, Josie M Bilar, Masatomo Morita, Eiji Arakawa, Mariko Saito-Obata, Hitoshi Oshitani, Makoto Ohnishi

    Journal of medical microbiology 70 (11) 2021年11月

    DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.001443  

    詳細を見る 詳細を閉じる

    Introduction. The Philippines, comprising three island groups, namely, Luzon, Visayas and Mindanao, experienced an increase in cholera outbreaks in 2016. Previous studies have shown that Vibrio cholerae isolates obtained from the Philippines are novel hybrid El Tor strains that have evolved in the country and are clearly distinct from those found in Mozambique and Cameroon.Gap statement. The characterization of the strains isolated from outbreaks has been limited to phenotypic characteristics, such as biochemical and serological characteristics, in most previous studies.Aim. We performed multilocus variable-number tandem repeat (VNTR) analysis (MLVA) for V. cholerae isolates obtained from 2015 to 2016 to further characterize and understand the emergence and dissemination of the strains in the Philippines.Methodology. A total of 139 V. cholerae O1 Ogawa biotype El Tor isolates were obtained from the Philippines during diarrhoeal outbreaks in 18 provinces between 2015 and 2016. VNTR data were analysed to classify the MLVA profiles where the large-chromosome types (LCTs) were applied for grouping.Results. We identified 50 MLVA types among 139 isolates originating from 18 provinces, and 14 LCTs. The distribution of the LCTs was variable, and a few were located in specific areas or even in specific provinces. Based on eBURST analysis, 99 isolates with 7 LCTs and 32 MLVA types belonged to 1 group, suggesting that they were related to each other. LCT A was predominant (n=67) and was isolated from Luzon and Visayas. LCT A had 14 MLVA types; however, it mostly emerged during a single quarter of a year. Eight clusters were identified, each of which involved specific MLVA type(s). The largest cluster involved 23 isolates showing 3 MLVA types, 21 of which were MLVA type A-14 isolated from Negros Occidental during quarter 4 of 2016. Comparative analysis showed that almost all isolates from the Philippines were distinct from those in other countries.Conclusions. The genotypic relationship of the V. cholerae isolates obtained during outbreaks in the Philippines was studied, and their emergence and dissemination were elucidated. MLVA revealed the short-term dynamics of V. cholerae genotypes in the Philippines.

  21. Facilitating the deployment of Japanese human resources for responding global outbreaks of emerging and Re-emerging infectious diseases: A cross-sectional study

    Hidetoshi Nomoto, Masahiro Ishikane, Sangnim Lee, Nobuhiro Komiya, Takahiro Maeki, Tamano Matsui, Kouichi Morita, Hitoshi Oshitani, Masayuki Saijo, Takuya Yamagishi, Taro Yamamoto, Norio Ohmagari

    Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy 2021年10月

    出版者・発行元:Elsevier BV

    DOI: 10.1016/j.jiac.2021.09.015  

    ISSN:1341-321X

  22. Proactive Engagement of the Expert Meeting in Managing the Early Phase of the COVID-19 Epidemic, Japan, February-June 2020. 国際誌

    Tomoya Saito, Kaori Muto, Mikihito Tanaka, Nobuhiko Okabe, Hitoshi Oshitani, Satoshi Kamayachi, Yoshihiro Kawaoka, Akihiko Kawana, Motoi Suzuki, Kazuhiro Tateda, Hitomi Nakayama, Masaki Yoshida, Akifumi Imamura, Fumio Ohtake, Norio Ohmagari, Ken Osaka, Mitsuo Kaku, Tomimasa Sunagawa, Kazutoshi Nakashima, Hiroshi Nishiura, Koji Wada, Shigeru Omi, Takaji Wakita

    Emerging infectious diseases 27 (10) 1-9 2021年10月

    DOI: 10.3201/eid2710.204685  

    詳細を見る 詳細を閉じる

    To deal with the risk of emerging diseases with many unknowns, close and timely collaboration and communication between science experts and policymakers are crucial to developing and implementing an effective science-based intervention strategy. The Expert Meeting, an ad hoc medical advisory body, was established in February 2020 to advise Japan's COVID-19 Response Headquarters. The group played an important role in the policymaking process, promoting timely situation awareness and developing science-based proposals on interventions that were promptly reflected in government actions. However, this expert group may have been overly proactive in taking on the government's role in crisis management. For the next stage of managing the coronavirus disease pandemic and future pandemics, the respective roles of the government and its advisory bodies need to be clearly defined. Leadership and strategic risk communication by the government are key.

  23. Complete Genome Sequences of Enterovirus D68 Clade A and D Strains in the Philippines. 国際誌

    Michiko Okamoto, Masahiro Sakamoto, Clyde Dapat, Mayuko Saito, Mariko Saito-Obata, Raita Tamaki, Socorro P Lupisan, Beatriz P Quiambao, Hitoshi Oshitani

    Microbiology resource announcements 10 (39) e0070921 2021年9月30日

    DOI: 10.1128/MRA.00709-21  

    詳細を見る 詳細を閉じる

    Complete genome sequences were determined for 4 clade A and 12 clade D enterovirus D68 strains detected in nasopharyngeal swabs from children with acute respiratory illness in the Philippines. These sequence data will be useful for future epidemiological monitoring, including watching for viral evolution.

  24. COVID-19 case-clusters and transmission chains in the communities in Japan

    Yiiki Furuse, Naho Tsnchiya, Reiko Miyahara, Dckoh Yasuda, Eiichiro Sando, Yura K Ko, Takeaki Imainura, Konosiike Morimoto, Tadatsugu Iinamura, Yugo Shobugawa, Shohei Nagata, Atsuna Tokiimoto, Kazuaki Jiiidai, Motoi Suzuki, Hitoshi Oshitani

    Journal of Infection 2021年8月

    出版者・発行元:Elsevier BV

    DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2021.08.016  

    ISSN:0163-4453

  25. Risk of Transmission and Viral Shedding from the Time of Infection for Respiratory Syncytial Virus in Households

    Hirono Otomaru, Johanna Beulah T Sornillo, Taro Kamigaki, Samantha Louise P Bado, Michiko Okamoto, Mariko Saito-Obata, Marianette T Inobaya, Edelwisa Segubre-Mercado, Portia P Alday, Mayuko Saito, Veronica L Tallo, Beatriz P Quiambao, Hitoshi Oshitani, Alex R Cook

    American Journal of Epidemiology 2021年7月3日

    出版者・発行元:Oxford University Press (OUP)

    DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwab181  

    ISSN:0002-9262

    eISSN:1476-6256

    詳細を見る 詳細を閉じる

    <title>Abstract</title> Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) is a leading cause of lower respiratory tract infection worldwide. The report of temporal changes in the risk of transmission among close contacts has been scarce. This study aims to examine an association between the viral load trajectory and transmission risk to develop a better control strategy for the disease spread. We conducted a household-based prospective cohort study in Biliran Province, the Philippines, and enrolled 451 participants for observing the development of acute respiratory infection. Including the cases found at the health care facility, we analyzed the data of viral loads with symptom records obtained from 172 followed-up participants whose household member was RSV positive with a rapid test during an RSV outbreak in 2018–2019. We developed a model estimating a temporal change of the viral shedding from the infection and evaluated transmission dynamics. We revealed that most transmission events occurred within approximately 7 days from the household exposure, including potential pre-symptomatic transmissions. The inferred risk of infection among those younger than 5 years old was 3.5 times higher than that of those older than 5 years. This finding suggested that the initial week after the household exposure is particularly important for preventing RSV spread.

  26. Relationship of test positivity rates with covid‐19 epidemic dynamics

    Yuki Furuse, Yura K. Ko, Kota Ninomiya, Motoi Suzuki, Hitoshi Oshitani

    International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18 (9) 2021年5月1日

    DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18094655  

    ISSN:1661-7827

    eISSN:1660-4601

    詳細を見る 詳細を閉じる

    Detection and isolation of infected people are believed to play an important role in the control of the COVID‐19 pandemic. Some countries conduct large‐scale screenings for testing, whereas others test mainly people with high prior probability of infection such as showing severe symptoms and/or having an epidemiological link with a known or suspected case or cluster of cases. However, what a good testing strategy is and whether the difference in testing strategy shows a meaningful, measurable impact on the COVID‐19 epidemic remain unknown. Here, we showed that patterns of association between effective reproduction number (Rt) and test positivity rate can illuminate differences in testing situation among different areas, using global and local data from Japan. This association can also evaluate the adequacy of current testing systems and what information is captured in COVID‐19 surveillance. The differences in testing systems alone cannot predict the results of epidemic containment efforts. Furthermore, monitoring test positivity rates and severe case proportions among the nonelderly can predict imminent case count increases. Monitoring test positivity rates in conjunction with the concurrent Rt could be useful to assess and strengthen public health management and testing systems and deepen understanding of COVID‐ 19 epidemic dynamics.

  27. Familial clusters of coronavirus disease in 10 prefectures, japan, february-may 2020

    Reiko Miyahara, Naho Tsuchiya, Ikkoh Yasuda, Yura K. Ko, Yuki Furuse, Eiichiro Sando, Shohei Nagata, Tadatsugu Imamura, Mayuko Saito, Konosuke Morimoto, Takeaki Imamura, Yugo Shobugawa, Hiroshi Nishiura, Motoi Suzuki, Hitoshi Oshitani

    Emerging Infectious Diseases 27 (3) 915-918 2021年3月

    DOI: 10.3201/eid2703.203882  

    ISSN:1080-6040

    eISSN:1080-6059

    詳細を見る 詳細を閉じる

    The overall coronavirus disease secondary attack rate (SAR) in family members was 19.0% in 10 prefectures of Japan during February 22-May 31, 2020. The SAR was lower for primary cases diagnosed early, within 2 days after symptom onset. The SAR of asymptomatic primary cases was 11.8%.

  28. Inactivation of SARS-CoV-2 by Catechins from Green Tea.

    Hidekazu Nishimura, Michiko Okamoto, Isolde Dapat, Masanori Katumi, Hitoshi Oshitani

    Japanese journal of infectious diseases 2021年1月29日

    DOI: 10.7883/yoken.JJID.2020.902  

    詳細を見る 詳細を閉じる

    Green tea extracts effectively inactivated SARS-CoV-2 in vitro in a dose-dependent manner. Serially 10-fold diluted solutions of catechin mixture reagent from green tea were mixed with the viral culture fluid at a volume ratio of nine to one, respectively, and kept at room temperature for 5 min. The solution of 10 mg/mL catechin reagent reduced the viral titer by 4.2 log and 1.0 mg/mL solution reduced only by one log. Pre-infection treatment of the cells with the reagent alone did not affect the viral growth. In addition, cells treated with only the reagent was assayed for host-cell viability using the WST-8 system and almost no host-cell damage by the treatment was observed. These findings suggested that the direct treatment of virus with the reagent before inoculation decreased the viral activity and that catechins might have a potential to suppress the SARS-CoV-2 infection.

  29. Roles of Children and Adolescents in COVID-19 Transmission in the Community: A Retrospective Analysis of Nationwide Data in Japan. 国際誌

    Tadatsugu Imamura, Mayuko Saito, Yura K Ko, Takeaki Imamura, Kanako Otani, Hiroki Akaba, Kota Ninomiya, Yuki Furuse, Reiko Miyahara, Eiichiro Sando, Ikkoh Yasuda, Naho Tsuchiya, Motoi Suzuki, Hitoshi Oshitani

    Frontiers in pediatrics 9 705882-705882 2021年

    DOI: 10.3389/fped.2021.705882  

    詳細を見る 詳細を閉じる

    Background: Roles of children and adolescents in spreading coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in the community is not fully understood. Methods: We analyzed the data of 7,758 children and adolescents with COVID-19 and characteristics of secondary transmission generated by these cases using case information published by local governments. Ratio of pediatric and adolescent cases generating secondary transmission was calculated for various social settings. Results: The incidence of COVID-19 was 24.8 cases per 105 population aged between 0 and 9 years, and 59.2 among those aged between 10 and 19 years, which was lower than that among individuals of all age groups (79.6 per 105 population) between January 15 and October 31, 2020. The proportion of cases generating secondary cases was 8.3% among infants and young children in nursery schools and kindergartens, 16% among children and adolescents attending primary schools, 34% among those attending junior high schools, 43% among those attending high schools, 31% among those attending professional training colleges, and 24% in those attending universities. Households were the most common setting for secondary transmission. Conclusion: The risk of generating secondary cases might be limited among pediatric and adolescent cases with COVID-19, especially in settings outside households. Effectiveness of traditional mitigation measures (e.g., school closures) to suppress COVID-19 transmissions should be carefully evaluated.

  30. Gene signature of children with severe respiratory syncytial virus infection

    Clyde Dapat, Satoru Kumaki, Hiroki Sakurai, Hidekazu Nishimura, Hannah Karen Mina Labayo, Michiko Okamoto, Mayuko Saito, Hitoshi Oshitani

    Pediatric Research 2021年

    DOI: 10.1038/s41390-020-01347-9  

    ISSN:0031-3998

    eISSN:1530-0447

    詳細を見る 詳細を閉じる

    Background: The limited treatment options for children with severe respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection highlights the need for a comprehensive understanding of the host cellular response during infection. We aimed to identify host genes that are associated with severe RSV disease and to identify drugs that can be repurposed for the treatment of severe RSV infection. Methods: We examined clinical data and blood samples from 37 hospitalized children (29 mild and 8 severe) with RSV infection. We tested RNA from blood samples using next-generation sequencing to profile global mRNA expression and identify cellular processes. Results: Retractions, decreased breath sounds, and tachypnea were associated with disease severity. We observed upregulation of genes related to neutrophil, inflammatory response, blood coagulation, and downregulation of genes related to T cell response in children with severe RSV. Using network-based approach, 43 drugs were identified that are predicted to interact with the gene products of these differentially expressed genes. Conclusions: These results suggest that the changes in the expression pattern in the innate and adaptive immune responses may be associated with RSV clinical severity. Compounds that target these cellular processes can be repositioned as candidate drugs in the treatment of severe RSV. Impact: Neutrophil, inflammation, and blood coagulation genes are upregulated in children with severe RSV infection.Expression of T cell response genes are suppressed in cases of severe RSV.Genes identified in this study can contribute in understanding the pathogenesis of RSV disease severity.Drugs that target cellular processes associated with severe RSV can be repositioned as potential therapeutic options.

  31. Surveillance of dengue virus in individual Aedes aegypti mosquitoes collected concurrently with suspected human cases in Tarlac City, Philippines

    Jean Claude Balingit, Thaddeus M. Carvajal, Mariko Saito-Obata, Maribet Gamboa, Amalea Dulcene Nicolasora, Ava Kristy Sy, Hitoshi Oshitani, Kozo Watanabe

    Parasites and Vectors 13 (1) 2020年12月

    DOI: 10.1186/s13071-020-04470-y  

    eISSN:1756-3305

    詳細を見る 詳細を閉じる

    Background: Vector control measures are critical for the prevention and reduction of dengue virus (DENV) transmission. Effective vector control is reliant not only on knowledge of mosquito abundance, but also on the timely and accurate detection of mosquito-borne infection. Mosquito-based virus surveillance programs typically rely on pool-based mosquito testing, although whether individual-based mosquito testing is a feasible alternative to this has not been widely studied. Applying an individual-based mosquito testing approach, we conducted a 1-month surveillance study of DENV in adult Aedes aegypti mosquitoes in homes of suspected dengue patients during the 2015 peak dengue season in Tarlac City, Philippines to more accurately assess the mosquito infection rate and identify the DENV serotypes and genotypes concurrently co-circulating in mosquitoes and patients there. Methods: We performed a one-step multiplex real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay for the simultaneous detection and serotyping of DENV in patients and individual female Ae. aegypti mosquitoes. Additionally, we performed sequencing and phylogenetic analyses to further characterize the detected DENV serotypes in mosquitoes and patients at the genotype level. Results: We collected a total of 583 adult Ae. aegypti mosquitoes, of which we individually tested 359 female mosquitoes for the presence of DENV. Ten (2.8%) of the 359 female mosquitoes were positive for the presence of DENV. We detected DENV-1, DENV-2, and DENV-4 in the field-collected mosquitoes, which was consistent with the serotypes concurrently found in infected patients. Sequencing and phylogenetic analyses of the detected DENV serotypes based on the partial sequence of the evelope (E) gene revealed three genotypes concurrently present in the sampled mosquitoes and patients during the study period, namely DENV-1 genotype IV, DENV-2 Cosmopolitan genotype, and DENV-4 genotype II. Conclusions: We demonstrated the utility of a one-step multiplex real-time RT-PCR assay for the individual-based DENV surveillance of mosquitoes. Our findings reinforce the importance of detecting and monitoring virus activity in local mosquito populations, which are critical for dengue prevention and control.[Figure not available: see fulltext.]

  32. 【新型コロナウイルス感染症(COVID-19)と精神科病院】宮城県精神科医療機関新型コロナウイルス感染症対策ネットワークにおける対策指針策定の経緯と意義 コロナ禍が精神医療にもたらした教訓

    富田 博秋, 佐藤 博俊, 角藤 芳久, 國井 泰人, 佐久間 篤, 牧野 祐子, 児玉 栄一, 徳田 浩一, 鈴木 陽, 吉田 眞紀子, 賀来 満夫, 押谷 仁, 小坂 健

    日本精神科病院協会雑誌 39 (11) 1125-1130 2020年11月

    出版者・発行元:(公社)日本精神科病院協会

    ISSN:1347-4103

  33. 【新型コロナウイルス感染症(COVID-19)と精神科病院】宮城県精神科医療機関新型コロナウイルス感染症対策ネットワークにおける対策指針策定の経緯と意義 コロナ禍が精神医療にもたらした教訓

    富田 博秋, 佐藤 博俊, 角藤 芳久, 國井 泰人, 佐久間 篤, 牧野 祐子, 児玉 栄一, 徳田 浩一, 鈴木 陽, 吉田 眞紀子, 賀来 満夫, 押谷 仁, 小坂 健

    日本精神科病院協会雑誌 39 (11) 1125-1130 2020年11月

    出版者・発行元:(公社)日本精神科病院協会

    ISSN:1347-4103

  34. Genetic diversity of species A rotaviruses detected in clinical and environmental samples, including porcine-like rotaviruses from hospitalized children in the Philippines 国際誌 査読有り

    Toshifumi Imagawa, Mayuko Saito, Dai Yamamoto, Mariko Saito-Obata, Yoshifumi Masago, Adrianne C. Ablola, Amado O. Tandoc, Edelwisa Segubre-Mercado, Socorro P. Lupisan, Hitoshi Oshitani

    Infection, Genetics and Evolution 85 104465-104465 2020年11月

    DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2020.104465  

    ISSN:1567-1348

    eISSN:1567-7257

    詳細を見る 詳細を閉じる

    Rotaviruses are the major cause of severe acute diarrhea in infants and young children. Rotaviruses exhibit zoonosis and thereby infect both humans and animals. Viruses detected in urban rivers possibly reflect the presence of circulating viruses in the catchment. The present study investigates the genetic diversity of species A rotaviruses detected from river water and stool of hospitalized children with acute diarrhea in Tacloban City, the Philippines. Species A rotaviruses were detected by real-time RT-PCR and their genotypes were identified by multiplex PCR and sequencing of partial regions of VP7 and VP4. Rotaviruses were detected in 85.7% (30/35) of the river water samples and 62.7% (151/241) of the clinical samples. Genotypes of VP7 in the river water samples were G1, G2, G3, G4, G5, and G9, and those of VP4 were P[3], P[4], P[6], P[8], and P[13]. Genotypes of viruses from the clinical samples were G2P[4], G1P[8], G3P[8], G4P[6], G5P[6], and G9P[8]. Among those, G2P[4] in clinical samples (77.9%, 81/104) and P[4] of VP4 in river water samples (67.5%, 56/83)) were the most frequently detected rotavirus genotypes. However, G5 was the more frequently detected than G2 in the river water samples (42% vs. 13%) which may be originated from porcine rotavirus. Sequence analyses of eleven gene segments revealed one G5P[6] and two G4P[6] rotaviruses in the clinical samples, wherein, several gene segments were closely related to porcine rotaviruses. The constellation of these rotavirus genes suggests the emergence of reassortment between human and porcine rotavirus due to interspecies transmission. Although two commercial rotavirus vaccines are available now, these vaccines are designed to confer immunity against the major human rotaviruses. Constant monitoring of viral variety in populated areas where humans and domestic animals live in close proximity provides vital information related to the diversity of rotaviruses in a human population.

  35. Norovirus-specific immunoglobulin A in breast milk for protection against norovirus-associated diarrhea among infants. 国際誌 査読有り

    Hannah Karen Mina Labayo, Monica J Pajuelo, Kentaro Tohma, Lauren A Ford-Siltz, Robert H Gilman, Lilia Cabrera, Holger Mayta, Gerardo J Sanchez, Anniuska Toledo Cornejo, Caryn Bern, Clyde Dapat, Tomonori Nochi, Gabriel I Parra, Hitoshi Oshitani, Mayuko Saito

    EClinicalMedicine 27 100561-100561 2020年10月

    DOI: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2020.100561  

    詳細を見る 詳細を閉じる

    Background: Norovirus (NV) causes acute gastroenteritis in infants. Humoral and fecal immunoglobulin A (IgA) responses have been correlated with protection against NV; however, the role of breast milk IgA against NV infection and associated diarrhea is still unknown. This study aimed to evaluate the protective role of NV-specific IgA (NV-IgA) in breast milk. Methods: Ninety-five breast milk samples collected from mothers enrolled in a 2016-2017 Peruvian birth cohort study were tested for total IgA and NV-IgA by ELISA using GII·4 variants and non-GII·4 genotype virus-like particles (VLPs). Breast milk samples were grouped according to the NV infection and diarrheal status of infants: NV positive with diarrhea (NV+D+, n=18); NV positive without diarrhea (NV+D-, n=37); and NV negative without diarrhea (NV-D-, n=40). The percent positivity and titer of NV-IgA were compared among groups. The cross-reactivity was estimated based on the correlation of ratio between NV-IgA against GII·4 variants and non-GII·4 genotype VLPs. Findings: NV-IgA had high positivity rates against different VLPs, especially against GII (89-100%). The NV+D- group had higher percent positivity (89% vs. 61%, p=0·03) and median titer (1:100 vs 1:50, p=0·03) of NV-IgA than the NV+D+ group against GI·1 VLPs. A relatively high correlation between different GII·4 variants (0·87) and low correlation between genogroups (0·23-0·37) were observed. Interpretation: Mothers with high positivity rates and titers of NV-IgA in breast milk had NV infected infants with reduced diarrheal symptoms. Antigenic relatedness to the genetic diversity of human norovirus was suggested.Funding National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Health: 1R01AI108695-01A1 and the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (Fostering Joint International Research B):19KK0241.

  36. Epidemiology of COVID-19 Outbreak in Japan, from January-March 2020. 査読有り

    Yuki Furuse, Yura K Ko, Mayuko Saito, Yugo Shobugawa, Kazuaki Jindai, Tomoya Saito, Hiroshi Nishiura, Tomimasa Sunagawa, Motoi Suzuki, Hitoshi Oshitani

    Japanese journal of infectious diseases 73 (5) 391-393 2020年9月24日

    DOI: 10.7883/yoken.JJID.2020.271  

  37. Genetic analysis of sapoviruses detected in outbreaks and sporadic cases of acute gastroenteritis in Miyagi Prefecture, Japan. 国際誌 査読有り

    Akie Sakagami, Yo Ueki, Clyde Dapat, Mayuko Saito, Hitoshi Oshitani

    Journal of clinical virology : the official publication of the Pan American Society for Clinical Virology 132 104648-104648 2020年9月19日

    DOI: 10.1016/j.jcv.2020.104648  

    詳細を見る 詳細を閉じる

    BACKGROUND: Human sapovirus (SaV) causes sporadic and endemic acute gastroenteritis worldwide. However, little is known about the relationship between the mode of transmission and genetic characteristics of SaV. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the molecular characteristics of SaV-associated acute gastroenteritis among sporadic cases, foodborne, and nonfoodborne outbreaks. STUDY DESIGN: We performed a systematic review of publications and genetic analysis of SaV in fecal specimens from 98 outpatients with acute gastroenteritis, 32 stool samples from 8 foodborne outbreaks, and 63 stool samples from 23 nonfoodborne outbreaks in Miyagi Prefecture, Japan from 1993 and between 2004 and 2020. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was employed for the detection of SaV, and the partial capsid gene was sequenced for genotyping and phylogenetic analysis. RESULTS: The overall detection rate of SaV in sporadic cases, foodborne, and nonfoodborne outbreaks was 5.8, 1.7, and 4.3%, respectively. Genotypic analysis revealed GI.1 to be the predominant genotype in sporadic cases (31.5%) and nonfoodborne outbreaks (52.1%), whereas it was not detected in foodborne outbreaks. Some outbreaks occurred following sporadic cases with the same genotype. CONCLUSIONS: The distribution of SaV genotypes was different between foodborne outbreaks and other settings. The effective SaV infection control may differ depending on the genomic characteristics.

  38. Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of children with acute respiratory viral infections in the Philippines: a prospective cohort study. 国際誌 査読有り

    Yuki Furuse, Raita Tamaki, Akira Suzuki, Taro Kamigaki, Michiko Okamoto, Mariko Saito-Obata, Emiko Nakagawa, Mayuko Saito, Edelwisa Segubre-Mercado, Veronica Tallo, Socorro Lupisan, Hitoshi Oshitani

    Clinical microbiology and infection : the official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases 27 (7) 1037.e9-1037.e14 2020年9月17日

    DOI: 10.1016/j.cmi.2020.09.017  

    詳細を見る 詳細を閉じる

    OBJECTIVES: Viral acute respiratory infection (ARI) remains a major global health problem, especially among children in low- and middle-income countries. The study was conducted to reveal aetiological significance of respiratory viruses among both non-hospitalized and hospitalized children. METHODS: A cohort study of children with ARI at the household, primary healthcare facility, and hospital levels was conducted alongside a hospital-based study including non-cohort children from 2014 to 2016 in the Philippines. The ARI cases were recorded at households and healthcare facilities, and a clinical investigation was performed. Nasopharyngeal swabs were collected from the symptomatic children and tested for respiratory viruses via polymerase chain reaction. Then, the association between healthcare facility utilization and viral detection was investigated. RESULTS: Overall, 18,514 ARI cases were enrolled in the cohort study, and samples were collected from 4735 of these cases. The hospital-based study detected 648 ARI cases, all of which were sampled. Rhinovirus (22.2%; 1052/4735) was most frequently detected followed by respiratory syncytial virus (12.0%; 566/4735). Enterovirus (adjusted odds ratio, 1.8; 95% confidence interval, 1.1-2.8), human metapneumovirus (2.1, 1.4-3.2), rhinovirus (2.1, 1.8-2.6), and respiratory syncytial virus (1.6, 1.2-1.9) were significantly more prevalent in the ARI cases at healthcare facilities than in those in households. Of all ARI cases, 0.6% required hospitalization while 1.8% were hospitalized among the respiratory syncytial virus-positive cases (3.8, 3.0-4.9). CONCLUSIONS: We determined the prevalence of respiratory viruses among children with ARIs at the household, primary healthcare facility, and hospital levels and the association with clinical characteristics. In particular, we discovered a significant disease burden and impact of respiratory syncytial virus infections as well as a considerable aetiological implication of rhinovirus infections.

  39. Clusters of Coronavirus Disease in Communities, Japan, January-April 2020. 国際誌 査読有り

    Yuki Furuse, Eiichiro Sando, Naho Tsuchiya, Reiko Miyahara, Ikkoh Yasuda, Yura K Ko, Mayuko Saito, Konosuke Morimoto, Takeaki Imamura, Yugo Shobugawa, Shohei Nagata, Kazuaki Jindai, Tadatsugu Imamura, Tomimasa Sunagawa, Motoi Suzuki, Hiroshi Nishiura, Hitoshi Oshitani

    Emerging infectious diseases 26 (9) 2176-9 2020年9月

    DOI: 10.3201/eid2609.202272  

    詳細を見る 詳細を閉じる

    We analyzed 3,184 cases of coronavirus disease in Japan and identified 61 case-clusters in healthcare and other care facilities, restaurants and bars, workplaces, and music events. We also identified 22 probable primary case-patients for the clusters; most were 20-39 years of age and presymptomatic or asymptomatic at virus transmission.

  40. Factors affecting mothers' intentions to visit healthcare facilities before hospitalisation of children with pneumonia in Biliran province, Philippines: a qualitative study. 国際誌 査読有り

    Mari Sato, Hitoshi Oshitani, Raita Tamaki, Nobuko Oyamada, Kineko Sato, Alkaff Raihana Nadra, Jhoys Landicho, Portia P Alday, Socorro P Lupisan, Veronica L Tallo

    BMJ open 10 (8) e036261 2020年8月26日

    DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2019-036261  

    詳細を見る 詳細を閉じる

    BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Despite a substantial reduction in the mortality rate of children under 5 years in the past 25 years, pneumonia remains the single-largest infectious cause of child deaths worldwide. This study explored the chronological order of visited healthcare facilities and practitioners, and the factors affecting mothers' intention to seek care before the hospitalisation of children with pneumonia. METHODS AND ANALYSIS: A qualitative research design was employed using theory of planned behaviour as a framework for the analysis. Using purposive sampling technique, 11 mothers, whose children under 5 years old were hospitalised with severe pneumonia, were recruited for individual semi-structured interviews. Their socio-demographic information was analysed using descriptive statistics. RESULTS: Mothers brought their sick children to multiple facilities, and 1 to 19 days had passed before hospitalisation. We identified four major factors determining mothers' intentions: (1) doing something useful for the sick child, (2) expecting the child to receive the necessary assessment and treatment, (3) accepting advice to visit a healthcare facility and be referred to a hospital and (4) considering issues and benefits associated with hospitalisation. Mothers noticed their children's unusual symptoms and monitored them while applying home remedies. They also took their children to traditional healers despite knowing that the treatments were not necessarily effective. Mothers expected children to be checked by health professionals and listened to advice from family members regarding the facilities to visit, and from healthcare staff to be referred to a hospital. Financial issues and the double burden of housework and caring for the hospitalised child were mothers' major concerns about hospitalisation. CONCLUSION: Children were hospitalised after several days because they visited multiple healthcare facilities, including traditional healers. Improving care quality at healthcare facilities and reducing financial and mothers' burden may reduce the hospitalisation delay for children with pneumonia.

  41. Individual-based dengue virus surveillance in Aedes aegypti mosquitoes collected concurrently with suspected patients in Tarlac City, Philippines 査読有り

    Jean Claude Balingit, Thaddeus M. Carvajal, Mariko Saito-Obata, Maribet Gamboa, Amalea Dulcene Nicolasora, Ava Kristy Sy, Hitoshi Oshitani, Kozo Watanabe

    2020年8月11日

    出版者・発行元:Research Square

    DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-56950/v1  

    詳細を見る 詳細を閉じる

    <title>Abstract</title> Background Dengue virus (DENV) infection continues to be a major public health concern throughout tropical and subtropical regions of the world where Aedes aegypti mosquitoes, its primary vector, dwell. In the context of DENV transmission, effective control is reliant not only on knowledge of mosquito abundance, but also on mosquito infection. In the 2015 dengue season, we conducted a one-month entomological surveillance of adult Aedes aegypti mosquitoes around households of suspected dengue patients in Tarlac City, Philippines to assess the DENV infection rate in the local mosquito population, and to identify the DENV genotypes and serotypes concurrently co-circulating in mosquitoes and patients. Methods We performed a one-step multiplex real-time RT-PCR assay for the simultaneous detection and serotyping of DENV in patients and in individual female Aedes aegypti mosquito. Consequently, we performed sequencing and phylogenetic analyses to further characterize the detected DENVs in mosquitoes and patients at the genotype level. Results We collected a total of 583 adult Aedes aegypti mosquitoes, of which we tested 359 female mosquitoes individually for the presence of the DENV. Ten mosquitoes (2.8%) from amongst 359 female mosquitoes were confirmed to be positive for the presence of the DENV. We detected DENV-1, DENV-2, and DENV-4 in the field-collected mosquitoes, which were consistent with the serotypes concurrently infecting patients. Sequencing and phylogenetic analyses of the detected DENVs based on the partial envelope ( E ) gene revealed three genotypes concurrently present in the sampled mosquitoes and patients during the study period, namely: DENV-1 genotype IV, DENV-2 Cosmopolitan genotype and DENV-4 genotype II. Notably, we observed a random geographic distribution of DENVs in the study area suggesting the occurrence of active DENV transmission within and outside the vicinities of Tarlac City. Conclusions In this study, we demonstrate the utility of an individual-based DENV surveillance in field-collected mosquitoes and the importance of incorporating mosquito virus data in phylogenetic studies. Analyzing virus sequences from vector and host could potentially improve our understanding of the dynamics of DENV transmission.

  42. Association between Numbers of "Imported Cases" and "Reported Cases in a Source Country" of COVID-19: January to April 2020 in Japan. 国際誌 査読有り

    Yuki Furuse, Hitoshi Oshitani

    The Journal of infection 81 (2) e153-e154 2020年8月

    DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2020.06.005  

  43. Cluster-based approach to Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) response in Japan-February-April 2020. 査読有り

    Hitoshi Oshitani

    Japanese journal of infectious diseases 73 (6) 491-493 2020年6月30日

    DOI: 10.7883/yoken.JJID.2020.363  

  44. Health-seeking practices of caregivers and determinants in responding to acute respiratory infection episodes in Biliran Island, Philippines

    Mark Donald C Reñosa, Alvin G Tan, Taro Kamigaki, Raita Tamaki, Jhoys M Landicho, Portia P Alday, Veronica L Tallo, Hitoshi Oshitani

    Journal of Global Health Reports 4 2020年4月10日

    出版者・発行元:Inishmore Laser Scientific Publishing Ltd

    DOI: 10.29392/001c.12254  

    eISSN:2399-1623

  45. Are high-performing health systems resilient against the COVID-19 epidemic? 国際誌 査読有り

    Helena Legido-Quigley, Nima Asgari, Yik Ying Teo, Gabriel M Leung, Hitoshi Oshitani, Keiji Fukuda, Alex R Cook, Li Yang Hsu, Kenji Shibuya, David Heymann

    Lancet (London, England) 395 (10227) 848-850 2020年3月14日

    DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30551-1  

  46. Fluctuations in Antibody Titers against Enterovirus D68 in Pediatric Sera Collected in a Community before, during, and after a Possible Outbreak. 査読有り

    Francois Marie Ngako Kadji, Hidekazu Nishimura, Michiko Okamoto, Ko Sato, Suguru Ohmiya, Hiroko Ito, Akira Suzuki, Yukio Nagai, Hitoshi Oshitani

    Japanese journal of infectious diseases 73 (1) 55-57 2020年1月23日

    DOI: 10.7883/yoken.JJID.2019.056  

    ISSN:1344-6304

    詳細を見る 詳細を閉じる

    We previously reported a hospital-based epidemiological study on enterovirus (EV)-D68 infection among children during the autumn of 2015, which indirectly inferred an outbreak in Sendai, Japan. In this study, stocked sera of children (aged 0-6 years; without symptoms of infectious diseases) in the Sendai community collected during 4 periods (1 year before, 6 months before, immediately after, and 1 year after the possible outbreak period) were analyzed using the neutralization antibody titer assay to determine community children's immunity levels against EV-D68 infection. The immunity levels were confirmed to have increased during the possible outbreak period and to have gradually waned over 1 year without another outbreak. These results provide background information supporting the results of our previous hospital-based surveillance study.

  47. Environmental Presence and Genetic Characteristics of Carbapenemase-Producing Enterobacteriaceae from Hospital Sewage and River Water in the Philippines. 国際誌 査読有り

    Yuki Suzuki, Pearl Joy Nazareno, Ryuichi Nakano, Melisa Mondoy, Akiyo Nakano, Mark Philip Bugayong, Josie Bilar, Mauricio Perez 5th, Emarld Julian Medina, Mariko Saito-Obata, Mayuko Saito, Kazutoshi Nakashima, Hitoshi Oshitani, Hisakazu Yano

    Applied and environmental microbiology 86 (2) 2020年1月7日

    DOI: 10.1128/AEM.01906-19  

    ISSN:0099-2240

    詳細を見る 詳細を閉じる

    This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence and genetic characteristics of carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (CPE) in hospital sewage and river water in the Philippines, which has a typical tropical maritime climate. We collected 83 water samples from 7 hospital sewage and 10 river water sites. CPE were identified using CHROMagar mSuperCARBA, and Gram-negative strains were identified using matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) or 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Resistance genes in Enterobacteriaceae strains were identified using PCR and DNA sequencing, and transferability of carbapenemase genes from the CPE was investigated with conjugation experiments. Genotyping was performed using multilocus sequence typing (MLST) for Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae Out of 124 Enterobacteriaceae isolates, we identified 51 strains as CPE and divided these into 7 species, 11 E. coli, 14 Klebsiella spp., 15 Enterobacter spp., and 11 others, including 4 additional species. Conjugation experiments via broth mating and using E. coli J53 revealed that 24 isolates can transfer carbapenemase-encoding plasmids. MLST analysis showed that 6 of 11 E. coli isolates belonged to clonal complex 10 (CC10). Of 11 K. pneumoniae strains, 9 unique sequence types (STs) were identified, including ST147. Five types of carbapenemase genes were identified, with the most prevalent being NDM (n = 39), which is epidemic in clinical settings in the Philippines. E. coli CC10 and K. pneumoniae ST147, which are often detected in clinical settings, were the dominant strains. In summary, our results indicate that hospital sewage and river water are contaminated by CPE strains belonging to clinically important clonal groups.IMPORTANCE Carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (CPE) cause severe health care-associated infections, and their increasing prevalence is a serious concern. Recently, natural ecosystems have been recognized as important reservoirs of antibiotic resistance genes. We investigated the prevalence and genetic characteristics of CPE isolated from the environment (hospital sewage and river water) in the Philippines and found several CPE, including Escherichia coli and other species, with different carbapenemases. The most prevalent carbapenemase gene type was NDM, which is endemic in clinical settings. This study revealed that isolates belonging to carbapenemase-producing E. coli CC10 and K. pneumoniae sequence type 147 (ST147), which are often detected in clinical settings, were dominant in the natural environment. Our work here provides a report on the presence and characteristics of CPE in the environment in the Philippines and demonstrates that both hospital sewage and river water are contaminated by CPE strains belonging to clinically important clonal groups.

  48. Receptor-Binding Assays of Enterovirus D68. 国際誌 招待有り 査読有り

    Tadatsugu Imamura, Michiko Okamoto, Hitoshi Oshitani

    Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) 2132 629-639 2020年

    DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-0430-4_54  

    詳細を見る 詳細を閉じる

    Human enterovirus D68 (EV-D68) is a causative agent for acute respiratory infections and potentially central nervous system illnesses with increasing epidemiological significance. Recent studies have highlighted the role of sialic acids as a functional receptor for EV-D68 in vitro. However, further investigations are required to reveal its significance in actual infections in human.

  49. Development of a novel in vitro assay to evaluate environmental water using an IL-8 reporter cell line. 国際誌

    Yutaka Kimura, Chizu Fujimura, Toshifumi Imagawa, Socorro P Lupisan, Mariko Saito-Obata, Mayuko Saito, Hitoshi Oshitani, Setsuya Aiba

    EXCLI journal 19 1054-1063 2020年

    DOI: 10.17179/excli2020-2104  

    詳細を見る 詳細を閉じる

    The IL-8 luciferase reporter cell line, THP-G8 cells, used in the in vitro sensitization test, OECD442E, can respond to a variety of stimuli other than haptens, such as lipopolysaccharide (LPS), other bacterial toxins, and detergents. Considering these characteristics, we examined the ability of the IL-8 luciferase assay using THP-G8 cells to evaluate water pollution. We first stimulated THP-G8 cell with various Toll-like receptor (TLR) agonists and nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor (NLR) agonists, and found that TLR1, 2, 4, 5, 6 agonists and NOD 1, 2 agonists significantly augmented IL-8 luciferase activity (IL8LA). Then, we examined the detection threshold of LPS by THP-G8 cells, and found it 0.4 EU/ml. Next, we examined whether THP-G8 cells can differently respond to a variety of sources of environmental water around Sendai, Japan and Manila, Philippine and whether there is a correlation between the IL8LA of different sources of water and their level of endotoxin assessed by the LAL assay. There was a clear trend that the IL8LA was lower in the upper stream and higher in the downstream in both Japan and Philippine. Moreover, there was a strong correlation between the IL8LA of the environmental water and its endotoxin level. Finally, using N-acetyl-L-cysteine, an antioxidant/radical scavenger, and polymyxin B that neutralizes endotoxin, we demonstrated that there was a difference in the suppressive effects by them between the water from Japan and that from Philippine. These data suggest the potential of the IL-8 luciferase assay for evaluating environmental water pollution both quantitatively and qualitatively.

  50. Viruses That Can and Cannot Coexist With Humans and the Future of SARS-CoV-2. 国際誌 査読有り

    Yuki Furuse, Hitoshi Oshitani

    Frontiers in microbiology 11 583252-583252 2020年

    DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.583252  

    詳細を見る 詳細を閉じる

    Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has become a worldwide pandemic. Many projections concerning the outbreak, such as the estimated number of cases and deaths in upcoming months, have been made available. However, what happens to the virus after the pandemic subsides has not been fully explored. In this article, we discuss the ways that past and present human viruses have emerged via zoonotic transmission, the mechanisms that they have acquired the ability for effective transmission among humans, the process to sustain a chain of transmission to coexist with humans, and the factors important for complete containment leading to eradication of viruses. These aspects of viral disease may provide clues for the future path that SARS-CoV-2 might take in relation to human infection.

  51. Potential underestimation of influenza virus burden in infants. 国際誌 査読有り

    Takeaki Imamura, Mayuko Saito, Hitoshi Oshitani

    The Lancet. Child & adolescent health 3 (11) 751-752 2019年11月

    DOI: 10.1016/S2352-4642(19)30278-0  

    ISSN:2352-4642

  52. Evolutionary and Functional Diversity of the 5' Untranslated Region of Enterovirus D68: Increased Activity of the Internal Ribosome Entry Site of Viral Strains during the 2010s. 国際誌 査読有り

    Yuki Furuse, Natthawan Chaimongkol, Michiko Okamoto, Hitoshi Oshitani

    Viruses 11 (7) 2019年7月8日

    DOI: 10.3390/v11070626  

    詳細を見る 詳細を閉じる

    The 5' untranslated region (UTR) of the RNA genomes of enteroviruses possesses an internal ribosome entry site (IRES) that directs translation of the mRNA by binding to ribosomes. Infection with enterovirus D68 causes respiratory symptoms and is sometimes associated with neurological disorders. The number of reports of the viral infection and neurological disorders has increased in 2010s, although the reason behind this phenomenon remains unelucidated. In this study, we investigated the evolutionary and functional diversity of the 5' UTR of recently circulating strains of the virus. Genomic sequences of 374 viral strains were acquired and subjected to phylogenetic analysis. The IRES activity of the viruses was measured using a luciferase reporter assay. We found a highly conserved sequence in the 5' UTR and also identified the location of variable sites in the predicted RNA secondary structure. IRES activities differed among the strains in some cell lines, including neuronal and respiratory cells, and were especially high in strains of a major lineage from the recent surge. The effect of mutations in the 5' UTR should be studied further in the future for better understanding of viral pathogenesis.

  53. Age-specific incidence rates and risk factors for respiratory syncytial virus-associated lower respiratory tract illness in cohort children under 5 years old in the Philippines. 国際誌 査読有り

    Fumihiko Ueno, Raita Tamaki, Mayuko Saito, Michiko Okamoto, Mariko Saito-Obata, Taro Kamigaki, Akira Suzuki, Edelwisa Segubre-Mercado, Hananiah D Aloyon, Veronica Tallo, Socorro P Lupisan, Hitoshi Oshitani

    Influenza and other respiratory viruses 13 (4) 339-353 2019年7月

    DOI: 10.1111/irv.12639  

    ISSN:1750-2640

    詳細を見る 詳細を閉じる

    BACKGROUND: Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is one of the main viral causes of lower respiratory tract illness (LRTI), especially in young children. RSV vaccines, including maternal and infant vaccines, are under development; however, more epidemiological studies are needed to develop effective vaccination strategies. OBJECTIVES: To estimate detailed age-specific incidence rates and severity of RSV-associated LRTI (RSV-LRTI) using data from a community-based prospective cohort study in the Philippines. PATIENTS/METHODS: Cohort children who visited health facilities due to acute respiratory symptoms were identified, and nasopharyngeal swabs were collected to detect RSV. The severity of RSV-LRTI was assessed using the severity definition proposed by the World Health Organization. Risk factors for developing RSV-LRTI and contribution of SpO2 measurement were also evaluated. RESULTS: A total of 395 RSV episodes which occurred in children aged 2-59 months were categorised as 183 RSV-LRTI, 72 as severe RSV-LRTI and 29 as very severe RSV-LRTI. Children aged 3-5 months had the highest incidence rate of RSV-LRTI, at 207.4 per 1000 child-years (95% CI: 149.0-279.5). Younger age group, place of living and low educational level of caregivers were associated with developing RSV-LRTI. Clinical manifestations had low levels of agreement with hypoxaemia as measured by pulse oximeter. CONCLUSION: The highest burden of RSV was observed in young infants aged 3-5 months, whereas the burden was also high in those aged 12-20 months. Future vaccination strategies should consider the protection of older children, especially those aged one year, as well as young infants.

  54. The association between consuming bivalves, and acute gastroenteritis and norovirus in Tokyo, Japan. 国際誌 査読有り

    Daiki Kobayashi, Mayuko Saito, Yuji Heike, Kyoko Yokota, Hiroko Arioka, Hitoshi Oshitani

    Journal of medical virology 91 (6) 986-996 2019年6月

    DOI: 10.1002/jmv.25416  

    ISSN:0146-6615

    詳細を見る 詳細を閉じる

    A prospective matched case-control study was conducted to evaluate associations between dietary histories, including consumption of bivalves, diarrhea, and norovirus positive diarrhea in adult ambulatory patients at an outpatient clinic of a hospital in Tokyo, Japan. Ambulatory cases with diarrhea were matched with nondiarrheal control patients, who visited the same clinic. A standardized questionnaire was used to obtain patients' information, including histories of food consumption and clinical information. Norovirus infection was confirmed using real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. A total of 207 patients, including 69 diarrheal cases and 138 nondiarrheal cases were included in the analysis. Among them, 60 (29.0%) participants reported consuming bivalves. Norovirus was detected in 35% (24/69) of diarrheal cases. Of those, 10 (41.7%) reported consumption of bivalves and of those, 6 (60.0%) consumed raw bivalves. The proportion of those who consumed raw bivalves was significantly higher in norovirus-positive diarrheal cases than in norovirus-negative diarrheal cases (25.0% vs 6.7%; odds ratio [OR], 4.67; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.1-20.7) and matched nondiarrheal controls (25.0% vs 6.3%, OR: 5.00; 95% CI, 1.1-22.2). The attributable fraction of consuming raw bivalves for norovirus-associated diarrhea to matched nondiarrheal controls was 20.0%. Consuming raw bivalves was substantially attributed to norovirus-associated diarrhea in adult ambulatory patients and preventive measures for reducing the risk associated with consumption of raw bivalves could decrease the incidence of norovirus-associated diarrhea.

  55. Molecular characterization of enterovirus-A71 in children with acute flaccid paralysis in the Philippines. 国際誌 査読有り

    Lea Necitas Apostol, Hiroyuki Shimizu, Akira Suzuki, Rifqiyah Nur Umami, Maria Melissa Ann Jiao, Amado Tandoc 3rd, Mariko Saito, Socorro Lupisan, Hitoshi Oshitani

    BMC infectious diseases 19 (1) 370-370 2019年5月2日

    DOI: 10.1186/s12879-019-3955-x  

    詳細を見る 詳細を閉じる

    BACKGROUND: Several inactivated enterovirus-A71 (EV-A71) vaccines are currently licensed in China; however, the development of additional EV-A71 vaccines is ongoing, necessitating extensive analysis of the molecular epidemiology of the virus worldwide. Until 2012, laboratory confirmation of EV-A71 for hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) and other associated diseases had not occurred in the Philippines. Because EV-A71 has been linked with cases of acute flaccid paralysis (AFP), AFP surveillance is one strategy for documenting its possible circulation in the country. To expand current knowledge on EV-A71, molecular epidemiologic analysis and genetic characterization of EV-A71 isolates were performed in this study. METHODS: A retrospective study was performed to identify and characterize nonpolio enteroviruses (NPEVs) associated with AFP in the Philippines, and nine samples were found to be EV-A71-positive. Following characterization of these EV-A71 isolates, the complete viral protein 1 (VP1) gene was targeted for phylogenetic analysis. RESULTS: Nine EV-A71 isolates detected in 2000 (n = 2), 2002 (n = 4), 2005 (n = 2), and 2010 (n = 1) were characterized using molecular methods. Genomic regions spanning the complete VP1 region were amplified and sequenced using specific primers. Phylogenetic analysis of the full-length VP1 region identified all nine EV-A71 Philippine isolates as belonging to the genogroup C lineage, specifically the C2 cluster. The result indicated a genetic linkage with several strains isolated in Japan and Taiwan, suggesting that strains in the C2 cluster identified in the Asia-Pacific region were circulating in the Philippines. CONCLUSION: The study presents the genetic analysis of EV-A71 in the Philippines. Despite some limitations, the study provides additional genetic data on the circulating EV-A71 strains in the Asia-Pacific region, in which information on EV-A71 molecular epidemiology is incomplete. Considering that EV-A71 has a significant public health impact in the region, knowledge of its circulation in each country is important, especially for formulating vaccines covering a wide variety of strains.

  56. Aetiology and risks factors associated with the fatal outcomes of childhood pneumonia among hospitalised children in the Philippines from 2008 to 2016: a case series study. 査読有り

    Dembele BPP, Kamigaki T, Dapat C, Tamaki R, Saito M, Saito M, Okamoto M, Igoy MAU, Mercado ES, Mondoy M, Tallo VL, Lupisan SP, Egawa S, Oshitani H

    BMJ open 9 (3) e026895 2019年3月

    DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2018-026895  

  57. Transmission of Respiratory Syncytial Virus Among Children Under 5 Years in Households of Rural Communities, the Philippines. 査読有り

    Otomaru H, Kamigaki T, Tamaki R, Okamoto M, Alday PP, Tan AG, Manalo JI, Segubre-Mercado E, Inobaya MT, Tallo V, Lupisan S, Oshitani H

    Open forum infectious diseases 6 (3) ofz045 2019年3月

    出版者・発行元:None

    DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofz045  

    eISSN:2328-8957

  58. Indonesian Hajj Cohorts and Mortality in Saudi Arabia from 2004 to 2011. 国際誌 査読有り

    Masdalina Pane, Fiona Yin Mei Kong, Tri Bayu Purnama, Kathryn Glass, Sholah Imari, Gina Samaan, Hitoshi Oshitani

    Journal of epidemiology and global health 9 (1) 11-18 2019年3月

    DOI: 10.2991/jegh.k.181231.001  

    ISSN:2210-6006

    詳細を見る 詳細を閉じる

    The Hajj is an annual pilgrimage that 1-2 million Muslims undertake in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA), which is the largest mass gathering event in the world, as the world's most populous Muslim nation, Indonesia holds the largest visa quota for the Hajj. All Hajj pilgrims under the quota system are registered in the Indonesian government's Hajj surveillance database to ensure adherence to the KSA authorities' health requirements. Performance of the Hajj and its rites are physically demanding, which may present health risks. This report provides a descriptive overview of mortality in Indonesian pilgrims from 2004 to 2011. The mortality rate from 2004 to 2011 ranged from 149 to 337 per 100,000 Hajj pilgrims, equivalent to the actual number of deaths ranging between 501 and 531 cases. The top two mortality causes were attributable to diseases of the circulatory and respiratory systems. Older pilgrims or pilgrims with comorbidities should be encouraged to take a less physically demanding route in the Hajj. All pilgrims should be educated on health risks and seek early health advice from the mobile medical teams provided.

  59. Distribution of norovirus and sapovirus genotypes with emergence of NoV GII.P16/GII.2 recombinant strains in Chiang Mai, Thailand. 国際誌 査読有り

    Kanittapon Supadej, Pattara Khamrin, Kattareeya Kumthip, Rungnapa Malasao, Natthawan Chaimongkol, Mayuko Saito, Hitoshi Oshitani, Hiroshi Ushijima, Niwat Maneekarn

    Journal of medical virology 91 (2) 215-224 2019年2月

    DOI: 10.1002/jmv.25261  

    ISSN:0146-6615

    詳細を見る 詳細を閉じる

    Norovirus (NoV) and sapovirus (SaV) are recognized as the causative agents of acute gastroenteritis, and NoV is one of the leading pathogens reported worldwide. This study reports on the distribution of NoV and SaV genotypes in children hospitalized with acute gastroenteritis in Chiang Mai, Thailand, from January 2015 to February 2017. From a total of 843 stool samples, 170 (20.2%) and 16 (1.9%) were identified as having NoV and SaV infections, respectively. Two samples (0.2%) were positive for both NoV and SaV. Of these, NoV GII.4 (57.2%) was the dominant genotype, followed by GII.2, GII.3, GII.17, GII.6, GII.7, GII.13, GII.14, GII.15, GII.21, GI.6, and GI.5. Among the NoV GII.4 variants, Sydney 2012 was the dominant variant during the period 2015-2016, while the other variants detected in this study were Asia 2003 and New Orleans 2009. Interestingly, an increase of NoV GII.2 was observed in 2016 and 2017. Characterization of partial RNA-dependent RNA polymerase and VP1 nucleotide sequences of GII.2 strains revealed that more than half of the GII.2 strains circulating in 2016 and 2017 were recombinant strains of GII.P16/GII.2. For SaV, the majority of strains belonged to GI.1 (55.6%) and GI.2 (33.3%), while GII.5 accounted for 11.1%. In conclusion, this study demonstrates the diversity of NoV and SaV, and the emergence of NoV GII.P16/GII.2 recombinant strains in 2016 and 2017 in Chiang Mai, Thailand.

  60. Detection of Subgenotype IA and IIIA Hepatitis A Viruses  in Rivers Flowing through Metro Manila, the Philippines. 査読有り

    Bai H, Shiota T, Yoshizaki S, Saito-Obata M, Malbas FF Jr, Lupisan SP, Oshitani H, Takeda N, Muramatsu M, Wakita T, Ishii K, Li TC

    Japanese journal of infectious diseases 72 (1) 53-55 2019年1月23日

    DOI: 10.7883/yoken.JJID.2018.148  

    ISSN:1344-6304

  61. Association Between Preceding Viral Respiratory Infection and Subsequent Respiratory Illnesses Among Children: A Prospective Cohort Study in the Philippines. 国際誌 査読有り

    Yuki Furuse, Raita Tamaki, Michiko Okamoto, Mariko Saito-Obata, Akira Suzuki, Mayuko Saito, Tadatsugu Imamura, Irona Khandaker, Isolde Dapat, Fumihiko Ueno, Portia Parian Alday, Alvin Gue Tan, Marianette Tawat Inobaya, Edelwisa Segubre-Mercado, Veronica Tallo, Socorro Lupisan, Hitoshi Oshitani

    The Journal of infectious diseases 219 (2) 197-205 2019年1月7日

    DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiy515  

    ISSN:0022-1899

    詳細を見る 詳細を閉じる

    Background: Acute respiratory infection (ARI) is of great concern in public health. It remains unclear whether viral infections can affect the host's susceptibility to subsequent ARIs. Methods: A prospective cohort study on ARIs of children below 5 years old was conducted in the Philippines from 2014 to 2016. The respiratory symptoms were recorded daily, and nasopharyngeal swabs were collected at both household and health facilities. The specimens were tested for respiratory viruses. We then determined whether viral etiology was associated with the severity of the present ARI and whether previous viral infections was associated with subsequent ARIs. Results: A total of 3851 children and 16337 ARI episodes were enrolled and recorded, respectively. Samples were collected from 24% of all ARI episodes; collection rate at the healthcare facilities was 95%. Enterovirus D68, rhinovirus species C, and respiratory syncytial virus were significantly associated with severe ARIs. The risk for subsequent ARIs was significantly enhanced after infections with adenovirus, influenza A virus, parainfluenza virus type 4, and rhinovirus species C. Conclusions: This study revealed that viral etiology plays a significant role in the severity of the present ARI and that viral infection affects the host's susceptibility to subsequent ARIs.

  62. Use of antibiotics for common illnesses among children aged under 5 years in a rural community in Indonesia: a cross-sectional study. 査読有り

    Alkaff RN, Kamigaki T, Saito M, Ariyanti F, Iriani DU, Oshitani H

    Tropical medicine and health 47 45-45 2019年

    DOI: 10.1186/s41182-019-0173-6  

    ISSN:1348-8945

  63. Complete Genome Sequences of 12 Human Respiratory Syncytial Virus (Human Orthopneumovirus) Strains Detected in Children with Repeated Subgroup B Infections in the Philippines. 国際誌 査読有り

    Michiko Okamoto, Masahiro Sakamoto, Clyde Dapat, Mayuko Saito, Mariko Saito-Obata, Raita Tamaki, Socorro P Lupisan, Hitoshi Oshitani

    Microbiology resource announcements 7 (22) 2018年12月

    DOI: 10.1128/MRA.01017-18  

    詳細を見る 詳細を閉じる

    Complete genome sequences were determined for 12 human respiratory syncytial virus strains collected from nasopharyngeal samples obtained from children with repeated subgroup B infections. Eight common amino acid polymorphisms in the G, F, and L proteins were identified between the viruses detected in initial and subsequent infections.

  64. Etiology and epidemiology of community-acquired pneumonia in adults requiring hospital admission: a prospective study in rural Central Philippines. 国際誌 査読有り

    Lupisan S, Suzuki A, Macalalad N, Egos R, Sombrero L, Okamoto M, Dapat C, Mondoy M, Galang H, Zeta VFF, de la Pena F, Romano V, Olveda R, Oshitani H

    International journal of infectious diseases : IJID : official publication of the International Society for Infectious Diseases 80 46-53 2018年12月

    DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2018.12.005  

    ISSN:1201-9712

  65. Father's roles and perspectives on healthcare seeking for children with pneumonia: findings of a qualitative study in a rural community of the Philippines. 査読有り

    Sato M, Oshitani H, Tamaki R, Oyamada N, Sato K, Nadra AR, Landicho J, Alday PP, Lupisan S, Tallo VL

    BMJ open 8 (11) e023857-e023857 2018年11月

    出版者・発行元:None

    DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2018-023857  

    ISSN:2044-6055

    eISSN:2044-6055

  66. Molecular Characterization of Respiratory Syncytial Virus in Children With Repeated Infections With Subgroup B in the Philippines. 国際誌 査読有り

    Michiko Okamoto, Clyde P Dapat, Ann Marie D Sandagon, Leilanie P Batangan-Nacion, Irene C Lirio, Raita Tamaki, Mayuko Saito, Mariko Saito-Obata, Socorro P Lupisan, Hitoshi Oshitani

    The Journal of infectious diseases 218 (7) 1045-1053 2018年8月24日

    DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiy256  

    ISSN:0022-1899

    詳細を見る 詳細を閉じる

    Background: Human respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the leading cause of severe acute respiratory infection in infants and young children, which is characterized by repeated infections. However, the role of amino acid substitutions in repeated infections remains unclear. Hence, this study aimed to elucidate the genetic characteristics of RSV in children with repeated infections using molecular analyses of F and G genes. Methods: We conducted a cohort study of children younger than 5 years in the Philippines. We collected nasopharyngeal swabs from children with acute respiratory symptoms and compared F and G sequences between initial and subsequent RSV infections. Results: We examined 1802 children from May 2014 to January 2016 and collected 3471 samples. Repeated infections were observed in 25 children, including 4 with homologous RSV-B reinfections. Viruses from the 4 pairs of homologous reinfections had amino acid substitutions in the G protein mostly at O-glycosylation sites, whereas changes in the F protein were identified at antigenic sites V (L173S) and θ (Q209K), considered essential epitopes for the prefusion conformation of the F protein. Conclusions: Amino acid substitutions in G and F proteins of RSV-B might have led to antigenic changes, potentially contributing to homologous reinfections observed in this study.

  67. Comprehensive etiological and epidemiological study on acute respiratory infections in children: Providing evidence for the prevention and control of childhood plneumonia in the Philippines

    Raita Tamaki, Raita Tamaki, Veronica L. Tallo, Alvin G. Tan, Mark Donal, C. Reñosa, Portia P. Alday, Jhoys M. Landicho, Marianette T. Inobaya, Mayuko Saito, Taro Kamigaki, Michiko Okamoto, Mariko Saito, Clyde Dapat, Bindongo, P.P. Dembele, Mary Lorraine, S. Mationg, Melisa U. Mondoy, Socorro P. Lupisan, Hitoshi Oshitani

    Journal of Disaster Research 13 (4) 740-750 2018年8月1日

    出版者・発行元:None

    DOI: 10.20965/jdr.2018.p0740  

    ISSN:1881-2473

    eISSN:1883-8030

    詳細を見る 詳細を閉じる

    © 2018, Fuji Technology Press. All rights reserved. Childhood pneumonia has been the leading cause of morbidity and mortality for decades. Although substantial progress in the understanding of risk factors and etiology of pneumonia has been made, childhood pneumonia remains the major cause of death in children, accounting for 900,000 of the estimated 6.3 million child deaths worldwide in 2013. More than 90% of all episodes of clinical childhood pneumonia worldwide occur in low and middle-income countries. More effective and feasible interventions need to be developed and made widely available for such countries, including the Philippines. Comprehensive research, including etiological and epidemiological studies for assessments of risk factors and thereby, intervention studies to reduce the impact of childhood pneumonia are required in hospital settings, as well as community settings, consistently. A research project entitled “comprehensive etiological and epidemiological study on acute respiratory infections in children: providing evidence for the prevention and control of childhood pneumonia, the Philippines” was conducted under SATREPS (Science and Technology Research Partnership for Sustainable Development), which is a funding scheme to promote international joint research focusing on global issues. This project was implemented in four sentinel hospitals, with some community settings, in the Philippines between April 2011 and March 2017, incorporating five sub-components: etiological study, disease burden study, risk factor analysis, intervention study, and its evaluation. In this paper, we introduce the research project of SATREPS focusing on the methodologies, progress, and obtained evidence.

  68. Epidemiology of Sapovirus Infections in a Birth Cohort in Peru. 国際誌

    Gerardo J Sánchez, Holger Mayta, Monica J Pajuelo, Karen Neira, Liu Xiaofang, Lilia Cabrera, Sarah Blythe Ballard, Jean E Crabtree, Dermot Kelleher, Vitaliano Cama, Caryn Bern, Hitoshi Oshitani, Robert H Gilman, Mayuko Saito

    Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America 66 (12) 1858-1863 2018年6月1日

    DOI: 10.1093/cid/cix1103  

    ISSN:1058-4838

    詳細を見る 詳細を閉じる

    Background: Sapovirus is one of the primary viral causes of acute gastroenteritis (AGE), especially where rotavirus vaccination has been implemented. The characteristics and impact of natural infection at the community level, however, have not been well documented. Methods: Stool samples were analyzed from 100 children randomly selected from a community-based birth cohort study in Peru. All diarrheal and 1 nondiarrheal stools collected trimonthly from children up to age 2 years (n = 1669) were tested for sapovirus detection. Viral shedding duration was determined by testing additional weekly samples (n = 440) collected before and after a sapovirus-positive sample. Results: The incidence of sapovirus infection in the first and second years of life was 4.3 and 11.1 per 100 child-months, respectively. By age 2 years, 82% of children had at least 1 sapovirus infection, and 64% had at least 1 sapovirus-associated diarrhea episode. The median shedding period was 18.5 days. In 112 of 175 infections, 14 genotypes from 4 genogroups (GI, GII, GIV, and GV) were determined. Among genogroups, GI were more frequently found in symptomatic infections than in asymptomatic infections (odds ratio, 3.1; 95% confidence interval, 1.3-7.4). Fifty-nine children had serial sapovirus infections, but only 3 had repeated infection of the same genotype. Conclusions: Sapovirus was frequently detected in children with AGE at the community level during the first 2 years of life. Serial sapovirus infections by multiple genotypes in a child suggest genotype-specific immunity from each infection, which needs to be taken into account for vaccine development.

  69. Concurrent Community Transmission of Enterovirus D68 With Human Rhinoviruses and Respiratory Syncytial Virus Among Children in Sendai, Japan. 査読有り

    Metoki T, Okamoto M, Suzuki A, Kitaoka S, Miyabayashi H, Rokugo Y, Onuma R, Noguchi R, Sato T, Watanabe Y, Ohmiya S, Sato K, Nishimura H, Oshitani H, Kumaki S

    The Pediatric infectious disease journal 37 (5) 394-400 2018年5月

    DOI: 10.1097/INF.0000000000001768  

    ISSN:0891-3668

  70. Complete Genome Sequences of 13 Human Respiratory Syncytial Virus Subgroup A Strains of Genotypes NA1 and ON1 Isolated in the Philippines. 国際誌 査読有り

    Rungnapa Malasao, Yuki Furuse, Michiko Okamoto, Clyde Dapat, Mayuko Saito, Mariko Saito-Obata, Raita Tamaki, Edelwisa Segubre-Mercado, Socorro Lupisan, Hitoshi Oshitani

    Genome announcements 6 (10) 2018年3月8日

    DOI: 10.1128/genomeA.00151-18  

    詳細を見る 詳細を閉じる

    Complete genome sequences of 13 human respiratory syncytial virus strains were determined from samples obtained from children hospitalized in the Philippines between 2012 and 2013 because of acute respiratory infection. We identified amino acid polymorphisms between the NA1 and ON1 genotypes in the P, G, F, and L proteins.

  71. フィリピンの小児呼吸器疾患症例におけるエンテロウイルスD68の疫学的・臨床的解析 査読有り

    齊藤 麻理子[小畑], 岡本 道子, 齊藤 繭子, Chaimongkol Natthawan, 玉記 雷太, Lupisan Socorro, 押谷 仁

    グローバルヘルス合同大会プログラム・抄録集 2017 314-314 2017年11月

    出版者・発行元:グローバルヘルス合同大会事務局

  72. Complete Coding Genome Sequences of Uncommon GII.8 Sapovirus Strains Identified in Diarrhea Samples Collected from Peruvian Children. 国際誌

    Emmanuel Kagning Tsinda, Rungnapa Malasao, Yuki Furuse, Robert H Gilman, Xiaofang Liu, Sonia Apaza, Susan Espetia, Vitaliano Cama, Hitoshi Oshitani, Mayuko Saito

    Genome announcements 5 (43) 2017年10月26日

    DOI: 10.1128/genomeA.01137-17  

    詳細を見る 詳細を閉じる

    We report here two complete coding genome sequences of novel genotype GII.8 sapovirus strains identified in diarrhea samples collected from two Peruvian children. The complete coding genome sequences of both GII.8 variants were determined using the Sanger sequencing method.

  73. Global respiratory syncytial virus-associated mortality in young children (RSV GOLD): a retrospective case series 査読有り

    Nienke M. Scheltema, Angela Gentile, Florencia Lucion, D. James Nokes, Patrick K. Munywoki, Shabir A. Madhi, Michelle J. Groome, Cheryl Cohen, Jocelyn Moyes, Kentigern Thorburn, Somsak Thamthitiwat, Hitoshi Oshitani, Socorro P. Lupisan, Aubree Gordon, Jose F. Sanchez, Katherine L. O'Brien, Bradford D. Gessner, Agustinus Sutanto, Asuncion Mejias, Octavio Ramilo, Najwa Khuri-Bulos, Natasha Halasa, Fernanda de-Paris, Marcia Rosane Pires, Michael C. Spaeder, Bosco A. Paes, Eric A. F. Simoes, Ting F. Leung, Maria Tereza da Costa Oliveira, Carla Cecilia de Freitas Lazaro Emediato, Quique Bassat, Warwick Butt, Hsin Chi, Uzma Bashir Aamir, Asad Ali, Marilla G. Lucero, Rodrigo A. Fasce, Olga Lopez, Barbara A. Rath, Fernando P. Polack, Jesse Papenburg, Srdan Roglic, Hisato Ito, Edward A. Goka, Diederick E. Grobbee, Harish Nair, Louis J. Bont

    LANCET GLOBAL HEALTH 5 (10) E984-E991 2017年10月

    出版者・発行元:ELSEVIER SCI LTD

    DOI: 10.1016/S2214-109X(17)30344-3  

    ISSN:2214-109X

    詳細を見る 詳細を閉じる

    Background Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection is an important cause of pneumonia mortality in young children. However, clinical data for fatal RSV infection are scarce. We aimed to identify clinical and socioeconomic characteristics of children aged younger than 5 years with RSV-related mortality using individual patient data. Methods In this retrospective case series, we developed an online questionnaire to obtain individual patient data for clinical and socioeconomic characteristics of children aged younger than 5 years who died with community-acquired RSV infection between Jan 1, 1995, and Oct 31, 2015, through leading research groups for child pneumonia identified through a comprehensive literature search and existing research networks. For the literature search, we searched PubMed for articles published up to Feb 3, 2015, using the key terms "RSV", "respiratory syncytial virus", or "respiratory syncytial viral" combined with "mortality", "fatality", "death", "died", "deaths", or "CFR" for articles published in English. We invited researchers and clinicians identified to participate between Nov 1, 2014, and Oct 31, 2015. We calculated descriptive statistics for all variables. Findings We studied 358 children with RSV-related in-hospital death from 23 countries across the world, with data contributed from 31 research groups. 117 (33%) children were from low-income or lower middle-income countries, 77 (22%) were from upper middle-income countries, and 164 (46%) were from high-income countries. 190 (53%) were male. Data for comorbidities were missing for some children in low-income and middle-income countries. Available data showed that comorbidities were present in at least 33 (28%) children from low-income or lower middle-income countries, 36 (47%) from upper middle-income countries, and 114 (70%) from high-income countries. Median age for RSV-related deaths was 5.0 months (IQR 2.3-11.0) in low-income or lower middle-income countries, 4.0 years (2.0-10.0) in upper middle-income countries, and 7.0 years (3.6-16.8) in high-income countries. Interpretation This study is the first large case series of children who died with community-acquired RSV infection. A substantial proportion of children with RSV-related death had comorbidities. Our results show that perinatal immunisation strategies for children aged younger than 6 months could have a substantial impact on RSV-related child mortality in low-income and middle-income countries. Copyright (C) The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY 4.0 license.

  74. Global, regional, and national disease burden estimates of acute lower respiratory infections due to respiratory syncytial virus in young children in 2015: a systematic review and modelling study

    Ting Shi, David A. McAllister, Katherine L. O'Brien, Eric A. F. Simoes, Shabir A. Madhi, Bradford D. Gessner, Fernando P. Polack, Evelyn Balsells, Sozinho Acacio, Claudia Aguayo, Issifou Alassani, Asad Ali, Martin Antonio, Shally Awasthi, Juliet O. Awori, Eduardo Azziz-Baumgartner, Henry C. Baggett, Vicky L. Baillie, Angel Balmaseda, Alfredo Barahona, Sudha Basnet, Quique Bassat, Wilma Basualdo, Godfrey Bigogo, Louis Bont, Robert F. Breiman, W. Abdullah Brooks, Shobha Broor, Nigel Bruce, Dana Bruden, Philippe Buchy, Stuart Campbell, Phyllis Carosone-Link, Mandeep Chadha, James Chipeta, Monidarin Chou, Wilfrido Clara, Cheryl Cohen, Elizabeth de Cuellar, Duc-Anh Dang, Budragchaagiin Dash-yandag, Maria Deloria-Knoll, Mukesh Dherani, Tekchheng Eap, Bernard E. Ebruke, Marcela Echavarria, Carla Cecilia de Freitas Lazaro Emediato, Rodrigo A. Fasce, Daniel R. Feikin, Luzhao Feng, Angela Gentile, Aubree Gordon, Doli Goswami, Sophie Goyet, Michelle Groome, Natasha Halasa, Siddhivinayak Hirve, Nusrat Homaira, Stephen R. C. Howie, Jorge Jara, Imane Jroundi, Cissy B. Kartasasmita, Najwa Khuri-Bulos, Karen L. Kotloff, Anand Krishnan, Romina Libster, Olga Lopez, Marilla G. Lucero, Florencia Lucion, Socorro P. Lupisan, Debora N. Marcone, John P. McCracken, Mario Mejia, Jennifer C. Moisi, Joel M. Montgomery, David P. Moore, Cinta Moraleda, Jocelyn Moyes, Patrick Munywoki, Kuswandewi Mutyara, Mark P. Nicol, D. James Nokes, Pagbajabyn Nymadawa, Maria Tereza da Costa Oliveira, Hitoshi Oshitani, Nitin Pandey, Glaucia Paranhos-Baccala, Lia N. Phillips, Valentina Sanchez Picot, Mustafizur Rahman, Mala Rakoto-Andrianarivelo, Zeba A. Rasmussen, Barbara A. Rath, Annick Robinson, Candice Romero, Graciela Russomando, Vahid Salimi, Pongpun Sawatwong, Nienke Scheltema, Brunhilde Schweiger, J. Anthony G. Scott, Phil Seidenberg, Kunling Shen, Rosalyn Singleton, Viviana Sotomayor, Tor A. Strand, Agustinus Sutanto, Mariam Sylla, Milagritos D. Tapia, Somsak Thamthitiwat, Elizabeth D. Thomas, Rafal Tokarz, Claudia Turner, Marietjie Venter, Sunthareeya Waicharoen, Jianwei Wang, Wanitda Watthanaworawit, Lay-Myint Yoshida, Hongjie Yu, Heather J. Zar, Harry Campbell, Harish Nair

    LANCET 390 (10098) 946-958 2017年9月

    出版者・発行元:ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC

    DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(17)30938-8  

    ISSN:0140-6736

    eISSN:1474-547X

    詳細を見る 詳細を閉じる

    Background We have previously estimated that respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) was associated with 22% of all episodes of (severe) acute lower respiratory infection (ALRI) resulting in 55 000 to 199 000 deaths in children younger than 5 years in 2005. In the past 5 years, major research activity on RSV has yielded substantial new data from developing countries. With a considerably expanded dataset from a large international collaboration, we aimed to estimate the global incidence, hospital admission rate, and mortality from RSV-ALRI episodes in young children in 2015. Methods We estimated the incidence and hospital admission rate of RSV-associated ALRI (RSV-ALRI) in children younger than 5 years stratified by age and World Bank income regions from a systematic review of studies published between Jan 1, 1995, and Dec 31, 2016, and unpublished data from 76 high quality population-based studies. We estimated the RSV-ALRI incidence for 132 developing countries using a risk factor-based model and 2015 population estimates. We estimated the in-hospital RSV-ALRI mortality by combining in-hospital case fatality ratios with hospital admission estimates from hospital-based (published and unpublished) studies. We also estimated overall RSV-ALRI mortality by identifying studies reporting monthly data for ALRI mortality in the community and RSV activity. Findings We estimated that globally in 2015, 33.1 million (uncertainty range [UR] 21.6-50.3) episodes of RSV-ALRI, resulted in about 3.2 million (2.7-3.8) hospital admissions, and 59 600 (48 000-74 500) in-hospital deaths in children younger than 5 years. In children younger than 6 months, 1.4 million (UR 1.2-1.7) hospital admissions, and 27 300 (UR 20 700-36 200) in-hospital deaths were due to RSV-ALRI. We also estimated that the overall RSV-ALRI mortality could be as high as 118 200 (UR 94 600-149 400). Incidence and mortality varied substantially from year to year in any given population. Interpretation Globally, RSV is a common cause of childhood ALRI and a major cause of hospital admissions in young children, resulting in a substantial burden on health-care services. About 45% of hospital admissions and inhospital deaths due to RSV-ALRI occur in children younger than 6 months. An effective maternal RSV vaccine or monoclonal antibody could have a substantial effect on disease burden in this age group.

  75. Analysis of patient data from laboratories during the Ebola virus disease outbreak in Liberia, April 2014 to March 2015 査読有り

    Yuki Furuse, Mosoka Fallah, Hitoshi Oshitani, Ling Kituyi, Nuha Mahmoud, Emmanuel Musa, Alex Gasasira, Tolbert Nyenswah, Bernice Dahn, Luke Bawo

    PLOS NEGLECTED TROPICAL DISEASES 11 (7) 2017年7月

    出版者・発行元:PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE

    DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0005804  

    ISSN:1935-2735

    詳細を見る 詳細を閉じる

    An outbreak of Ebola virus disease (EVD) in Liberia began in March 2014 and ended in January 2016. Epidemiological information on the EVD cases was collected and managed nationally; however, collection and management of the data were challenging at the time because surveillance and reporting systems malfunctioned during the outbreak. EVD diagnostic laboratories, however, were able to register basic demographic and clinical information of patients more systematically. Here we present data on 16,370 laboratory samples that were tested between April 4, 2014 and March 29, 2015. A total of 10,536 traceable individuals were identified, of whom 3,897 were confirmed cases (positive for Ebola virus RNA). There were significant differences in sex, age, and place of residence between confirmed and suspected cases that tested negative for Ebola virus RNA. Age (young children and the elderly) and place of residence (rural areas) were the risk factors for death due to the disease. The case fatality rate of confirmed cases decreased from 80% to 63% during the study period. These findings may help support future investigations and lead to a fuller understanding of the outbreak in Liberia.

  76. Estimates of influenza and respiratory syncytial virus incidences with fraction modeling approach in Baguio City, the Philippines, 2012-2014 査読有り

    Taro Kamigaki, Portia P. Aldey, Edelwisa S. Mercado, Alvin G. Tan, Jenaline B. Javier, Socorro P. Lupisan, Hitoshi Oshitani, Veronica L. Tallo

    INFLUENZA AND OTHER RESPIRATORY VIRUSES 11 (4) 311-318 2017年7月

    出版者・発行元:WILEY

    DOI: 10.1111/irv.12453  

    ISSN:1750-2640

    eISSN:1750-2659

    詳細を見る 詳細を閉じる

    BackgroundEstimation of the incidences of influenza and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection is important for disease control. Previous estimate in the city showed a substantial burden of influenza in both outpatients and inpatients while it did not account for individuals who do not seek medical attention nor RSV. Patients/MethodsA total of 17674 influenza-like illness (ILI) and 13242 severe acute respiratory illness (SARI) cases were recruited, and samples were collected from 6267 and 2962 of ILI and SARI cases, respectively. RT-PCR assays were performed to detect influenza and RSV in the samples. A health-seeking behavior survey was conducted from February 2014 to April 2014 to estimate the fraction of infected individuals who did not seek medical attention between rainy and dry season. ResultsAverage influenza and RSV incidence rates in outpatients were 1.6 and 1.4 per 1000 individuals, respectively, and the highest incidence rate for both viruses was found in the of 6-23month age group. Average influenza and RSV hospitalization incidence rates were 1.7 and 1.9 per 1000 individuals, respectively. Further, we estimated that the incidence rates of influenza and RSV in individuals who did not seek medical attention were threefold and 1.6-fold those in the medically attended population. ConclusionsRespiratory syncytial virus and influenza pose a substantial disease burden, particularly in hospitalized cases. The implementation of either a community-based approach or an enhanced surveillance system in combination with a community survey will allow a better understanding of the disease burdens of RSV and influenza in the Philippines.

  77. First detection of DS-1-like G1P[8] human rotavirus strains from children with diarrhoea in the Philippines

    D. Yamamoto, A. Tandoc, E. Mercado, F. Quicho, S. Lupisan, M. Obata-Saito, M. Okamoto, A. Suzuki, R. Tamaki, L. Sombrero, R. Olveda, H. Oshitani

    New Microbes and New Infections 18 54-57 2017年7月1日

    出版者・発行元:Elsevier Ltd

    DOI: 10.1016/j.nmni.2017.04.001  

    ISSN:2052-2975

  78. Analysis of patient data from laboratories during the Ebola virus disease outbreak in Liberia, April 2014 to March 2015. 国際誌

    Yuki Furuse, Mosoka Fallah, Hitoshi Oshitani, Ling Kituyi, Nuha Mahmoud, Emmanuel Musa, Alex Gasasira, Tolbert Nyenswah, Bernice Dahn, Luke Bawo

    PLoS neglected tropical diseases 11 (7) e0005804 2017年7月

    DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0005804  

    ISSN:1935-2727

    詳細を見る 詳細を閉じる

    An outbreak of Ebola virus disease (EVD) in Liberia began in March 2014 and ended in January 2016. Epidemiological information on the EVD cases was collected and managed nationally; however, collection and management of the data were challenging at the time because surveillance and reporting systems malfunctioned during the outbreak. EVD diagnostic laboratories, however, were able to register basic demographic and clinical information of patients more systematically. Here we present data on 16,370 laboratory samples that were tested between April 4, 2014 and March 29, 2015. A total of 10,536 traceable individuals were identified, of whom 3,897 were confirmed cases (positive for Ebola virus RNA). There were significant differences in sex, age, and place of residence between confirmed and suspected cases that tested negative for Ebola virus RNA. Age (young children and the elderly) and place of residence (rural areas) were the risk factors for death due to the disease. The case fatality rate of confirmed cases decreased from 80% to 63% during the study period. These findings may help support future investigations and lead to a fuller understanding of the outbreak in Liberia.

  79. Environmental Surveillance of Norovirus Genogroups I and II for Sensitive Detection of Epidemic Variants

    Shinobu Kazama, Takayuki Miura, Yoshifumi Masago, Yoshimitsu Konta, Kentaro Tohma, Takafumi Manaka, Xiaofang Liu, Daisuke Nakayama, Takashi Tanno, Mayuko Saito, Hitoshi Oshitani, Tatsuo Omura

    APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY 83 (9) 2017年5月

    出版者・発行元:AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY

    DOI: 10.1128/AEM.03406-16  

    ISSN:0099-2240

    eISSN:1098-5336

    詳細を見る 詳細を閉じる

    Sewage samples have been investigated to study the norovirus concentrations in sewage or the genotypes of noroviruses circulating in human populations. However, the statistical relationship between the concentration of the virus and the number of infected individuals and the clinical importance of genotypes or strains detected in sewage are unclear. In this study, we carried out both environmental and clinical surveillance of noroviruses for 3 years, 2013 to 2016. We performed cross-correlation analysis of the concentrations of norovirus GI or GII in sewage samples collected weekly and the reported number of gastroenteritis cases. Norovirus genotypes in sewage were also analyzed by pyrosequencing and compared with those identified in stool samples. The cross-correlation analysis found the peak coefficient (R = 0.51) at a lag of zero, indicating that the variation in the GII concentration, expressed as the log10 number of copies per milliliter, was coincident with that in the gastroenteritis cases. A total of 15 norovirus genotypes and up to 8 genotypes per sample were detected in sewage, which included all of the 13 genotypes identified in the stool samples except 2. GII. 4 was most frequently detected in both sample types, followed by GII. 17. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that a strain belonging to the GII. 17 Kawasaki 2014 lineage had been introduced into the study area in the 2012-2013 season. An increase in GI. 3 cases was observed in the 2015-2016 season, and sewage monitoring identified the presence of GI. 3 in the previous season (2014-2015). Our results demonstrated that monitoring of noroviruses in sewage is useful for sensitive detection of epidemic variants in human populations. IMPORTANCE We obtained statistical evidence of the relationship between the variation in the norovirus GII concentration in sewage and that of gastroenteritis cases during the 3-year study period. Sewage sample analysis by a pyrosequencing approach enabled us to understand the temporal variation in the norovirus genotypes circulating in human populations. We found that a strain closely related to the GII. 17 Kawasaki 2014 lineage had been introduced into the study area at least 1 year before its appearance and identification in clinical cases. A similar pattern was observed for GI. 3; cases were reported in the 2015-2016 season, and closely related strains were found in sewage in the previous season. Our observation indicates that monitoring of noroviruses in sewage is useful for the rapid detection of an epidemic and is also sensitive enough to study the molecular epidemiology of noroviruses. Applying this approach to other enteric pathogens in sewage will enhance our understanding of their ecology.

  80. Global Transmission Dynamics of Measles in the Measles Elimination Era. 国際誌

    Yuki Furuse, Hitoshi Oshitani

    Viruses 9 (4) 2017年4月16日

    DOI: 10.3390/v9040082  

    詳細を見る 詳細を閉じる

    Although there have been many epidemiological reports of the inter-country transmission of measles, systematic analysis of the global transmission dynamics of the measles virus (MV) is limited. In this study, we applied phylogeographic analysis to characterize the global transmission dynamics of the MV using large-scale genetic sequence data (obtained for 7456 sequences) from 115 countries between 1954 and 2015. These analyses reveal the spatial and temporal characteristics of global transmission of the virus, especially in Australia, China, India, Japan, the UK, and the USA in the period since 1990. The transmission is frequently observed, not only within the same region but also among distant and frequently visited areas. Frequencies of export from measles-endemic countries, such as China, India, and Japan are high but decreasing, while the frequencies from countries where measles is no longer endemic, such as Australia, the UK, and the USA, are low but slightly increasing. The world is heading toward measles eradication, but the disease is still transmitted regionally and globally. Our analysis reveals that countries wherein measles is endemic and those having eliminated the disease (apart from occasional outbreaks) both remain a source of global transmission in this measles elimination era. It is therefore crucial to maintain vigilance in efforts to monitor and eradicate measles globally.

  81. Effectiveness of 2009 pandemic influenza A(H1N1) vaccines: A systematic review and meta-analysis

    Louise E. Lansbury, Sherie Smith, Walter Beyer, Emina Karamehic, Eva Pasic-Juhas, Hana Sikira, Ana Mateus, Hitoshi Oshitani, Hongxin Zhao, Charles R. Beck, Jonathan S. Nguyen-Van-Tam

    VACCINE 35 (16) 1996-2006 2017年4月

    出版者・発行元:ELSEVIER SCI LTD

    DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2017.02.059  

    ISSN:0264-410X

    eISSN:1873-2518

    詳細を見る 詳細を閉じる

    Background: The clinical effectiveness of monovalent influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 vaccines has not been comprehensively summarised. We undertook a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess vaccine effectiveness (VE) for adjuvanted and unadjuvanted vaccines. Methods: We searched healthcare databases and grey literature from 11 June 2009 to 12 November 2014. Two researchers independently assessed titles and abstracts to identify studies for full review. Random effects meta-analyses estimated the pooled effect size of vaccination compared to placebo or no vaccination for crude and adjusted odds ratios (OR) to prevent laboratory confirmed influenza illness (LCI) and related hospitalization. VE was calculated as (1-pooled OR) * 100. Narrative synthesis was undertaken where meta-analysis was not possible. Results: We identified 9229 studies of which 38 at moderate risk of bias met protocol eligibility criteria; 23 were suitable for meta-analysis. Pooled adjusted VE against LCI with adjuvanted and unadjuvanted vaccines both reached statistical significance (adjuvanted: VE = 80%; 95% confidence interval [CI] 59-90%; unadjuvanted: VE = 66%; 95% CI 47-78%); in planned secondary analyses, VE in adults often failed to reach statistical significance and pooled point estimates were lower than observed in children. Overall pooled adjusted VE against hospitalization was 61% (95% CI 14-82%); in planned secondary analyses, adjusted VE attained statistical significance in adults aged 18-64 years and children for adjuvanted vaccines. Adjuvanted vaccines were significantly more effective in children compared to adults for both outcomes. Conclusions: Adjuvanted and unadjuvanted monovalent influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 vaccines were both effective in preventing LCI. Overall, the vaccines were also effective against influenza-related hospitalization. For both outcomes adjuvanted vaccines were more effective in children than in adults. (C) 2017 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.

  82. Bordetella pertussis infection in children with severe pneumonia, Philippines, 2012–2015

    Alexander Sadiasa, Mariko Saito-Obata, Mariko Saito-Obata, Clyde Dapat, Mayuko Saito, Reynaldo Frederick Quicho, Mauricio Perez, Mauricio Perez, Daryl Joy Almonia, Lea De Leon-Asi, Lea De Leon-Asi, Raita Tamaki, Lydia Sombrero, Socorro Lupisan, Hitoshi Oshitani

    Vaccine 35 (7) 993-996 2017年2月

    出版者・発行元:None

    DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2016.11.087  

    ISSN:0264-410X

    eISSN:1873-2518

    詳細を見る 詳細を閉じる

    © 2016 The Author(s) A case-comparison study was conducted based on an observational study of severe pneumonia among hospitalized children in the Philippines. The children, from 8 days to 13 years old and hospitalized with clinical diagnosis of severe or very severe pneumonia from August 2012 to February 2015, were recruited. Nasopharyngeal swabs were collected from 1152 cases and B. pertussis were detected from 34 cases by PCR. Pertussis-positive cases were more likely to have no fever, more than one week of coughing and breathing difficulty, decreased breathing sounds, and central cyanosis than pertussis- negative cases. The percentage of underweight was significantly higher in pertussis-positive cases than pertussis-negative cases. Pertussis-positive cases showed remarkably higher fatality rate than pertussis-negative cases. All of the fatal cases among pertussis-positive cases were less than 6 months old. More attention should be given to protect young infants from pertussis.

  83. 感染性胃腸炎流行の早期検知を目的とした下水中ノロウイルスモニタリングの有用性 査読有り

    三浦尚之, 風間しのぶ, 今田義光, 真砂佳史, 当广謙太郎, 真中太佳史, 劉暁芳, 斉藤繭子, 押谷仁, 大村達夫

    土木学会論文集G(環境) 72 (7) III_285-III_294 2016年12月

    DOI: 10.2208/jscejer.72.III_285  

  84. Seasonality of Influenza and Respiratory Syncytial Viruses and the Effect of Climate Factors in Subtropical-Tropical Asia Using Influenza-Like Illness Surveillance Data, 2010-2012

    Taro Kamigaki, Liling Chaw, Alvin G. Tan, Raita Tamaki, Portia P. Alday, Jenaline B. Javier, Remigio M. Olveda, Hitoshi Oshitani, Veronica L. Tallo

    PLOS ONE 11 (12) 2016年12月

    出版者・発行元:PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE

    DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0167712  

    ISSN:1932-6203

    詳細を見る 詳細を閉じる

    Introduction The seasonality of influenza and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is well known, and many analyses have been conducted in temperate countries; however, this is still not well understood in tropical countries. Previous studies suggest that climate factors are involved in the seasonality of these viruses. However, the extent of the effect of each climate variable is yet to be defined. Materials and Methods We investigated the pattern of seasonality and the effect of climate variables on influenza and RSV at three sites of different latitudes: the Eastern Visayas region and Baguio City in the Philippines, and Okinawa Prefecture in Japan. Wavelet analysis and the dynamic linear regression model were applied. Climate variables used in the analysis included mean temperature, relative and specific humidity, precipitation, and number of rainy days. The Akaike Information Criterion estimated in each model was used to test the improvement of fit in comparison with the baseline model. Result At all three study sites, annual seasonal peaks were observed in influenza A and RSV; peaks were unclear for influenza B. Ranges of climate variables at the two Philippine sites were narrower and mean variables were significantly different among the three sites. Whereas all climate variables except the number of rainy days improved model fit to the local trend model, their contributions were modest. Mean temperature and specific humidity were positively associated with influenza and RSV at the Philippine sites and negatively associated with influenza A in Okinawa. Precipitation also improved model fit for influenza and RSV at both Philippine sites, except for the influenza A model in the Eastern Visayas. Conclusions Annual seasonal peaks were observed for influenza A and RSV but were less clear for influenza B at all three study sites. Including additional data from subsequent more years would help to ascertain these findings. Annual amplitude and variation in climate variables are more important than their absolute values for determining their effect on the seasonality of influenza and RSV.

  85. Analyses of Evolutionary Characteristics of the Hemagglutinin-Esterase Gene of Influenza C Virus during a Period of 68 Years Reveals Evolutionary Patterns Different from Influenza A and B Viruses. 国際誌

    Yuki Furuse, Yoko Matsuzaki, Hidekazu Nishimura, Hitoshi Oshitani

    Viruses 8 (12) 2016年11月26日

    DOI: 10.3390/v8120321  

    eISSN:1999-4915

    詳細を見る 詳細を閉じる

    Infections with the influenza C virus causing respiratory symptoms are common, particularly among children. Since isolation and detection of the virus are rarely performed, compared with influenza A and B viruses, the small number of available sequences of the virus makes it difficult to analyze its evolutionary dynamics. Recently, we reported the full genome sequence of 102 strains of the virus. Here, we exploited the data to elucidate the evolutionary characteristics and phylodynamics of the virus compared with influenza A and B viruses. Along with our data, we obtained public sequence data of the hemagglutinin-esterase gene of the virus; the dataset consists of 218 unique sequences of the virus collected from 14 countries between 1947 and 2014. Informatics analyses revealed that (1) multiple lineages have been circulating globally; (2) there have been weak and infrequent selective bottlenecks; (3) the evolutionary rate is low because of weak positive selection and a low capability to induce mutations; and (4) there is no significant positive selection although a few mutations affecting its antigenicity have been induced. The unique evolutionary dynamics of the influenza C virus must be shaped by multiple factors, including virological, immunological, and epidemiological characteristics.

  86. Mechanisms of replacement of circulating viruses by seasonal and pandemic influenza A viruses. 国際誌

    Yuki Furuse, Hitoshi Oshitani

    International journal of infectious diseases : IJID : official publication of the International Society for Infectious Diseases 51 6-14 2016年10月

    DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2016.08.012  

    ISSN:1201-9712

    詳細を見る 詳細を閉じる

    BACKGROUND: Seasonal influenza causes annual epidemics by the accumulation of antigenic changes. Pandemic influenza occurs through a major antigenic change of the influenza A virus, which can originate from other hosts. Although new antigenic variants of the influenza A virus replace formerly circulating seasonal and pandemic viruses, replacement mechanisms remain poorly understood. METHODS: A stochastic individual-based SEIR (susceptible-exposed-infectious-recovered) model with two viral strains (formerly circulating old strain and newly emerged strain) was developed for simulations to elucidate the replacement mechanisms. RESULTS: Factors and conditions of virus and host populations affecting the replacement were identified. Replacement is more likely to occur in tropical regions than temperate regions. The magnitude of the ongoing epidemic by the old strain, herd immunity against the old strain, and timing of appearance of the new strain are not that important for replacement. It is probable that the frequency of replacement by a pandemic virus is higher than a seasonal virus because of the high initial susceptibility and high basic reproductive number of the pandemic virus. CONCLUSIONS: The findings of this study on replacement mechanisms could lead to a better understanding of virus transmission dynamics and may possibly be helpful in establishing an effective strategy to mitigate the impact of seasonal and pandemic influenza.

  87. Genetic Lineage and Reassortment of Influenza C Viruses Circulating between 1947 and 2014. 国際誌

    Yoko Matsuzaki, Kanetsu Sugawara, Yuki Furuse, Yoshitaka Shimotai, Seiji Hongo, Hitoshi Oshitani, Katsumi Mizuta, Hidekazu Nishimura

    Journal of virology 90 (18) 8251-65 2016年9月15日

    DOI: 10.1128/JVI.00969-16  

    ISSN:0022-538X

    詳細を見る 詳細を閉じる

    Since influenza C virus was first isolated in 1947, the virus has been only occasionally isolated by cell culture; there are only four strains for which complete genome sequences are registered. Here, we analyzed a total of 106 complete genomes, ranging from the first isolate from 1947 to recent isolates from 2014, to determine the genetic lineages of influenza C virus, the reassortment events, and the rates of nucleotide substitution. The results showed that there are six lineages, named C/Taylor, C/Mississippi, C/Aichi, C/Yamagata, C/Kanagawa, and C/Sao Paulo. They contain both antigenic and genetic lineages of the hemagglutinin-esterase (HE) gene, and the internal genes PB2, PB1, P3, NP, M, and NS are divided into two major lineages, a C/Mississippi/80-related lineage and a C/Yamagata/81-related lineage. Reassortment events were found over the entire period of 68 years. Several outbreaks of influenza C virus between 1990 and 2014 in Japan consisted of reassortant viruses, suggesting that the genomic constellation is related to influenza C virus epidemics. The nucleotide sequences were highly homologous to each other. The minimum percent identity between viruses ranged from 91.1% for the HE gene to 96.1% for the M gene, and the rate of nucleotide substitution for the HE gene was the highest, at 5.20 × 10(-4) substitutions/site/year. These results indicate that reassortment is an important factor that increases the genetic diversity of influenza C virus, resulting in its ability to prevail in humans. IMPORTANCE Influenza C virus is a pathogen that causes acute respiratory illness in children and results in hospitalization of infants. We previously demonstrated (Y. Matsuzaki et al., J Clin Virol 61:87-93, 2014, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcv.2014.06.017) that periodic epidemics of this virus occurred in Japan between 1996 and 2014 and that replacement of the dominant antigenic group occurred every several years as a result of selection by herd immunity. However, the antigenicity of the HE glycoprotein is highly stable, and antigenic drift has not occurred for at least 30 years. Here, we analyzed a total of 106 complete genomes spanning 68 years for the first time, and we found that influenza C viruses are circulating worldwide while undergoing reassortment as well as selection by herd immunity, resulting in an increased ability to prevail in humans. The results presented in this study contribute to the understanding of the evolution, including reassortment events, underlying influenza C virus epidemics.

  88. Comparative Evaluation of Real-Time PCR Methods for Human Noroviruses in Wastewater and Human Stool 査読有り

    Yoshifumi Masago, Yoshimitsu Konta, Shinobu Kazama, Manami Inaba, Toshifumi Imagawa, Kentaro Tohma, Mayuko Saito, Akira Suzuki, Hitoshi Oshitani, Tatsuo Omura

    PLOS ONE 11 (8) e0160825 2016年8月

    出版者・発行元:PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE

    DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0160825  

    ISSN:1932-6203

    詳細を見る 詳細を閉じる

    Selecting the best quantitative PCR assay is essential to detect human norovirus genome effectively from clinical and environmental samples because no cell lines have been developed to propagate this virus. The real-time PCR methods for noroviruses GI (4 assays) and GII (3 assays) were evaluated using wastewater (n = 70) and norovirus-positive stool (n = 77) samples collected in Japan between 2012 and 2013. Standard quantitative PCR assays recommended by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, International Organization for Standardization, and Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare, Japan, together with recently reported assays were included. Significant differences in positive rates and quantification cycles were observed by non-parametric analysis. The present study identifies the best assay for norovirus GI and GII to amplify norovirus genomes efficiently.

  89. Differences in viral load among human respiratory syncytial virus genotypes in hospitalized children with severe acute respiratory infections in the Philippines. 国際誌

    Francois Marie Ngako Kadji, Michiko Okamoto, Yuki Furuse, Raita Tamaki, Akira Suzuki, Irene Lirio, Clyde Dapat, Rungnapa Malasao, Mariko Saito, Gay Anne Granada Pedrera-Rico, Veronica Tallo, Socorro Lupisan, Mayuko Saito, Hitoshi Oshitani

    Virology journal 13 113-113 2016年6月27日

    DOI: 10.1186/s12985-016-0565-8  

    詳細を見る 詳細を閉じる

    BACKGROUND: Human respiratory syncytial virus (HRSV) is a leading viral etiologic agent of pediatric lower respiratory infections, including bronchiolitis and pneumonia. Two antigenic subgroups, HRSV-A and B, each contain several genotypes. While viral load may vary among HRSV genotypes and affect the clinical course of disease, data are scarce regarding the actual differences among genotypes. Therefore, this study estimated and compared viral load among NA1 and ON1 genotypes of HRSV-A and BA9 of HRSV-B. ON1 is a newly emerged genotype with a 72-nucleotide duplication in the G gene as observed previously with BA genotypes in HRSV-B. FINDINGS: Children <5 years of age with an initial diagnosis of severe or very severe pneumonia at a hospital in the Philippines from September 2012 to December 2013 were enrolled. HRSV genotypes were determined and the viral load measured from nasopharyngeal swabs (NPS). The viral load of HRSV genotype NA1 were significantly higher than those of ON1 and BA9. Regression analysis showed that both genotype NA1 and younger age were significantly associated with high HRSV viral load. CONCLUSIONS: The viral load of NA1 was higher than that of ON1 and BA9 in NPS samples. HRSV genotypes may be associated with HRSV viral load. The reasons and clinical impacts of these differences in viral load among HRSV genotypes require further evaluation.

  90. Etiological Role and Repeated Infections of Sapovirus among Children Aged Less than 2 Years in a Cohort Study in a Peri-urban Community of Peru

    Xiaofang Liu, Helena Jahuira, Robert H. Gilman, Alicia Alva, Lilia Cabrera, Michiko Okamoto, Hang Xu, Henry J. Windle, Dermot Kelleher, Marco Varela, Manuela Verastegui, Maritza Calderon, Gerardo Sanchez, Vanessa Sarabia, Sarah B. Ballard, Caryn Bern, Holger Mayta, Jean E. Crabtree, Vitaliano Cama, Mayuko Saito, Hitoshi Oshitani

    JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY 54 (6) 1598-1604 2016年6月

    出版者・発行元:AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY

    DOI: 10.1128/JCM.03133-15  

    ISSN:0095-1137

    eISSN:1098-660X

    詳細を見る 詳細を閉じる

    Human sapovirus has been shown to be one of the most important etiologies in pediatric patients with acute diarrhea. However, very limited data are available about the causative roles and epidemiology of sapovirus in community settings. A nested matched case-control study within a birth cohort study of acute diarrhea in a peri-urban community in Peru from 2007 to 2010 was conducted to investigate the attributable fraction (AF) and genetic diversity of sapovirus. By quantitative reverse transcription-realtime PCR (qPCR) sapovirus was detected in 12.4% (37/299) of diarrheal and 5.7% (17/300) of nondiarrheal stools (P = 0.004). The sapovirus AF (7.1%) was higher in the second year (13.2%) than in the first year (1.4%) of life of children. Ten known genotypes and one novel cluster (n = 5) within four genogroups (GI, GII, GIV, and GV) were identified by phylogenetic analysis of a partial VP1 gene. Further sequence analysis of the full VP1 gene revealed a possible novel genotype, tentatively named GII. 8. Notably, symptomatic reinfections with different genotypes within the same (n = 3) or different (n = 5) genogroups were observed in eight children. Sapovirus exhibited a high attributable burden for acute gastroenteritis, especially in the second year of life, of children in a Peruvian community. Further large-scale studies are needed to understand better the global burden, genetic diversity, and repeated infections of sapovirus.

  91. Association of RSV-A ON1 genotype with Increased Pediatric Acute Lower Respiratory Tract Infection in Vietnam

    Keisuke Yoshihara, Minh Nhat Le, Michiko Okamoto, Anita Carolle Akpeedje Wadagni, Hien Anh Nguyen, Michiko Toizumi, Enga Pham, Motoi Suzuki, Ai Thi Thuy Nguyen, Hitoshi Oshitani, Koya Ariyoshi, Hiroyuki Moriuchi, Masahiro Hashizume, Duc Anh Dang, Lay-Myint Yoshida

    SCIENTIFIC REPORTS 6 2016年6月

    出版者・発行元:NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP

    DOI: 10.1038/srep27856  

    ISSN:2045-2322

    詳細を見る 詳細を閉じる

    Since the initial discovery of RSV-A ON1 in Canada in 2010, ON1 has been reported worldwide, yet information regarding its clinical impact and severity has been controversial. To investigate the clinical relevance of RSV-A ON1, acute respiratory infection (ARI) cases enrolled to our population-based prospective pediatric ARI surveillance at Khanh Hoa General Hospital, Central Vietnam from January 2010 through December 2012 were studied. Clinical-epidemiological information and nasopharyngeal samples were collected. Multiplex PCR assays were performed for screening 13 respiratory viruses. RSV-positive samples were further tested for subgroups (A/B) and genotypes information by sequencing the G-glycoprotein 2nd hypervariable region. Statistical analysis was performed to evaluate the clinical-epidemiological characteristics of RSV-A ON1. A total of 1854 ARI cases were enrolled and 426 (23.0%) of them were RSV-positive. During the study period, RSV-A and B had been co-circulating. NA1 was the predominant RSV-A genotype until the appearance of ON1 in 2012. RSV-related ARI hospitalization incidence significantly increased after the emergence of ON1. Moreover, multivariate analysis revealed that risk of lower respiratory tract infection was 2.26 (95% CI: 1.37-3.72) times, and radiologically-confirmed pneumonia was 1.98 (95% CI: 1.01-3.87) times greater in ON1 compared to NA1 cases. Our result suggested that ON1 ARI cases were clinically more severe than NA1.

  92. Local persistence and global dissemination play a significant role in the circulation of influenza B viruses in Leyte Island, Philippines. 国際誌

    Yuki Furuse, Takashi Odagiri, Raita Tamaki, Taro Kamigaki, Hirono Otomaru, Jamie Opinion, Arlene Santo, Donna Dolina-Lacaba, Edgard Daya, Michiko Okamoto, Mariko Saito-Obata, Marianette Inobaya, Alvin Tan, Veronica Tallo, Socorro Lupisan, Akira Suzuki, Hitoshi Oshitani

    Virology 492 21-4 2016年5月

    DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2016.02.001  

    ISSN:0042-6822

    詳細を見る 詳細を閉じる

    The local and global transmission dynamics of influenza B virus is not completely understood mainly because of limited epidemiological and sequence data for influenza B virus. Here we report epidemiological and molecular characteristics of influenza B viruses from 2010 to 2013 in Leyte Island, Philippines. Phylogenetic analyses showed global dissemination of the virus among both neighboring and distant areas. The analyses also suggest that southeast Asia is not a distributor of influenza B virus and can introduce the virus from other areas. Furthermore, we found evidence on the local persistence of the virus over years in the Philippines. Taken together, both local persistence and global dissemination play a significant role in the circulation of influenza B virus.

  93. Highly Efficient CRISPR/Cas9-Mediated Cloning and Functional Characterization of Gastric Cancer-Derived Epstein-Barr Virus Strains. 国際誌

    Teru Kanda, Yuki Furuse, Hitoshi Oshitani, Tohru Kiyono

    Journal of virology 90 (9) 4383-93 2016年5月

    DOI: 10.1128/JVI.00060-16  

    ISSN:0022-538X

    詳細を見る 詳細を閉じる

    UNLABELLED: The Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is etiologically linked to approximately 10% of gastric cancers, in which viral genomes are maintained as multicopy episomes. EBV-positive gastric cancer cells are incompetent for progeny virus production, making viral DNA cloning extremely difficult. Here we describe a highly efficient strategy for obtaining bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) clones of EBV episomes by utilizing a CRISPR/Cas9-mediated strand break of the viral genome and subsequent homology-directed repair. EBV strains maintained in two gastric cancer cell lines (SNU719 and YCCEL1) were cloned, and their complete viral genome sequences were determined. Infectious viruses of gastric cancer cell-derived EBVs were reconstituted, and the viruses established stable latent infections in immortalized keratinocytes. While Ras oncoprotein overexpression caused massive vacuolar degeneration and cell death in control keratinocytes, EBV-infected keratinocytes survived in the presence of Ras expression. These results implicate EBV infection in predisposing epithelial cells to malignant transformation by inducing resistance to oncogene-induced cell death. IMPORTANCE: Recent progress in DNA-sequencing technology has accelerated EBV whole-genome sequencing, and the repertoire of sequenced EBV genomes is increasing progressively. Accordingly, the presence of EBV variant strains that may be relevant to EBV-associated diseases has begun to attract interest. Clearly, the determination of additional disease-associated viral genome sequences will facilitate the identification of any disease-specific EBV variants. We found that CRISPR/Cas9-mediated cleavage of EBV episomal DNA enabled the cloning of disease-associated viral strains with unprecedented efficiency. As a proof of concept, two gastric cancer cell-derived EBV strains were cloned, and the infection of epithelial cells with reconstituted viruses provided important clues about the mechanism of EBV-mediated epithelial carcinogenesis. This experimental system should contribute to establishing the relationship between viral genome variation and EBV-associated diseases.

  94. Molecular Characterization of Chikungunya Virus, Philippines, 2011-2013

    Ava Kristy Sy, Mariko Saito-Obata, Inez Andrea Medado, Kentaro Tohma, Clyde Dapat, Edelwisa Segubre-Mercado, Amado Tandoc, Socorro Lupisan, Hitoshi Oshitani

    EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES 22 (5) 887-890 2016年5月

    出版者・発行元:CENTERS DISEASE CONTROL

    DOI: 10.3201/eid2205.151268  

    ISSN:1080-6040

    eISSN:1080-6059

    詳細を見る 詳細を閉じる

    During 2011-2013, a nationwide outbreak of chikungunya virus infection occurred in the Philippines. The Asian genotype was identified as the predominant genotype; sporadic cases of the East/Central/South African genotype were detected in Mindanao. Further monitoring is needed to define the transmission pattern of this virus in the Philippines.

  95. Temporal dynamics of norovirus determined through monitoring of municipal wastewater by pyrosequencing and virological surveillance of gastroenteritis cases

    Shinobu Kazama, Yoshifumi Masago, Kentaro Tohma, Nao Souma, Toshifumi Imagawa, Akira Suzuki, Xiaofang Liu, Mayuko Saito, Hitoshi Oshitani, Tatsuo Omura

    WATER RESEARCH 92 244-253 2016年4月

    出版者・発行元:PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD

    DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2015.10.024  

    ISSN:0043-1354

    eISSN:1879-2448

    詳細を見る 詳細を閉じる

    Norovirus is a leading etiological agent of viral gastroenteritis. Because of relatively mild disease symptoms and frequent asymptomatic infections, information on the ecology of this virus is limited. Our objective was to examine the genetic diversity of norovirus circulating in the human population by means of genotyping the virus in municipal wastewater. We investigated norovirus genogroups I and II (GI and GII) in municipal wastewater in Japan by pyrosequencing and quantitative PCR (qPCR) from November 2012 to March 2013. Virological surveillance for gastroenteritis cases was concurrently conducted in the same area. A total of fourteen distinct genotypes in total (GI.1, 3, 4, 6, 7, GII.2, 4, 5, 6, 7,12,13, 14, and 17), with up to eight genotypes detected per sample, were observed in wastewater using pyrosequencing; only four genotypes (GI.6, GII.4, 5, and 14) were obtained from clinical samples. Seventy-eight percent of norovirus-positive stool samples contained GII.4, but this genotype was not dominant in wastewater. The norovirus GII.4 Sydney 2012 variant, which appeared and spread during our study period, was detected in both the wastewater and clinical samples. These results suggest that an environmental approach using pyrosequencing yields a more detailed distribution of norovirus genotypes/variants. Thus, wastewater monitoring by pyrosequencing is expected to provide an effective analysis of the distribution of norovirus genotypes causing symptomatic and asymptomatic infections in human populations. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  96. Molecular and mathematical modeling analyses of inter-island transmission of rabies into a previously rabies-free island in the Philippines

    Kentaro Tohma, Mariko Saito, Catalino S. Demetria, Daria L. Manalo, Beatriz P. Quiambao, Taro Kamigaki, Hitoshi Oshitani

    INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 38 22-28 2016年3月

    出版者・発行元:ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV

    DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2015.12.001  

    ISSN:1567-1348

    eISSN:1567-7257

    詳細を見る 詳細を閉じる

    Rabies is endemic in the Philippines and dog bites are a major cause of rabies cases in humans. The rabies control program has not been successful in eliminating rabies because of low vaccination coverage among dogs. Therefore, more effective and feasible strategies for rabies control are urgently required in the country. To control rabies, it is very important to know if inter-island transmission can occur because rabies can become endemic once the virus is introduced in areas that previously had no reported cases. Our molecular epidemiological study suggests that inter-island transmission events can occur; therefore, we further investigated these inter-island transmission using phylogenetic and modeling approaches. We investigate inter-island transmission between Luzon and Tablas Islands in the Philippines. Phylogenetic analysis and mathematical modeling demonstrate that there was a time lag of several months to a year from rabies introduction to initial case detection, indicating the difficulties in recognizing the initial rabies introductory event. There had been no rabies cases reported in Tablas Island; however, transmission chain was sustained on this island after the introduction of rabies virus because of low vaccination coverage among dogs. Across the islands, a rabies control program should include control of inter-island dog transportation and rabies vaccination to avoid viral introduction fromthe outside and to break transmission chains after viral introduction. However, this programhas not yet been completely implemented and transmission chains following inter-island virus transmission are still observed. Local government units try to control dog transport; however, it should be more strictly controlled, and a continuous rabies control program should be implemented to prevent rabies spread even in rabies-free areas. (C) 2015 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.

  97. Novel insights into human respiratory syncytial virus-host factor interactions through integrated proteomics and transcriptomics analysis

    Clyde Dapat, Hitoshi Oshitani

    EXPERT REVIEW OF ANTI-INFECTIVE THERAPY 14 (3) 285-297 2016年3月

    出版者・発行元:TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD

    DOI: 10.1586/14787210.2016.1141676  

    ISSN:1478-7210

    eISSN:1744-8336

    詳細を見る 詳細を閉じる

    The lack of vaccine and limited antiviral options against respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) highlights the need for novel therapeutic strategies. One alternative is to develop drugs that target host factors required for viral replication. Several microarray and proteomics studies had been published to identify possible host factors that are affected during RSV replication. In order to obtain a comprehensive understanding of RSV-host interaction, we integrated available proteome and transcriptome datasets and used it to construct a virus-host interaction network. Then, we interrogated the network to identify host factors that are targeted by the virus and we searched for drugs from the DrugBank database that interact with these host factors, which may have potential applications in repositioning for future treatment options of RSV infection.

  98. Burden of Influenza and Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection in Pregnant Women and Infants Under 6 Months in Mongolia: A Prospective Cohort Study

    Liling Chaw, Taro Kamigaki, Alexanderyn Burmaa, Chuluunbatiin Urtnasan, Ishiin Od, Gunregjaviin Nyamaa, Pagbajabyn Nymadawa, Hitoshi Oshitani

    PLOS ONE 11 (2) 2016年2月

    出版者・発行元:PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE

    DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0148421  

    ISSN:1932-6203

    詳細を見る 詳細を閉じる

    Background Pregnant women and infants under 6 months are at risk of influenza-related complications. Limited information exists on their community burden of respiratory viruses. Methods and Findings This prospective, observational open cohort study was conducted in Baganuur district, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia during 2013/14 and 2014/15 influenza seasons. Influenza-like illness (ILI) and severe acute respiratory infection (sARI) were identified by follow-up calls twice a week. For those identified, influenza and respiratory syncytical virus (RSV) were tested by point-of-care test kits. We calculated overall and stratified (by trimester or age group) incidence rates (IR) and used Cox proportional hazard regression for risk factor analyses. Among 1260 unvaccinated pregnant women enrolled, overall IRs for ILI, sARI and influenza A were 11.8 (95% confidence interval (C.I): 11.2-12.4), 0.1 (95% C.I: 0.0-0.4), and 1.7 (95% C.I: 1.5-1.9) per 1,000person-days, respectively. One sARI case was influenza A positive. IRs and adjusted hazard ratios (Adj.HR) for ILI and influenza A were lowest in the third trimester. Those with co-morbidity were 1.4 times more likely to develop ILI [Adj.HR: 1.4 (95% C.I: 1.1-1.9)]. Among 1304 infants enrolled, overall ILI and sARI IRs were 15.2 (95% C.I: 14.5-15.8) and 20.5 (95% C.I: 19.7-21.3) per 1,000person-days, respectively. From the tested ILI (77.6%) and sARI (30.6%) cases, the overall positivity rates were 6.3% (influenza A), 1.1% (influenza B) and 9.3% (RSV). Positivity rates of influenza A and RSV tend to increase with age. sARI cases were 1.4 times more likely to be male [Adj.HR: 1.4 (95% C.I: 1.1-1.8)]. Among all influenza A and RSV positive infants, 11.8% and 68.0% were respectively identified among sARI hospitalized cases. Conclusion We observed low overall influenza A burden in both groups, though underestimation was likely due to point-of-care tests used. For infants, RSV burden was more significant than influenza A. These findings would be useful for establishing control strategies for both viruses in Mongolia.

  99. Immediate Needs and Concerns among Pregnant Women During and after Typhoon Haiyan (Yolanda). 国際誌

    Mari Sato, Yasuka Nakamura, Fumi Atogami, Ribeka Horiguchi, Raita Tamaki, Toyoko Yoshizawa, Hitoshi Oshitani

    PLoS currents 8 2016年1月25日

    DOI: 10.1371/currents.dis.29e4c0c810db47d7fd8d0d1fb782892c  

    詳細を見る 詳細を閉じる

    INTRODUCTION: Pregnant and postpartum women are especially vulnerable to natural disasters. These women suffer from increased risk of physical and mental issues including pregnant related problems. Typhoon Haiyan (Yolanda), which hit the Philippines affected a large number of people and caused devastating damages. During and after the typhoon, pregnant women were forced to live in particularly difficult circumstances. The purpose of this study was to determine concerns and problems regarding public health needs and coping mechanisms among pregnant women during and shortly after the typhoon. METHODS: This study employed a cross-sectional design utilizing focus group discussions (FGDs). Participants were 53 women (mean age: 26.6 years old; 42 had children) from four affected communities who were pregnant at the time of the typhoon. FGDs were conducted 4 months after the typhoon, from March 19 to 28, 2014, using semi-structured interviews. Data were analyzed using the qualitative content analysis. RESULT: Three themes were identified regarding problems and concerns during and after the typhoon: 1) having no ideas what is going to happen during the evacuation, 2) lacking essentials to survive, and 3) being unsure of how to deal with health concerns. Two themes were identified as means of solving issues: 1) finding food for survival and 2) avoiding diseases to save my family. As the pregnant women already had several typhoon experiences without any major problems, they underestimated the catastrophic nature of this typhoon. During the typhoon, the women could not ensure their safety and did not have a strong sense of crisis management. They suffered from hunger, food shortage, and poor sanitation. Moreover, though the women had fear and anxiety regarding their pregnancy, they had no way to resolve these concerns. Pregnant women and their families also suffered from common health problems for which they would usually seek medical services. Under such conditions, the pregnant woman cooperated with others for survival and used their knowledge of disease prevention. DISCUSSION: Pregnant women experienced difficulties with evacuation, a lack of minimum survival needs, and attending to their own health issues. Pregnant women were also concerned about needs and health issues of their families, particular, when they had small children. Collecting accurate information regarding the disaster and conducting self-sustainable preparation prior to the disaster among pregnant women will help them to protect their pregnancy status, thereby improving their families' chance of survival during and after disasters.

  100. Laboratory diagnosis for outbreak-prone infectious diseases after typhoon Yolanda (Haiyan), Philippines

    Mariko Saito-Obata, Mayuko Saito, Titus C. Tan, Inez Andrea P. Medado, Clyde Dapat, Michiko Okamoto, Raita Tamaki, Rowena C. Capistrano, Edelwisa Segubre-Mercado, Socorro P. Lupisan, Hitoshi Oshitani

    PLoS Currents 8 2016年

    出版者・発行元:Public Library of Science

    DOI: 10.1371/currents.dis.9c3cb7b01ec2d04eef2406dbe03d253d  

    ISSN:2157-3999

    詳細を見る 詳細を閉じる

    Introduction: Typhoon Yolanda (Haiyan) hit the central part of the Philippines on November 8, 2013. To identify possible outbreaks of communicable diseases after the typhoon, nasopharyngeal swabs, stool and blood samples were collected from patients who visited the Eastern Visayas Regional Medical Center due to acute respiratory infection (ARI), acute gastroenteritis (AGE) or other febrile illness (OFI) including suspected dengue fever, between November 28, 2013 and February 5, 2014. Methods: Samples were tested on-site for selected pathogens using rapid diagnostic tests. Confirmation and further analysis were conducted at the Research Institute for Tropical Medicine (RITM) in Manila using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and sequencing. Residues of the rapid diagnostic tests and samples collected in the filter papers (FTATM card) were transported to Manila under suboptimal conditions. PCR results were compared between the kit residues and the filter papers. Results: A total of 185 samples were collected. Of these, 128 cases were ARI, 17 cases were AGE and 40 cases were OFI. For nasopharyngeal swab samples, detection rates for enterovirus and rhinovirus residues were higher than the filter papers. For stool samples, rotavirus positive rate for the filter paper was higher than the kit residues. We also managed to obtain the sequence data from some of the kit residues and filter papers. Discussion: Our results confirmed the importance of PCR for the laboratory diagnosis of infectious diseases in post-disaster situations when diagnostic options are limited.

  101. Trends in avian influenza

    Yuki Furuse, Hitoshi Oshitani

    Japanese Journal of Chest Diseases 74 1352-1357 2015年12月1日

    ISSN:0385-3667

    詳細を見る 詳細を閉じる

    In humans, infection with avian influenza virus causes a febrile disease with respiratory symptoms that is described as human influenza. Furthermore, infection with avian influenza can often be severe and fatal. Human infections with H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza and H7N9 avian influenza have been reported in Asian countries. There is substantial risk that these infections will also occur in Japan. Although efficient human-to-human transmission of avian influenza is unlikely, the virus could become more adapted to human infection, leading to a pandemic. The diagnosis, reporting, and treatment of infections with avian influenza are important for improving both clinical management and public health.

  102. Conservation of nucleotide sequences for molecular diagnosis of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus, 2015. 国際誌

    Yuki Furuse, Michiko Okamoto, Hitoshi Oshitani

    International journal of infectious diseases : IJID : official publication of the International Society for Infectious Diseases 40 25-7 2015年11月

    DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2015.09.018  

    ISSN:1201-9712

    詳細を見る 詳細を閉じる

    Infection due to the Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) is widespread. The present study was performed to assess the protocols used for the molecular diagnosis of MERS-CoV by analyzing the nucleotide sequences of viruses detected between 2012 and 2015, including sequences from the large outbreak in eastern Asia in 2015. Although the diagnostic protocols were established only 2 years ago, mismatches between the sequences of primers/probes and viruses were found for several of the assays. Such mismatches could lead to a lower sensitivity of the assay, thereby leading to false-negative diagnosis. A slight modification in the primer design is suggested. Protocols for the molecular diagnosis of viral infections should be reviewed regularly after they are established, particularly for viruses that pose a great threat to public health such as MERS-CoV.

  103. Molecular Characterization of Human Respiratory Syncytial Virus in the Philippines, 2012-2013

    Rungnapa Malasao, Michiko Okamoto, Natthawan Chaimongkol, Tadatsugu Imamura, Kentaro Tohma, Isolde Dapat, Clyde Dapat, Akira Suzuki, Mayuko Saito, Mariko Saito, Raita Tamaki, Gay Anne Granada Pedrera-Rico, Rapunzel Aniceto, Reynaldo Frederick Negosa Quicho, Edelwisa Segubre-Mercado, Socorro Lupisan, Hitoshi Oshitani

    PLOS ONE 10 (11) 2015年11月

    出版者・発行元:PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE

    DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0142192  

    ISSN:1932-6203

    詳細を見る 詳細を閉じる

    Human respiratory syncytial virus (HRSV) is a major cause of acute lower respiratory tract infections in infants and children worldwide. We performed molecular analysis of HRSV among infants and children with clinical diagnosis of severe pneumonia in four study sites in the Philippines, including Biliran, Leyte, Palawan, and Metro Manila from June 2012 to July 2013. Nasopharyngeal swabs were collected and screened for HRSV using real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Positive samples were tested by conventional PCR and sequenced for the second hypervariable region (2nd HVR) of the G gene. Among a total of 1,505 samples, 423 samples were positive for HRSV (28.1%), of which 305 (72.1%) and 118 (27.9%) were identified as HRSV-A and HRSV-B, respectively. Two genotypes of HRSV-A, NA1 and ON1, were identified during the study period. The novel ON1 genotype with a 72-nucleotide duplication in 2nd HVR of the G gene increased rapidly and finally became the predominant genotype in 2013 with an evolutionary rate higher than the NA1 genotype. Moreover, in the ON1 genotype, we found positive selection at amino acid position 274 (p&lt;0.05) and massive O- and N-glycosylation in the 2nd HVR of the G gene. Among HRSV-B, BA9 was the predominant genotype circulating in the Philippines. However, two sporadic cases of GB2 genotype were found, which might share a common ancestor with other Asian strains. These findings suggest that HRSV is an important cause of severe acute respiratory infection among children in the Philippines and revealed the emergence and subsequent predominance of the ON1 genotype and the sporadic detection of the GB2 genotype. Both genotypes were detected for the first time in the Philippines.

  104. Molecular detection and characterization of sapovirus in hospitalized children with acute gastroenteritis in the Philippines 査読有り

    Xiaofang Liu, Dai Yamamoto, Mariko Saito, Toshifumi Imagawa, Adrianne Ablola, Amado O. Tandoc, Edelwisa Segubre-Mercado, Socorro P. Lupisan, Michiko Okamoto, Yuki Furuse, Mayuko Saito, Hitoshi Oshitani

    JOURNAL OF CLINICAL VIROLOGY 68 83-88 2015年7月

    出版者・発行元:ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV

    DOI: 10.1016/j.jcv.2015.05.001  

    ISSN:1386-6532

    eISSN:1873-5967

    詳細を見る 詳細を閉じる

    Background: Human sapovirus (SaV) is a causative agent of acute gastroenteritis. Recently, SaV detection has been increasing worldwide due to the emerging SaV genotype I.2. However, SaV infection has not been reported in the Philippines. Objectives: To evaluate the prevalence and genetic diversity of SaV in hospitalized children aged less than 5 years with acute gastroenteritis. Study design: Stool samples were collected from children with acute gastroenteritis at three hospitals in the Philippines from June 2012 to August 2013. SaV was detected by reverse transcription real-time PCR, and the polymerase and capsid gene sequences were analyzed. Full genome sequencing and recombination analysis were performed on possible recombinant viruses. Results: SaV was detected in 7.0% of the tested stool samples (29/417). In 10 SaV-positive cases, other viruses were also detected, including rotavirus (n = 6), norovirus (n = 2), and human astrovirus (n = 2). Four known SaV genotypes (GI.1 [7], GI.2 [2], GII.1 [12], and GV [2]) and one novel recombinant (n = 3) were identified by polymerase and capsid gene sequence analysis. Full genome sequencing revealed that the 5' nontranslated region (NTR) and nonstructural protein region of the novel recombinant were closely related to the GII.1 Bristol/98/UK variant, whereas the structural protein region and 3' NTR were closely related to the GII.4 Kumamoto6/Mar2003/JPN variant. Discussion and conclusions: SaV was regularly detected in hospitalized children due to acute gastroenteritis during the study period. A novel recombinant, SaV GII.1/GII.4, was identified in three cases at two different study sites. (C) 2015 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.

  105. Molecular Epidemiology of the Human Rhinovirus Infection in Mongolia during 2008-2013 査読有り

    Sosorbaram Tsatsral, Zichun Xiang, Naoko Fuji, Chulunbatar Maitsetseg, Janchiv Khulan, Hitoshi Oshitani, Jianwei Wang, Pagbajabyn Nymadawa

    JAPANESE JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES 68 (4) 280-287 2015年7月

    出版者・発行元:NATL INST INFECTIOUS DISEASES

    DOI: 10.7883/yoken.JJID.2014.090  

    ISSN:1344-6304

    eISSN:1884-2836

    詳細を見る 詳細を閉じる

    Rhinovirus infections are common in all age groups world-wide, and they occur throughout the year. In this study, we examined 2,689 nasopharyngeal swabs collected in Mongolia during 2008-2013. Human rhinoviruses (HRVs) were detected in 295 (11.0%) samples, and 85 (28.8%) patients were co-infected with other respiratory viruses. HRV was co-detected with bocavirus, human coronavirus, and respiratory syncytial virus in 21(24.7%), 17 (20.0%), and 14 (16.5%), respectively. We tested 170 (57.6%) of the 295 HRV-positive samples: 117 HRV strains were typed by using the VP4/VP2 method and 53 by using 5' UTR method. We found HVR-A, HVR-C, and HVR-B infections in 80 (47.1%), 76 (44.7%), and 14 (8.2%) samples, respectively.

  106. Seroprevalence of chronic hepatitis B, as determined from dried blood spots, among children and their mothers in central Lao People's Democratic Republic: a multistage, stratified cluster sampling survey

    Kenichi Komada, Masaya Sugiyama, Phengta Vongphrachanh, Anonh Xeuatvongsa, Bouaphan Khamphaphongphane, Tomomi Kitamura, Tomoko Kiyohara, Takaji Wakita, Hitoshi Oshitani, Masahiko Hachiya

    INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES 36 21-26 2015年7月

    出版者・発行元:ELSEVIER SCI LTD

    DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2015.04.020  

    ISSN:1201-9712

    eISSN:1878-3511

    詳細を見る 詳細を閉じる

    Background: There is limited information regarding the prevalence of hepatitis B in Lao PDR, where the hepatitis disease burden is substantial. Thus, reliable seroprevalence data is needed for the disease, based on probability sampling. Methods: A stratified, multistage, cluster sampling survey of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) positivity among children aged 5-9 years and their mothers aged 15-45 years was conducted. Participants were selected randomly from the central region of Lao PDR via probability-proportional-to-size sampling. Blood samples were collected onto filter paper and subsequently analyzed using a chemiluminescent microparticle immunoassay. Results: A total of 911 mother-and-child pairs were collected; the seroprevalence of HBsAg was estimated to be 2.1% (95% confidence interval 0.8-3.4%) among children and 4.1% (95% confidence interval 2.6-5.5%) in their mothers after taking into account the sampling design and the weight of each sample. The children's HBsAg positivity was positively associated with maternal infection and being born in a non-health facility, while the maternal infection status was not associated with any background characteristic. Conclusions: Lao PDR has a relatively lower HBsAg prevalence in the general population compared to surrounding countries. To ensure comparability to other countries and to future data, rapid field tests are recommended for a nationwide prevalence survey. (C) 2015 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of International Society for Infectious Diseases.

  107. Analysis of influenza transmission in the households of primary and junior high school students during the 2012-13 influenza season in Odate, Japan

    Taro Kamigaki, Satoshi Mimura, Yoshihiro Takahashi, Hitoshi Oshitani

    BMC INFECTIOUS DISEASES 15 2015年7月

    出版者・発行元:BIOMED CENTRAL LTD

    DOI: 10.1186/s12879-015-1007-8  

    ISSN:1471-2334

    詳細を見る 詳細を閉じる

    Background: Households are one of the major settings of influenza transmission in the community and transmission is frequently initiated by school-aged children. We surveyed households with primary school (PS) and/or junior high school (JH) children for the 2012-13 influenza season in Odate, Japan then characterized the epidemiology of influenza household transmission as well as estimated the serial intervals. Methods: We delivered a self-reported questionnaire survey to households with PS and/or JH school children in Odate City, Japan. Influenza A (H3N2) virus predominantly circulated during the 2012-13 influenza season. We investigated the epidemiological characteristics of within-household transmission and calculated the serial intervals (SI). SIs were drew by a non-parametric model and compared with parametric models by the Akaike Information Criterion. The covariable contributions were investigated by the accelerated failure model. Results: Household influenza transmission was identified in 255 out of 363 household respondents. Primary school (PS) children accounted for 45.1 % of primary cases, and disease transmission was most commonly observed between PS children and parents, followed by transmission from PS children to siblings. In primary cases of PS or JH children, younger age and longer absence from school were significantly associated with household transmission events. The mean SI was estimated as 2.8 days (95 % confidence interval 2.6-3.0 days) in the lognormal model. The estimated acceleration factors revealed that while secondary school age and the absence duration &gt; 7 days were associated with shorter and longer SIs, respectively, antiviral prescriptions for primary cases made no contribution. Conclusions: High frequencies of household transmission from primary school with shorter SI were found. These findings contribute to the development of future mitigation strategies against influenza transmission in Japan.

  108. Genetic characterization of measles virus in the Philippines, 2008-2011. 国際誌

    Rex Centeno, Naoko Fuji, Michiko Okamoto, Clyde Dapat, Mariko Saito, Amado Tandoc, Socorro Lupisan, Hitoshi Oshitani

    BMC research notes 8 211-211 2015年6月3日

    DOI: 10.1186/s13104-015-1201-1  

    詳細を見る 詳細を閉じる

    BACKGROUND: Large outbreaks of measles occurred in the Philippines in 2010 and 2011. Genetic analysis was performed to identify the genotype of measles virus (MeV) that was responsible for the large outbreaks. METHODS: A total of 114 representative MeVs that were detected in the Philippines from 2008 to 2011 were analyzed by sequencing the C-terminal region of nucleocapsid (N) gene and partial hemagglutinin (H) gene and by inferring the phylogenetic trees. RESULTS: Genetic analysis showed that genotype D9 was the predominant circulating strain during the 4-year study period. Genotype D9 was detected in 23 samples (92%) by N gene sequencing and 93 samples (94%) by H gene analysis. Sporadic cases of genotype G3 MeV were identified in 2 samples (8%) by N gene sequencing and 6 samples (6%) by H gene analysis. Genotype G3 MeV was detected mainly in Panay Island in 2009 and 2010. Molecular clock analysis of N gene showed that the recent genotype D9 viruses that caused the big outbreaks in 2010 and 2011 diverged from a common ancestor in 2005 in one of the neighboring Southeast Asian countries, where D9 was endemic. These big outbreaks of measles resulted in a spillover and were associated with genotype D9 MeV importation to Japan and the USA. CONCLUSION: Genotype D9 MeV became endemic and caused two big outbreaks in the Philippines in 2010 and 2011. Genotype G3 MeV was detected sporadically with limited geographic distribution. This study highlights the importance of genetic analysis not only in helping with the assessment of measles elimination program in the country but also in elucidating the transmission dynamics of measles virus.

  109. Intersubtype Genetic Variation of HIV-1 Tat Exon 1

    Chandra Nath Roy, Irona Khandaker, Hitoshi Oshitani

    AIDS RESEARCH AND HUMAN RETROVIRUSES 31 (6) 641-648 2015年6月

    出版者・発行元:MARY ANN LIEBERT, INC

    DOI: 10.1089/aid.2014.0346  

    ISSN:0889-2229

    eISSN:1931-8405

    詳細を見る 詳細を閉じる

    HIV-1 Tat is a regulatory protein that plays a pivotal role in viral transcription and replication. Our study aims to investigate the genetic variation of Tat exon 1 in all subtypes of HIV-1: A, B, C, D, F, G, H, J, and K. We performed phylogenetic, mutation, and selection pressure analyses on a total of 1,179 sequences of different subtypes of HIV-1 Tat obtained from the Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL). The mean nucleotide divergences (%) among the analyzed sequences of subtypes A, B, C, D, F, G, H, J, and K were 88, 89, 90, 88, 86, 89, 88, 97, and 97, respectively. We revealed that subtype B evolved relatively faster than other subtypes. The second and fifth domains were found comparatively more variable among all subtypes. Site-by-site tests of positive selection revealed that several positions in all subtypes were under significant positive selection. Positively selected sites were found in the acidic domain at positions 3, 4, and 19, in the cysteine-rich domains at positions 24, 29, 32, and 36, in the core domain at position 40, and in the basic domain for the rest of the positions for all subtypes. Positions 58 and 68 in the basic domain were positively selected in subtypes A, B, C and B, C, F, respectively. We also observed high variability within positively selected sites in amino acid positions. Our study findings on HIV-1 Tat genetic variability may contribute to a better understanding of HIV-1 evolution as well as to the development of effective Tat-targeted therapeutics and vaccines.

  110. Molecular epidemiology of Bordetella pertussis in the Philippines in 2012-2014

    Salvacion Rosario L. Galit, Nao Otsuka, Yuki Furuse, Daryl Joy V. Almonia, Lydia T. Sombrero, Rosario Z. Capeding, Socorro P. Lupisan, Mariko Saito, Hitoshi Oshitani, Yukihiro Hiramatsu, Keigo Shibayama, Kazunari Kamachi

    INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES 35 24-26 2015年6月

    出版者・発行元:ELSEVIER SCI LTD

    DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2015.04.001  

    ISSN:1201-9712

    eISSN:1878-3511

    詳細を見る 詳細を閉じる

    Objectives: The present study was designed to determine the genotypes of circulating Bordetella pertussis in the Philippines by direct molecular typing of clinical specimens. Methods: Nasopharyngeal swabs (NPSs) were collected from 50 children hospitalized with pertussis in three hospitals during 2012-2014. Multilocus variable-number tandem repeat analysis (MLVA) was performed on the DNA extracts from NPSs. B. pertussis virulence-associated allelic genes (ptxA, prn, and fim3) and the pertussis toxin promoter, ptxP, were also investigated by DNA sequence-based typing. Results: Twenty-six DNA extracts yielded a complete MLVA profile, which were sorted into 10 MLVA types. MLVA type 34 (MT34), which is rare in Australia, Europe, Japan, and the USA, was the predominant strain (50%). Seven MTs (MT29, MT32, MT33, and MT283-286, total 42%) were single-locus variants of MT34, while two (MT141 and MT287, total 8%) were double-locus variants of MT34. All MTs had the combination of virulence-associated allelic genes, ptxP1-ptxA1-prn1-fim3A. Conclusions: The B. pertussis population in the Philippines comprises genetically related strains. These strains are markedly different from those found in patients from other countries where acellular pertussis vaccines are used. The differences in vaccine types between these other countries and the Philippines, where the whole-cell vaccine is still used, may select for distinct populations of B. pertussis. (C) 2015 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of International Society for Infectious Diseases.

  111. Evolutionary Dynamics of Tat in HIV-1 Subtypes B and C

    Chandra Nath Roy, Irona Khandaker, Hitoshi Oshitani

    PLOS ONE 10 (6) 2015年6月

    出版者・発行元:PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE

    DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0129896  

    ISSN:1932-6203

    詳細を見る 詳細を閉じる

    Evolutionary characteristics of HIV-1 have mostly studied focusing its structural genes, Gag, Pol and Env. However, regarding the process of HIV-1's evolution, few studies emphasize on genetic changes in regulatory proteins. Here we investigate the evolutionary dynamics of HIV-1, targeting one of its important regulatory proteins, Tat. We performed a phylogenetic analysis and employed a Bayesian coalescent-based approach using the BEAST package to investigate the evolutionary changes in Tat over time in the process of HIV-1 evolution. HIV-1 sequences of subtypes B and C from different parts of the world were obtained from the Los Alamos database. The mean estimated nucleotide substitution rates for Tat in HIV-1 subtypes B and C were 1.53 x 10(-3) (95% highest probability density-HPD Interval: 1.09 x 10(-3) to 2.08 x 10(-3)) and 2.14 x 10(-3) (95% HPD Interval: 1.35 x 10(-3) to 2.91 x 10(-3)) per site per year, respectively, which is relatively low compared to structural proteins. The median times of the most recent common ancestors (tMRCA) were estimated to be around 1933 (95% HPD, 1907-1952) and 1956 (95% HPD, 1934-1970) for subtypes B and C, respectively. Our analysis shows that subtype C appeared in the global population two decades after the introduction of subtype B. A Gaussian Markov random field (GMRF) skyride coalescent analysis demonstrates that the early expansion rate of subtype B was quite high, rapidly progressing during the 1960s and 1970s to the early 1990s, after which the rate increased up to the 2010s. In contrast, HIV-1 subtype C exhibited a relatively slow occurrence rate until the late 1980s when there was a sharp increase up to the end of 1990s; thereafter, the rate of occurrence gradually slowed. Our study highlights the importance of examining the internal/regulatory genes of HIV-1 to understand its complete evolutionary dynamics. The study results will therefore contribute to better understanding of HIV-1 evolution.

  112. Incidence and Risk Factors of Childhood Pneumonia-Like Episodes in Biliran Island, Philippines-A Community-Based Study

    Hisato Kosai, Raita Tamaki, Mayuko Saito, Kentaro Tohma, Portia Parian Alday, Alvin Gue Tan, Marianette Tawat Inobaya, Akira Suzuki, Taro Kamigaki, Soccoro Lupisan, Veronica Tallo, Hitoshi Oshitani

    PLOS ONE 10 (5) 2015年5月

    出版者・発行元:PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE

    DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0125009  

    ISSN:1932-6203

    詳細を見る 詳細を閉じる

    Pneumonia is a leading cause of deaths in infants and young children in developing countries, including the Philippines. However, data at the community level remains limited. Our study aimed to estimate incidence and mortality rates and to evaluate risk factors and health-seeking behavior for childhood pneumonia. A household level interview survey was conducted in Biliran Island, the Philippines. Caregivers were interviewed using a semistructured questionnaire to check if children had symptoms suggesting pneumonia-like episodes from June 2011 to May 2012. Of 3,327 households visited in total, 3,302 (99.2%) agreed to participate, and 5,249 children less than 5 years of age were included in the study. Incidence rates of pneumonia-like episodes, severe pneumonia-like episodes, and pneumonia-associated mortality were 105, 61, and 0.9 per 1,000 person-years, respectively. History of asthma [hazard ratio (HR): 5.85, 95% confidence interval (CI): 4.83-7.08], low socioeconomic status (SES) (HR: 1.11, 95% CI: 1.02-1.20), and long travel time to the healthcare facility estimated by cost distance analysis (HR: 1.32, 95% CI: 1.09-1.61) were significantly associated with the occurrence of pneumonia-like episodes by the Cox proportional hazards model. For severe pneumonia-like episodes, a history of asthma (HR: 8.39, 95% CI: 6.54-10.77) and low SES (HR: 1.30, 95% CI: 1.17-1.45) were significant risk factors. Children who had a long travel time to the hospital were less likely to seek hospital care (Odds ratio: 0.32, 95% CI: 0.19-0.54) when they experienced severe pneumonia-like episodes. Incidence of pediatric pneumonia-like episodes was associated with a history of asthma, SES, and the travel time to healthcare facilities. Travel time was also identified as a strong indicator for health-seeking behavior. Improved access to healthcare facilities is important for early and effective management. Further studies are warranted to understand the causal relationship between asthma and pneumonia.

  113. Role of Preschool and Primary School Children in Epidemics of Influenza A in a Local Community in Japan during Two Consecutive Seasons with A(H3N2) as a Predominant Subtype

    Satoshi Mimura, Taro Kamigaki, Yoshihiro Takahashi, Takamichi Umenai, Mataka Kudou, Hitoshi Oshitani

    PLOS ONE 10 (5) 2015年5月

    出版者・発行元:PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE

    DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0125642  

    ISSN:1932-6203

    詳細を見る 詳細を閉じる

    Enhanced influenza surveillance was implemented to analyze transmission dynamics particularly driving force of influenza transmission in a community during 2011/12 and 2012/13 seasons in Odate City, Japan. In these two consecutive seasons, influenza A(H3N2) was the predominant influenza A subtype. Suspected influenza cases were tested by commercial rapid test kits. Demographic and epidemiological information of influenza positive cases were recorded using a standardized questionnaire, which included age or age group, date of visit, date of fever onset, and the result of rapid test kit. Epidemiological parameters including epidemic midpoint (EM) and growth rate (GR) were analyzed. In 2012/13 season, numbers of influenza A positive cases were significantly lower among preschool (212 cases) and primary school (224 cases) children than in 2011/12 season (461 and 538 cases, respectively). Simultaneously, total influenza A cases were also reduced from 2,092 in 2011/12 season to 1,846 in 2012/13 season. The EMs in preschool and primary school children were earlier than EMs for adult and all age group in both 2011/12 and 2012/13 seasons. The GR in 2012/13 season was significantly lower than that in 2011/12 season (0.11 and 0.18, respectively, p = 0.003). Multiple linear regression analysis by school districts revealed that GRs in both seasons were significantly correlated with the incidence of school age children. Our findings suggest that preschool and primary school children played an important role as a driving force of epidemics in the community in both 2011/12 and 2012/13 seasons. The reduction of total influenza A cases in 2012/13 season can be explained by decreased susceptible population in these age groups due to immunity acquired by infections in 2011/12 season. Further investigations are needed to investigate the effect of pre-existing immunity on influenza transmission in the community.

  114. Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses Detected by Influenza-Like Illness Surveillance in Leyte Island, the Philippines, 2010-2013

    Hirono Otomaru, Taro Kamigaki, Raita Tamaki, Jamie Opinion, Arlene Santo, Edgard Daya, Michiko Okamoto, Mariko Saito, Veronica Tallo, Soccoro Lupisan, Akira Suzuki, Hitoshi Oshitani

    PLOS ONE 10 (4) 2015年4月

    出版者・発行元:PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE

    DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0123755  

    ISSN:1932-6203

    詳細を見る 詳細を閉じる

    This study aimed to determine the role of influenza-like illness (ILI) surveillance conducted on Leyte Island, the Philippines, including involvement of other respiratory viruses, from 2010 to 2013. ILI surveillance was conducted from January 2010 to March 2013 with 3 sentinel sites located in Tacloban city, Palo and Tanauan of Leyte Island. ILI was defined as fever &gt;= 38 degrees C or feverish feeling and either cough or running nose in a patient of any age. Influenza virus and other 5 respiratory viruses were searched. A total of 5,550 ILI cases visited the 3 sites and specimens were collected from 2,031 (36.6%) cases. Among the cases sampled, 1,637 (75.6%) were children aged &lt;5 years. 874 (43.0%) cases were positive for at least one of the respiratory viruses tested. Influenza virus and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) were predominantly detected (both were 25.7%) followed by human rhinovirus (HRV) (17.5%). The age distributions were significantly different between those who were positive for influenza, HRV, and RSV. ILI cases were reported throughout the year and influenza virus was co-detected with those viruses on approximately half of the weeks of study period (RSV in 60.5% and HRV 47.4%). In terms of clinical manifestations, only the rates of headache and sore throat were significantly higher in influenza positive cases than cases positive to other viruses. In conclusion, syndromic ILI surveillance in this area is difficult to detect the start of influenza epidemic without laboratory confirmation which requires huge resources. Age was an important factor that affected positive rates of influenza and other respiratory viruses. Involvement of older age children may be useful to detect influenza more effectively.

  115. Molecular characterization of full-length Tat in HIV-1 subtypes B and C. 国際誌 査読有り

    Roy CN, Khandaker I, Furuse Y, Oshitani H

    Bioinformation 11 (3) 151-160 2015年3月

    DOI: 10.6026/97320630011151  

  116. Global reemergence of enterovirus D68 as an important pathogen for acute respiratory infections 査読有り

    Tadatsugu Imamura, Hitoshi Oshitani

    REVIEWS IN MEDICAL VIROLOGY 25 (2) 102-114 2015年3月

    出版者・発行元:WILEY-BLACKWELL

    DOI: 10.1002/rmv.1820  

    ISSN:1052-9276

    eISSN:1099-1654

    詳細を見る 詳細を閉じる

    We previously detected enterovirus D68 (EV-D68) in children with severe acute respiratory infections in the Philippines in 2008-2009. Since then, the detection frequency of EV-D68 has increased in different parts of the world, and EV-D68 is now recognized as a reemerging pathogen. However, the epidemiological profile and clinical significance of EV-D68 is yet to be defined, and the virological characteristics of EV-D68 are not fully understood. Recent studies have revealed that EV-D68 is detected among patients with acute respiratory infections of differing severities ranging from mild upper respiratory tract infections to severe pneumonia including fatal cases in pediatric and adult patients. In some study sites, the EV-D68 detection rate was higher among patients with lower respiratory tract infections than among those with upper respiratory tract infections, suggesting that EV-D68 infections are more likely to be associated with severe respiratory illnesses. EV-D68 strains circulating in recent years have been divided into three distinct genetic lineages with different antigenicity. However, the association between genetic differences and disease severity, as well as the occurrence of large-scale outbreaks, remains elusive. Previous studies have revealed that EV-D68 is acid sensitive and has an optimal growth temperature of 33 degrees C. EV-D68 binds to 2,6-linked sialic acids; hence, it is assumed that it has an affinity for the upper respiratory track where these glycans are present. However, the lack of suitable animal model constrains comprehensive understanding of the pathogenesis of EV-D68. (c) 2014 The Authors. Reviews in Medical Virology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

  117. Isolation and Characterization of Influenza C Viruses in the Philippines and Japan

    Takashi Odagiri, Yoko Matsuzaki, Michiko Okamoto, Akira Suzuki, Mariko Saito, Raita Tamaki, Socorro P. Lupisan, Lydia T. Sombrero, Seiji Hongo, Hitoshi Oshitani

    JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY 53 (3) 847-858 2015年3月

    出版者・発行元:AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY

    DOI: 10.1128/JCM.02628-14  

    ISSN:0095-1137

    eISSN:1098-660X

    詳細を見る 詳細を閉じる

    From November 2009 to December 2013 in the Philippines, 15 influenza C viruses were isolated, using MDCK cells, from specimens obtained from children with severe pneumonia and influenza-like illness (ILI). This is the first report of influenza C virus isolation in the Philippines. In addition, from January 2008 to December 2013, 7 influenza C viruses were isolated from specimens that were obtained from children with acute respiratory illness (ARI) in Sendai city, Japan. Antigenic analysis with monoclonal antibodies to the hemagglutinin-esterase (HE) glycoprotein showed that 19 strains (12 from the Philippines and 7 from Japan) were similar to the influenza C virus reference strain C/Sao Paulo/378/82 (SP82). Phylogenetic analysis of the HE gene showed that the strains from the Philippines and Japan formed distinct clusters within an SP82-related lineage. The clusters that included the Philippine and Japanese strains were shown to have diverged from a common ancestor around 1993. In addition, phylogenetic analysis of the internal genes showed that all strains isolated in the Philippines and Japan had emerged through reassortment events. The composition of the internal genes of the Philippine strains was different from that of the Japanese strains, although all strains were classified into an SP82-related lineage by HE gene sequence analysis. These observations suggest that the influenza C viruses analyzed here had emerged through different reassortment events; however, the time and place at which the reassortment events occurred were not determined.

  118. Molecular Epidemiology of Enterovirus D68 from 2013 to 2014 in Philippines

    Yuki Furuse, Natthawan Chaimongkol, Michiko Okamoto, Tadatsugu Imamura, Mariko Saito, Raita Tamaki, Mayuko Saito, Socorro P. Lupisan, Hitoshi Oshitani

    JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY 53 (3) 1015-1018 2015年3月

    出版者・発行元:AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY

    DOI: 10.1128/JCM.03362-14  

    ISSN:0095-1137

    eISSN:1098-660X

    詳細を見る 詳細を閉じる

    Enterovirus D68 (EV-D68) has been recognized as an important cause of acute respiratory infections. Here we report the molecular epidemiology of EV-D68 in Philippines from 2013 to 2014; we found cases in areas affected by Typhoon Haiyan and found new strains in the country.

  119. Human G3P[4] rotavirus obtained in Japan, 2013, possibly emerged through a human-equine rotavirus reassortment event 査読有り

    Rungnapa Malasao, Mayuko Saito, Akira Suzuki, Toshifumi Imagawa, Nao Nukiwa-Soma, Kentaro Tohma, Xiaofang Liu, Michiko Okamoto, Natthawan Chaimongkol, Clyde Dapat, Kazuhisa Kawamura, Yasuko Kayama, Yoshifumi Masago, Tatsuo Omura, Hitoshi Oshitani

    VIRUS GENES 50 (1) 129-133 2015年2月

    出版者・発行元:SPRINGER

    DOI: 10.1007/s11262-014-1135-z  

    ISSN:0920-8569

    eISSN:1572-994X

    詳細を見る 詳細を閉じる

    Two novel G3P[4] rotavirus strains were detected from children with acute diarrhea in Sendai, Japan, identified as a G3-P[4]-I2-R2-C2-M2-A2-N2-T2-E2-H2 genotype constellation by whole-genome sequence analysis. The VP7 gene of the two strains displayed the highest nucleotide sequence identity (91 %) and showed a close genetic relationship (99 % bootstrap value) to an equine rotavirus reported in India. The other gene segments were related to human group A rotaviruses. This report suggests a possible reassortment event between human and equine rotaviruses.

  120. Socio-demographic characteristics and geographic distribution of reported malaria cases in Bangka district, Babel island province, Indonesia during 2008-2012

    Shodiana, Taro Kamigaki, Hitoshi Oshitani

    Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Medicine and Public Health 46 (6) 965-976 2015年

    出版者・発行元:SEAMEO TROPMED Network

    ISSN:0125-1562

    詳細を見る 詳細を閉じる

    Malaria is a major health problem in many developing countries including Indonesia. The purpose of this study was to investigate the socio-demographic characteristics and geographic distribution of malaria cases in Bangka District, Bangka-Belitung Island Province, Indonesia. Bangka District is a malaria endemic area of Indonesia. We analyzed the epidemiological data of all reported malaria cases during 2008-2012 in Bangka District. Of the 4,756 malaria-confirmed cases reported during the study period, 3,234 (68. 0%) were among persons aged ≥15 years, 1,024 (21.5%) were among persons aged 5-14 years and 498 (10.5%) were among persons aged &lt 5 years. Malaria cases were primarily located along the sea coast and less frequently in inland. Malaria cases were found not only among the local population but also among migrant workers. The monthly incidence of reported malaria cases in the study population ranged from 0.06 to 1.06 per 1,000 person-months. The cases were mostly due to Plasmodium vivax (57.1%) followed by Plasmodium falciparum (40.2%). Plasmodium falciparum was more common among migrant workers while Plasmodium vivax was more common among the local population (Odds ratio 1.2 p=0.03). The main transmission vector found in the coastal area was Anopheles sundaicus. An. letifer and An. barbirostris were found inland. We identified “malaria hot-spots” in the study area using a Geographic Information System. The results of this study will contribute to the malaria control program.

  121. Seroprevalence and molecular characteristics of hepatitis E virus in household-raised pig population in the Philippines

    Xiaofang Liu, Mariko Saito, Yusuke Sayama, Ellie Suzuki, Fedelino F. Malbas, Hazel O. Galang, Yuki Furuse, Mayuko Saito, Tiancheng Li, Akira Suzuki, Hitoshi Oshitani

    BMC VETERINARY RESEARCH 11 2015年1月

    出版者・発行元:BIOMED CENTRAL LTD

    DOI: 10.1186/s12917-015-0322-z  

    ISSN:1746-6148

    詳細を見る 詳細を閉じる

    Background: Hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection is a significant public health concern in Asia, and swine is an important source of sporadic HEV infection in human. However, no epidemiological data are available regarding HEV infection among the swine or human population in the Philippines. To assess the HEV infection status among pigs in rural areas, we investigated the molecular characteristics and seroprevalence of HEV among household-raised pigs in San Jose, Tarlac Province, the Philippines. Result: Serum and rectal swab samples were collected from 299 pigs aged 2-24 months from 155 households in four barangays (villages) between July 2010 and June 2011. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) revealed that 50.3% [95% confidence interval (CI) 44.5-56.2%] and 22.9% (95% CI 18.2-28.1%) of pigs tested positive for anti-HEV IgG and IgM, respectively. HEV RNA was detected in the feces of 22 pigs (7.4%, 95% CI 4.7-10.9%). A total of 103 households (66.5%, 95% CI 58.4-73.8%) had at least one pig that tested positive for anti-HEV IgG or IgM or HEV RNA. The prevalence of anti-HEV IgG and IgM in breeding pig (8-24 months) were higher than that in growing pigs (2-4 months) (p &lt; 0.0001 and p = 0.008, respectively). HEV RNA was more frequently detected in 2-4-month-old pigs (9.2%, 95% CI 5.4-14.6%) than in &gt;= 5-month-old pigs (4.8%, 95% CI 1.1-8.5%) without statistical significance (p = 0.142). HEV RNA showed 0-27.6% nucleotide difference at the partial ORF2 gene among the detected viruses, and a majority of them belonged to subtype 3a (20/22, 90.9%). Conclusion: We found a high prevalence of HEV antibodies in the household-raised pig population in rural areas of the Philippines, which indicates the potential risk of HEV infection among local residents. Only genotype 3 of HEV was observed, and genetically diverse strains of HEV were found to be circulating in pigs in this study.

  122. Characteristics of a Plasma-induced Flow using a Mesh Electrode for Viral Inactivation

    Yuji Kudo, Michiko Okamoto, Takehiko Sato, Daisuke Yoshino, Akira Suzuki, Hitoshi Oshitani

    Proceedings of the 14th International Symposium on Advanced Fluid Information (AFI2014) 106-107 2014年10月9日

  123. Epidemiology and impact of influenza in Mongolia, 2007-2012 査読有り

    Alexanderyn Burmaa, Taro Kamigaki, Badarchyn Darmaa, Pagbajabyn Nymadawa, Hitoshi Oshitani

    INFLUENZA AND OTHER RESPIRATORY VIRUSES 8 (5) 530-537 2014年9月

    出版者・発行元:WILEY-BLACKWELL

    DOI: 10.1111/irv.12268  

    ISSN:1750-2640

    eISSN:1750-2659

    詳細を見る 詳細を閉じる

    BackgroundMongolia's Health Service began to conduct surveillance for influenza in the 1970s. This surveillance has become more comprehensive over time and now includes 155 sentinel sites in Mongolia. In this study, we analyzed the epidemiological characteristics and impact of influenza using data from influenza surveillance in Mongolia. Materials and methodsThe data were collected by the National Influenza Center, Mongolia (NIC). Incidence rates of influenza-like illness (ILI) and severe acute respiratory infections (sARI) were calculated as the proportion of the number of ILI and sARI cases to the total population in the studied areas. Nasopharyngeal samples were collected and tested using real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction [(rt)-RT-PCR]. Selected samples negative for influenza were tested for other respiratory pathogens by multiplex rt-RT-PCR. ResultsAverages of 140 ILI and 08 sARI episodes per 100 population per year were observed during the five influenza seasons. The highest incidences of influenza associated with ILI and sARI were observed among children 0-4years old. The number of ILI cases showed a clear seasonality, generally peaking between December and February. In contrast, sARI incidence peaked twice during each season. Influenza B was most prevalent during 2007-2008 and 2011-2012, influenza A (H3N2) during 2010-2011, seasonal A (H1N1) during 2008-2009, and A (H1N1) pdm09 during 2009-2010. ConclusionsAdditional data on the epidemiology and impact of influenza including socioeconomic impact and vaccine effectiveness are required to develop a national influenza control policy, including a vaccination strategy. Our results provide useful data for developing such a policy.

  124. Analysis of medical consultation interval between the symptom onset and consultation observed in multiple medical facilities in Odate city, Japan, 2011/2012 and 2012/2013 seasons 査読有り

    Xiang Huo, Taro Kamigaki, Satoshi Mimura, Yoshihiro Takahashi, Hitoshi Oshitani

    JOURNAL OF INFECTION AND CHEMOTHERAPY 20 (5-6) 370-374 2014年5月

    出版者・発行元:SPRINGER JAPAN KK

    DOI: 10.1016/j.jiac.2014.02.005  

    ISSN:1341-321X

    eISSN:1437-7780

    詳細を見る 詳細を閉じる

    Background: Influenza remains one of the most important causes of respiratory infection despite the widespread availability of vaccines. Anti-influenza viral agents such as neuraminidase inhibitors are generally efficacious in alleviating the symptoms if they are administered within 2 days of the illness onset. However, few studies have examined the situation of interval between illness onset and medical consultation in influenza outpatients on community level. And the predictors or determinants for longer medical consultation interval have not been well-defined. Material and method: An enhanced surveillance study was conducted in Odate city of Japan in 2 consecutive seasons from 2011 to 2013. The late consultation rate (&gt;2 days) and its risk factors were investigated in confirmed influenza outpatients. Results: A proportion of 5.5% of patients visited doctors beyond 2 days of illness onset. Illness onset during non-high-incidence period, infection with influenza B and being adult or elderly were identified as independent risk factors for late consultation and the risk increased with the number of risk factors. Conclusion: The consultation behavior for influenza was generally well in our study population. Identified risk factors should be addressed in health education and promotion for the late consultation. (C) 2014, Japanese Society of Chemotherapy and The Japanese Association for Infectious Diseases. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  125. School closures during the 2009 influenza pandemic: national and local experiences 査読有り

    Simon Cauchemez, Maria D. Van Kerkhove, Brett N. Archer, Martin Cetron, Benjamin J. Cowling, Peter Grove, Darren Hunt, Mira Kojouharova, Predrag Kon, Kumnuan Ungchusak, Hitoshi Oshitani, Andrea Pugliese, Caterina Rizzo, Guillaume Saour, Tomimase Sunagawa, Amra Uzicanin, Claude Wachtel, Isaac Weisfuse, Hongjie Yu, Angus Nicoll

    BMC INFECTIOUS DISEASES 14 207-207 2014年4月

    出版者・発行元:BIOMED CENTRAL LTD

    DOI: 10.1186/1471-2334-14-207  

    ISSN:1471-2334

    詳細を見る 詳細を閉じる

    Background: School closure is a non-pharmaceutical intervention that was considered in many national pandemic plans developed prior to the start of the influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 pandemic, and received considerable attention during the event. Here, we retrospectively review and compare national and local experiences with school closures in several countries during the A(H1N1) pdm09 pandemic. Our intention is not to make a systematic review of country experiences; rather, it is to present the diversity of school closure experiences and provide examples from national and local perspectives. Methods: Data were gathered during and following a meeting, organized by the European Centres for Disease Control, on school closures held in October 2010 in Stockholm, Sweden. A standard data collection form was developed and sent to all participants. The twelve participating countries and administrative regions (Bulgaria, China, France, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (SAR), Italy, Japan, New Zealand, Serbia, South Africa, Thailand, United Kingdom, and United States) provided data. Results: Our review highlights the very diverse national and local experiences on school closures during the A (H1N1) pdm09 pandemic. The processes including who was in charge of making recommendations and who was in charge of making the decision to close, the school-based control strategies, the extent of school closures, the public health tradition of responses and expectations on school closure varied greatly between countries. Our review also discusses the many challenges associated with the implementation of this intervention and makes recommendations for further practical work in this area. Conclusions: The single most important factor to explain differences observed between countries may have been the different public health practises and public expectations concerning school closures and influenza in the selected countries.

  126. Short Report: Molecular Detection of Hepatitis E Virus in Rivers in the Philippines 査読有り

    Tian-Cheng Li, Tingting Yang, Tomoyuki Shiota, Sayaka Yoshizaki, Hiromu Yoshida, Mariko Saito, Toshifumi Imagawa, Fidelino F. Malbas, Socorro P. Lupisan, Hitoshi Oshitani, Takaji Wakita, Koji Ishii

    AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE 90 (4) 764-766 2014年4月

    出版者・発行元:AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE

    DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.13-0562  

    ISSN:0002-9637

    eISSN:1476-1645

    詳細を見る 詳細を閉じる

    To understand the hepatitis E virus (HEV)-pollution status in the environment in the Philippines, a total of 12 water samples were collected from rivers in Manila City for detection of HEV RNA. Three of 12 samples were positive for HEV RNA indicating that HEV is circulating in the Philippines. Phylogenetic analysis classified all of the HEV sequences into genotype 3.

  127. Phylogeographic analysis of rabies viruses in the Philippines 査読有り

    Kentaro Tohma, Mariko Saito, Taro Kamigaki, Laarni T. Tuason, Catalino S. Demetria, Jun Ryan C. Orbina, Dania L. Manalo, Mary E. Miranda, Akira Noguchi, Satoshi Inoue, Akira Suzuki, Beatriz P. Quiambao, Hitoshi Oshitani

    INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 23 86-94 2014年4月

    出版者・発行元:ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV

    DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2014.01.026  

    ISSN:1567-1348

    eISSN:1567-7257

    詳細を見る 詳細を閉じる

    Rabies still remains a public health threat in the Philippines. A significant number of human rabies cases, about 200-300 cases annually, have been reported, and the country needs an effective strategy for rabies control. To develop an effective control strategy, it is important to understand the transmission patterns of the rabies viruses. We conducted phylogenetic analyses by considering the temporal and spatial evolution of rabies viruses to reveal the transmission dynamics in the Philippines. After evaluating the molecular clock and phylogeographic analysis, we estimated that the Philippine strains were introduced from China around the beginning of 20th century. Upon this introduction, the rabies viruses evolved within the Philippines to form three major clades, and there was no indication of introduction of other rabies viruses from any other country. However, within the Philippines, island-to-island migrations were observed. Since then, the rabies viruses have diffused and only evolved within each island group. The evolutionary pattern of these viruses was strongly shaped by geographical boundaries: The association index statistics demonstrated a strong spatial structure within the island group, indicating that the seas were a significant geographical barrier for viral dispersal. Strong spatial structure was also observed even at a regional level, and most of the viral migrations (79.7% of the total median number) in Luzon were observed between neighboring regions. Rabies viruses were genetically clustered at a regional level, and this strong spatial structure suggests a geographical clustering of transmission chains and the potential effectiveness of rabies control that targets geographical clustering. Dog vaccination campaigns have been conducted independently by local governments in the Philippines, but it could be more effective to implement a coordinated vaccination campaign among neighboring areas to eliminate geographically-clustered rabies transmission chaihs. (C) 2014 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.

  128. Impact of Human Adenovirus Serotype 7 in Hospitalized Children with Severe Fatal Pneumonia in the Philippines 査読有り

    Dai Yamamoto, Michiko Okamoto, Socorro Lupisan, Akira Suzuki, Mariko Saito, Raita Tamaki, Amado Tandoc, Edelwisa Mercado, Lydia Sombrero, Remigio Olveda, Hitoshi Oshitani

    JAPANESE JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES 67 (2) 105-110 2014年3月

    出版者・発行元:NATL INST INFECTIOUS DISEASES

    DOI: 10.7883/yoken.67.105  

    ISSN:1344-6304

    eISSN:1884-2836

    詳細を見る 詳細を閉じる

    Human adenovirus (HAdV) serotype 7 is an important etiological agent of severe childhood pneumonia. The aim of this study was to define the role of HAdV7 and to describe its clinical and molecular epidemiological characteristics in the Philippines in 2011. HAdVs were detected by viral culture, and a partial region of hexon gene was sequenced. A total of 700 patients were enrolled, of which 22 (3.1%) died. Nine (1.3%) HAdV cases were confirmed, of which 7 were positive for HAdV7, 1 for HAdV3, and 1 for HAdV5. Among the 9 HAdV-positive cases, 4 (44%) with HAdV7 died. Molecular analysis revealed that all HAdV7 isolates were closely related to genome type h strains. This study demonstrated the significance of HAdV7 as an etiological agent of severe pediatric pneumonia with a high fatality rate. Hence, continuous monitoring is required to define the clinical and public health significance of HAdV7 infection.

  129. Estimating influenza outpatients' and inpatients' incidences from 2009 to 2011 in a tropical urban setting in the Philippines 査読有り

    Veronica L. Tallo, Taro Kamigaki, Alvin G. Tan, Rochelle R. Pamaran, Portia P. Alday, Edelwisa S. Mercado, Jenaline B. Javier, Hitoshi Oshitani, Remigio M. Olveda

    INFLUENZA AND OTHER RESPIRATORY VIRUSES 8 (2) 159-168 2014年3月

    出版者・発行元:WILEY-BLACKWELL

    DOI: 10.1111/irv.12223  

    ISSN:1750-2640

    eISSN:1750-2659

  130. Antigenic and Receptor Binding Properties of Enterovirus 68 査読有り

    Tadatsugu Imamura, Michiko Okamoto, Shin-ichi Nakakita, Akira Suzuki, Mariko Saito, Raita Tamaki, Socorro Lupisan, Chandra Nath Roy, Hiroaki Hiramatsu, Kan-etsu Sugawara, Katsumi Mizuta, Yoko Matsuzaki, Yasuo Suzuki, Hitoshi Oshitani

    JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY 88 (5) 2374-2384 2014年3月

    出版者・発行元:AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY

    DOI: 10.1128/JVI.03070-13  

    ISSN:0022-538X

    eISSN:1098-5514

    詳細を見る 詳細を閉じる

    Increased detection of enterovirus 68 (EV68) among patients with acute respiratory infections has been reported from different parts of the world in the late 2000s since its first detection in pediatric patients with lower-respiratory-tract infections in 1962. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms for this trend are still unknown. We therefore aimed to study the antigenicity and receptor binding properties of EV68 detected in recent years in comparison to the prototype strain of EV68, the Fermon strain. We first performed neutralization (NT) and hemagglutination inhibition (HI) tests using antisera generated for EV68 strains detected in recent years. We found that the Fermon strain had lower HI and NT titers than recently detected EV68 strains. The HI and NT titers were also significantly different between strains of different genetic lineages among recently detected EV68 strains. We further studied receptor binding specificities of EV68 strains for sialyloligosaccharides using glycan array analysis. In glycan array analysis, all tested EV68 strains showed affinity for alpha 2-6-linked sialic acids (alpha 2-6 SAs) compared to alpha 2-3 SAs. Our study demonstrates that emergence of strains with different antigenicity is the possible reason for the increased detection of EV68 in recent years. Additionally, we found that EV68 preferably binds to alpha 2-6 SAs, which suggests that EV68 might have affinity for the upper respiratory tract. IMPORTANCE Numbers of cases of enterovirus 68 (EV68) infection in different parts of the world increased significantly in the late 2000s. We studied the antigenicity and receptor binding properties of recently detected EV68 strains in comparison to the prototype strain of EV68, Fermon. The hemagglutination inhibition (HI) and neutralization (NT) titers were significantly different between strains of different genetic lineages among recently detected EV68 strains. We further studied receptor binding specificities of EV68 strains for sialyloligosaccharides using glycan array analysis, which showed affinity for alpha 2-6-linked sialic acids (alpha 2-6 SAs) compared to alpha 2-3 SAs. Our study suggested that the emergence of strains with different antigenicities was the possible reason for the increased detections of EV68 in recent years. Additionally, we revealed that EV68 preferably binds to alpha 2-6 SAs. This is the first report describing the properties of EV68 receptor binding to the specific types of sialic acids.

  131. Investigation of an Influenza A (H3N2) outbreak in evacuation centres following the Great East Japan earthquake, 2011 査読有り

    Taro Kamigaki, Jin Seino, Kentaro Tohma, Nao Nukiwa-Soma, Kanako Otani, Hitoshi Oshitani

    BMC PUBLIC HEALTH 14 34-34 2014年1月

    出版者・発行元:BIOMED CENTRAL LTD

    DOI: 10.1186/1471-2458-14-34  

    ISSN:1471-2458

    詳細を見る 詳細を閉じる

    Background: The Great East Japan Earthquake of magnitude 9.0 that struck on 11 March 2011 resulted in more than 18000 deaths or cases of missing persons. The large-scale tsunami that followed the earthquake devastated many coastal areas of the Tohoku region, including Miyagi Prefecture, and many residents of the tsunami-affected areas were compelled to reside in evacuation centres (ECs). In Japan, seasonal influenza epidemics usually occur between December and March. At the time of the Great East Japan Earthquake on 11 March 2011, influenza A (H3N2) was still circulating and there was a heightened concern regarding severe outbreaks due to influenza A (H3N2). Methods: After local hospital staff and public health nurses detected influenza cases among the evacuees, an outbreak investigation was conducted in five ECs that had reported at least one influenza case from 23 March to 11 April 2011. Cases were confirmed by point-of-care tests and those residues were obtained and subjected to reverse transcription PCR and/or real time RT-PCR for sub-typing of influenza. Results: There were 105 confirmed cases detected during the study period with a mean attack rate of 5.3% (range, 0.8%-11.1%). An epidemiological tree for two ECs demonstrated same-room and familial links that accounted for 88.5% of cases. The majority of cases occurred in those aged 15-64 years, who were likely to have engaged in search and rescue activities. No deaths were reported in this outbreak. Familial link accounted for on average 40.5% of influenza cases in two ECs and rooms where two or more cases were reported accounted for on average 85% in those ECs. A combination of preventative measures, including case cohorting, personal hygiene, wearing masks, and early detection and treatment, were implemented during the outbreak period. Conclusions: Influenza can cause outbreaks in a disaster setting when the disaster occurs during an epidemic influenza season. The transmission route is more likely to be associated with sharing room and space and with familial links. The importance of influenza surveillance and early treatments should be emphasized in EC settings for implementing preventive control measures.

  132. [Oseltamivir resistance among pandemic A(H1N1)2009 viruses between 2009 and 2011 in Guangzhou]. 査読有り

    Guan, Wenda Tsui, Stephen K W Lee, Simon M Y Yang, Zifeng Luo, Yi Li, Xiaobo Wu, Shiguan Wang, Yutao Oshitani, Hitoshi Suzuki, Akira Chen, Rongchang Zhong, Nanshan

    Zhonghua Jie He He Hu Xi Za Zhi 37 (1) 16-20 2014年1月

  133. Detection of enterovirus 68 in serum from pediatric patients with pneumonia and their clinical outcomes 査読有り

    Tadatsugu Imamura, Akira Suzuki, Socorro Lupisan, Taro Kamigaki, Michiko Okamoto, Chandra Nath Roy, Remigio Olveda, Hitoshi Oshitani

    INFLUENZA AND OTHER RESPIRATORY VIRUSES 8 (1) 21-24 2014年1月

    出版者・発行元:WILEY-BLACKWELL

    DOI: 10.1111/irv.12206  

    ISSN:1750-2640

    eISSN:1750-2659

    詳細を見る 詳細を閉じる

    Enterovirus 68 (EV68) infection occasionally manifests with fatal outcomes. However, detection of EV68 in serum and its clinical outcomes are yet to be determined. In this study, we retrospectively tested stored serum samples collected from pediatric pneumonia patients whose nasopharyngeal specimens were positive for EV68. Of total 28 nasopharyngeal sample-positive patients, EV68 was detected in serum samples among 12 (43%) patients aged between 1 and 4years. Our results suggest that EV68 can cause viremia by which the virus may exhibit systemic manifestations.

  134. Molecular evolution of the hemagglutinin and neuraminidase genes of pandemic (H1N1) 2009 influenza viruses in Sendai, Japan, during 2009-2011 査読有り

    Irona Khandaker, Akira Suzuki, Taro Kamigaki, Kentaro Tohma, Takashi Odagiri, Takashi Okada, Ayumu Ohno, Kanako Otani, Rumi Sawayama, Kazuhisa Kawamura, Michiko Okamoto, Hitoshi Oshitani

    VIRUS GENES 47 (3) 456-466 2013年12月

    出版者・発行元:SPRINGER

    DOI: 10.1007/s11262-013-0980-5  

    ISSN:0920-8569

    eISSN:1572-994X

    詳細を見る 詳細を閉じる

    Analyzing the evolutionary pattern of the influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 strain in different regions is important for understanding its diversification. We therefore conducted this study to elucidate the genetic variability and molecular evolution of the influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 strains that circulated during the 2009-2010 and 2010-2011 influenza seasons in Sendai, Japan. Nasopharyngeal swab specimens were collected from patients with influenza-like illnesses who visited outpatient clinics in Sendai City, Japan, from September 2009 to April 2011. A total of 75 isolates were selected from September 2009 to April 2011 to analyze the genetic changes in the entire hemagglutinin 1 (HA1) segment of the HA gene and the neuraminidase (NA) gene based on sequence analysis. Bayesian coalescent Markov chain Monte Carlo analyses of HA1 and NA gene sequences were performed for further analysis. High sequence identities were observed for HA1 and NA in influenza A(H1N1)pdm09, displaying 99.06 and 99.33 % nucleotide identities, respectively, with the A(H1N1)pdm09 vaccine strain A/California/07/2009. The substitution rates of nucleotides for HA1 in the 2009-2010 and 2010-2011 were 1.5 x 10(-3) and 1.6 x 10(-3) substitutions per site per year, respectively. Phylogenetic tree analysis demonstrated that Sendai isolates were clustered into global clade 7, which is characterized by an S203T mutation in the HA1 gene. Moreover, two distinct circulation clusters were present in the 2010-2011 season. Mutations were present in antigenic or receptor-binding domains of the HA1 segment, including A141V, S143G, S183P, S185T, and S203T. The Bayesian skyline plot model illustrated a steady rate for the maintenance of genetic diversity, followed by a slight increase in the later part of the 2010-2011 season. Selection analysis revealed that the HA1 (position 197) and NA (position 46) sites were under positive selection; however, no known mutation conferring resistance to NA inhibitors such as H275Y was observed. The effect on control of the influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 virus, including vaccine strain selection, requires continuous monitoring of the strain by genetic surveillance.

  135. Characteristics of Non-equilibrium Plasma Flow for Viral Inactivation

    Yuji Kudo, Michiko Okamoto, Daisuke Yoshino, Takehiko Sato, Akira Suzuki, Hitoshi Oshitani

    Proceedings of the 13th International Symposium on Advanced Fluid Information (AFI 2013) 66-67 2013年11月26日

  136. Epidemiological Characterization of Influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 Cases from 2009 to 2010 in Baguio City, the Philippines 査読有り

    Rochelle R. Pamaran, Taro Kamigaki, Teresita T. Hewe, Korrine Madeleine C. Flores, Edelwisa S. Mercado, Portia P. Alday, Alvin G. Tan, Hitoshi Oshitani, Remigio M. Olveda, Veronica L. Tallo

    PLOS ONE 8 (11) e79916-e79916 2013年11月

    出版者・発行元:PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE

    DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0079916  

    ISSN:1932-6203

    詳細を見る 詳細を閉じる

    Background: Baguio City, Philippines experienced its first influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 [ A(H1)pdm09] case in May 2009. In spite of numerous reports describing the epidemiological and clinical features of A(H1)pdm09 cases, there are no studies about A(H1)pdm09 epidemiology in the Philippines, where year-round influenza activity was observed. Objectives: We aimed to investigate the epidemiological and clinical features of A(H1)pdm09 in pandemic and post-pandemic periods. Methods: Data were collected under enhanced surveillance of influenza-like illness (ILI) and severe acute respiratory infection (SARI) from January 2009 to December 2010. RT-PCR was used to detect A(H1)pdm09, following the protocol of the United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The reproduction number was computed as a simple exponential growth rate. Differences in proportional and categorical data were examined using chi-square test or Fishers' exact test. Results and Conclusions: The outbreak was observed from week 25 to 35 in 2009 and from week 24 to 37 in 2010. The highest proportion of cases was among children aged 5-14 years. The number of ILI outpatients was 2.3-fold higher in 2009 than in 2010, while the number of inpatients was 1.8-fold higher in 2009. No significant difference in gender was observed during the two periods. The clinical condition of all patients was generally mild and self-limiting, with only 2 mortalities among inpatients in 2009. The basic reproduction number was estimated as 1.16 in 2009 and 1.05 in 2010 in the assumption of mean generation time as 2.6 days. School children played a significant role in facilitating influenza transmission.

  137. [Infectious disease surveillance in Miyagi after the Great East Japan Earthquake]. 査読有り

    Kim, Mihyun Kamigaki, Taro Mimura, Satoshi Oshitani, Hitoshi

    Nihon Koshu Eisei Zasshi 60 (10) 659-664 2013年10月

    出版者・発行元:日本公衆衛生学会

    DOI: 10.11236/jph.60.10_659  

    ISSN:0546-1766

  138. Molecular Evolution of Enterovirus 68 Detected in the Philippines 査読有り

    Tadatsugu Imamura, Akira Suzuki, Socorro Lupisan, Michiko Okamoto, Rapunzel Aniceto, Rutchie J. Egos, Edgardo E. Daya, Raita Tamaki, Mariko Saito, Naoko Fuji, Chandra Nath Roy, Jaime M. Opinion, Arlene V. Santo, Noel G. Macalalad, Amado Tandoc, Lydia Sombrero, Remigio Olveda, Hitoshi Oshitani

    PLOS ONE 8 (9) e74221-e74221 2013年9月

    出版者・発行元:PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE

    DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0074221  

    ISSN:1932-6203

    詳細を見る 詳細を閉じる

    Background: Detection of Enterovirus 68 (EV68) has recently been increased. However, underlying evolutionary mechanism of this increasing trend is not fully understood. Methods: Nasopharyngeal swabs were collected from 5,240 patients with acute respiratory infections in the Philippines from June 2009 to December 2011. EV68 was detected by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) targeting for 5' untranslated region (5' UTR), viral protein 1 (VP1), and VP4/VP2. Phylogenetic trees were generated using the obtained sequences. Results: Of the 5,240 tested samples, 12 EV68 positive cases were detected between August and December in 2011 (detection rate, 0.23%). The detection rate was higher among inpatients than outpatients (p&lt;0.0001). Among VP1 sequences detected from 7 patients in 2011, 5 in lineage 2 were diverged from those detected in the Philippines in 2008, however, 2 in lineage 3 were not diverged from strains detected in the Philippines in 2008 but closely associated with strains detected in the United States. Combined with our previous report, EV68 occurrences were observed twice in the Philippines within the last four years. Conclusions: EV68 detections might be occurring in cyclic patterns, and viruses might have been maintained in the community while some strains might have been newly introduced.

  139. Hemagglutination mediated by the spike protein of cell-adapted bovine torovirus 査読有り

    Kozue Shimabukuro, Makoto Ujike, Toshihiro Ito, Hiroshi Tsunemitsu, Hitoshi Oshitani, Fumihiro Taguchi

    ARCHIVES OF VIROLOGY 158 (7) 1561-1566 2013年7月

    出版者・発行元:SPRINGER WIEN

    DOI: 10.1007/s00705-013-1636-4  

    ISSN:0304-8608

    詳細を見る 詳細を閉じる

    Bovine torovirus (BToV)-Aichi, recently isolated in cultured cells, showed hemagglutination (HA) activity, although the virus has a truncated hemagglutinin-esterase (HE) protein, judging from its gene structure, indicating the existence of another viral protein with HA activity. We examined whether the spike (S) protein possesses HA activity. A BToV antiserum used in this study, reactive to S but not to HE, inhibited HA activity. Furthermore, cells infected with BToV and those expressing S showed hemadsorption (HAD) activity, which was inhibited by the anti-BToV serum; however, HAD activity by expressed HE was not blocked. These data indicate that the S protein of BToV-Aichi is responsible for its HA activity.

  140. Prospects for emerging infections in East and Southeast Asia 10 years after severe acute respiratory syndrome 査読有り

    Peter W. Horby, Dirk Pfeiffer, Hitoshi Oshitani

    Emerging Infectious Diseases 19 (6) 853-860 2013年6月

    DOI: 10.3201/eid1906.121783  

    ISSN:1080-6040 1080-6059

    詳細を見る 詳細を閉じる

    It is 10 years since severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) emerged, and East and Southeast Asia retain a reputation as a hot spot of emerging infectious diseases. The region is certainly a hot spot of socioeconomic and environmental change, and although some changes (e.g., urbanization and agricultural intensification) may reduce the probability of emerging infectious diseases, the effect of any individual emergence event may be increased by the greater concentration and connectivity of livestock, persons, and products. The region is now better able to detect and respond to emerging infectious diseases than it was a decade ago, but the tools and methods to produce sufficiently refined assessments of the risks of disease emergence are still lacking. Given the continued scale and pace of change in East and Southeast Asia, it is vital that capabilities for predicting, identifying, and controlling biologic threats do not stagnate as the memory of SARS fades.

  141. 東北大学大学院医学系研究科による東日本大震災被災者支援の試み 地域保健支援センターの活動

    中原篤史, 柿崎真沙子, 佐藤眞理, 佐藤紀子, 平野かよ子, 押谷仁, 辻一郎

    公衆衛生 77 (5) 416-420 2013年5月15日

    出版者・発行元:医学書院

    DOI: 10.11477/mf.1401102743  

    ISSN:1882-1170 0368-5187

  142. Genetic characterization of human respiratory syncytial virus detected in hospitalized children in the Philippines from 2008 to 2012 査読有り

    Ayumu Ohno, Akira Suzuki, Socorro Lupisan, Hazel Galang, Lydia Sombrero, Rapunzel Aniceto, Michiko Okamoto, Mariko Saito, Naoko Fuji, Hirono Otomaru, Chandra Nath Roy, Dai Yamamoto, Raita Tamaki, Remigio Olveda, Hitoshi Oshitani

    JOURNAL OF CLINICAL VIROLOGY 57 (1) 59-65 2013年5月

    出版者・発行元:ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV

    DOI: 10.1016/j.jcv.2013.01.001  

    ISSN:1386-6532

    詳細を見る 詳細を閉じる

    Background: Human respiratory syncytial virus (HRSV) is the leading cause of acute lower respiratory tract infection in infants and young children. However, molecular characteristic of HRSV is still unknown in the Philippines. Objective: To describe the molecular epidemiology of circulating HRSV detected in the Philippines. Study design: From May 2008 to April 2012, nasopharyngeal swabs were collected from infants and children aged between 7 days and 14 years who were hospitalized with severe pneumonia. HRSV was detected by nested PCR targeting M2 gene, and C-terminus of the G gene was sequenced for phylogenetic analysis. Result: Out of total 2150 samples, 19.3% (n = 415) were positive for HRSV, and 65.0% of them (n = 270) were identified as HRSV-A and 35.0% (n = 145) as HRSV-B. There were two major HRSV outbreaks: between June 2008 and February 2009, and between June and March 2012. Majority of HRSV strains detected during the former outbreak were HRSV-A (97.5%, 203/208) whereas during the later outbreak, both HRSV-A (54/158, 34.2%) and HRSV-B (104/158, 65.8%) were detected. All HRSV-A strains were classified as genotype NA1 and all HRSV-B as genotype BA, which had 60-nucleotide duplication in secondary hypervariable region of the G gene. Among HRSV-B positive samples, there were 2 distinct clusters with unique amino acid changes and low homology in compared to other strains in BA, suggesting emergence of new variant of HRSV-B. Conclusion: The study provides an overview of the genetic variation in circulating HRSV viruses in the Philippines along with identification of possibly a novel variant of HRSV-B. (C) 2013 Elsevier B. V. All rights reserved.

  143. A case report of a patient in whom antibodies against the 2009 pandemic influenza A/H1N1 virus have been present since June 1999 査読有り

    Masashi Yoshida, Hirotoshi Sugino, Tadashi Iizuka, Liu Xiaofang, Akira Suzuki, Hitoshi Oshitani, Tatsuo Suzutani, Kazufumi Ikuta

    HUMAN VACCINES & IMMUNOTHERAPEUTICS 9 (5) 989-992 2013年5月

    出版者・発行元:LANDES BIOSCIENCE

    DOI: 10.4161/hv.23427  

    ISSN:2164-5515

    eISSN:2164-554X

    詳細を見る 詳細を閉じる

    A 69-y-old man with a history of hepatitis C since May 1985 and his 6 healthy immediate relatives were examined for hemagglutination inhibition antibodies against 2009 pandemic influenza A/H1N1 virus. This patient had a hemagglutination inhibition antibody titer of 640 against 2009 pandemic influenza A/H1N1 virus in a serum sample collected on July 4, 1999, and the antibody titers fluctuated between 40 and 320 in serum samples collected after 1999. The fluctuations in hemagglutination inhibition antibody titers against pandemic 2009 influenza A/H1N1 virus were not consistent with his history of seasonal influenza, and our results suggest a relationship to his vaccination with seasonal trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine. This patient as well as three relatives showed cross-reactive antibody titers of 10 or more against 2009 pandemic A/H1N1 influenza virus in serum samples taken after June 1999. From these results we conclude that the cross-reactivity to pandemic 2009 A/H1N1 influenza virus emerged after June 1999.

  144. ラオス人民民主共和国中部における乾燥ろ紙血を用いたHBs抗原調査 多段階層化収束抽出法による小児及び母親の陽性率推定(Seroprevalence of chronic hepatitis B among children and their mothers in central Lao People's Democratic Republic: A multistage stratified cluster sampling survey using dried blood spots)

    Vongphrachanh Phengta, Xeuatvongsa Anonh, 押谷 仁, 蜂矢 正彦, 駒田 謙一, 木多村 知美, 清原 知子, 脇田 隆字, 杉山 真也, 溝上 雅史

    感染症学雑誌 87 (1) 156-157 2013年1月

    出版者・発行元:(一社)日本感染症学会

    ISSN:0387-5911

  145. ラオス人民民主共和国全国における迅速キットを用いたHBs抗原調査 多段階層化収束抽出法による小児及び母親の陽性率推定(Seroprevalence of chronic hepatitis B among children and their mothers in Lao People's Democratic Republic: A nationwide multistage stratified cluster sampling survey using rapid field tests)

    Xeuatvongsa Anonh, Vongphrachanh Phengta, 押谷 仁, 蜂矢 正彦, 駒田 謙一, 木多村 知美, 杉山 真也, 溝上 雅史, 石井 孝司, 脇田 隆字

    感染症学雑誌 87 (1) 157-157 2013年1月

    出版者・発行元:(一社)日本感染症学会

    ISSN:0387-5911

  146. Genetic diversity and geographic distribution of genetically distinct rabies viruses in the Philippines. 国際誌 査読有り

    Mariko Saito, Hitoshi Oshitani, Jun Ryan C Orbina, Kentaro Tohma, Alice S de Guzman, Taro Kamigaki, Catalino S Demetria, Daria L Manalo, Mary Elizabeth G Miranda, Akira Noguchi, Satoshi Inoue, Beatriz P Quiambao

    PLoS neglected tropical diseases 7 (4) e2144-e2144 2013年

    DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0002144  

    詳細を見る 詳細を閉じる

    BACKGROUND: Rabies continues to be a major public health problem in the Philippines, where 200-300 human cases were reported annually between 2001 and 2011. Understanding the phylogeography of rabies viruses is important for establishing a more effective and feasible control strategy. METHODS: We performed a molecular analysis of rabies viruses in the Philippines using rabied animal brain samples. The samples were collected from 11 of 17 regions, which covered three island groups (Luzon, Visayas, and Mindanao). Partial nucleoprotein (N) gene sequencing was performed on 57 samples and complete glycoprotein (G) gene sequencing was performed on 235 samples collected between 2004 and 2010. RESULTS: The Philippine strains of rabies viruses were included in a distinct phylogenetic cluster, previously named Asian 2b, which appeared to have diverged from the Chinese strain named Asian 2a. The Philippine strains were further divided into three major clades, which were found exclusively in different island groups: clades L, V, and M in Luzon, Visayas, and Mindanao, respectively. Clade L was subdivided into nine subclades (L1-L9) and clade V was subdivided into two subclades (V1 and V2). With a few exceptions, most strains in each subclade were distributed in specific geographic areas. There were also four strains that were divided into two genogroups but were not classified into any of the three major clades, and all four strains were found in the island group of Luzon. CONCLUSION: We detected three major clades and two distinct genogroups of rabies viruses in the Philippines. Our data suggest that viruses of each clade and subclade evolved independently in each area without frequent introduction into other areas. An important implication of these data is that geographically targeted dog vaccination using the island group approach may effectively control rabies in the Philippines.

  147. [Researches on virology at the Tohoku University Research Center in the Philippines]. 査読有り

    Hitoshi Oshitani, Mariko Saito, Michiko Okamoto, Raita Tamaki, Taro Kamigaki, Akira Suzuki

    Uirusu 63 (1) 45-50 2013年

    ISSN:0042-6857

    詳細を見る 詳細を閉じる

    Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine has established the Tohoku-RITM Collaborative Research Center on Emerging and Re-emerging Diseases at Research Institute for Tropical Medicine (RITM) in the Philippines in 2008. Our aim of the center is to conduct operational researches, which can contribute to control of infectious diseases in the Philippines. Therefore most of our researches in the Philippines are being conducted in the fields. Main research themes include severe acute respiratory infections in children, influenza disease burden study, molecular epidemiology of rabies, and viral etiology of acute diarrhea. The study on severe acute respiratory infections in children in Leyte Island has recruited hospitalized cases with severe pneumonia. We showed that enterovirus 68 was one of important causative agents in severe pneumonia cases. We also conducted other analyses including molecular epidemiology of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and pathogenesis of human rhinoviruses (HRV). Based on these studies, we initiated more comprehensive researches in the Philippines since 2010.

  148. Impact of the Tohoku earthquake and tsunami on pneumonia hospitalisations and mortality among adults in northern Miyagi, Japan: A multicentre observational study 査読有り

    Hisayoshi Daito, Motoi Suzuki, Jun Shiihara, Paul E. Kilgore, Hitoshi Ohtomo, Konosuke Morimoto, Masayuki Ishida, Taro Kamigaki, Hitoshi Oshitani, Masahiro Hashizume, Wataru Endo, Koichi Hagiwara, Koya Ariyoshi, Shoji Okinaga

    Thorax 68 (6) 544-550 2013年

    出版者・発行元:BMJ Publishing Group

    DOI: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2012-202658  

    ISSN:1468-3296 0040-6376

    詳細を見る 詳細を閉じる

    Background: On 11 March 2011, the Tohoku earthquake and tsunami struck off the coast of northeastern Japan. Within 3 weeks, an increased number of pneumonia admissions and deaths occurred in local hospitals. Methods: A multicentre survey was conducted at three hospitals in Kesennuma City (population 74 000), northern Miyagi Prefecture. All adults aged ≥18 years hospitalised between March 2010 and June 2011 with community-acquired pneumonia were identified using hospital databases and medical records. Segmented regression analyses were used to quantify changes in the incidence of pneumonia. Results: A total of 550 pneumonia hospitalisations were identified, including 325 during the pre-disaster period and 225 cases during the post-disaster period. The majority (90%) of the post-disaster pneumonia patients were aged ≥65 years, and only eight cases (3.6%) were associated with near-drowning in the tsunami waters. The clinical pattern and causative pathogens were almost identical among the pre-disaster and post-disaster pneumonia patients. A marked increase in the incidence of pneumonia was observed during the 3-month period following the disaster the weekly incidence rates of pneumonia hospitalisations and pneumonia-associated deaths increased by 5.7 times (95% CI 3.9 to 8.4) and 8.9 times (95% CI 4.4 to 17.8), respectively. The increases were largest among residents in nursing homes followed by those in evacuation shelters. Conclusions: A substantial increase in the pneumonia burden was observed among adults after the Tohoku earthquake and tsunami. Although the exact cause remains unresolved, multiple factors including population aging and stressful living conditions likely contributed to this pneumonia outbreak.

  149. Monitoring of Influenza Viruses in the Aftermath of the Great East Japan Earthquake 査読有り

    Kentaro Tohma, Akira Suzuki, Kanako Otani, Michiko Okamoto, Nao Nukiwa, Taro Kamigaki, Kazuhisa Kawamura, Hiroshi Nakagawa, Hitoshi Oshitani

    JAPANESE JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES 65 (6) 542-544 2012年11月

    出版者・発行元:NATL INST INFECTIOUS DISEASES

    DOI: 10.7883/yoken.65.542  

    ISSN:1344-6304

    eISSN:1884-2836

    詳細を見る 詳細を閉じる

    Influenza has a significant impact on public health when a natural disaster occurs during the influenza season. However, the epidemiological characteristics of influenza following natural disasters have not been well documented due to the difficulty of implementing laboratory-based influenza surveillance in such situations. The Great East Japan Earthquake occurred on March 11, 2011, when influenza was already circulating. Since routine influenza surveillance was not performed in Miyagi Prefecture, we initiated an ad hoc laboratory-based monitoring system immediately after the earthquake. From March 15 to May 19, we tested 277 samples for influenza virus collected around Sendai City and from evacuation centers in Miyagi Prefecture. Influenza A (H3N2) was detected in 112 cases, influenza A (H1N1) 2009 in one case, and influenza B in 92 cases. The H3N2 virus was dominant until the 14th week. However, a sudden increase in the number of influenza B cases occurred after schools were reopened. According to phylogenetic analysis, a major clade switch of the H3N2 virus took place after the earthquake. The Yamagata lineage of influenza B was detected in one patient from western Japan, indicating the importing of viruses into the affected area.

  150. Cumulative incidence of pandemic influenza A (H1N1) 2009 by a community-based serological cohort study in Selenghe Province, Mongolia 査読有り

    Alexanderyn Burmaa, Sosorbaramyn Tsatsral, Takashi Odagiri, Akira Suzuki, Hitoshi Oshitani, Pagbajabyn Nymadawa

    INFLUENZA AND OTHER RESPIRATORY VIRUSES 6 (6) e97-e104 2012年11月

    出版者・発行元:WILEY-BLACKWELL

    DOI: 10.1111/j.1750-2659.2012.00334.x  

    ISSN:1750-2640

    詳細を見る 詳細を閉じる

    Background Large community outbreaks of pandemic A (H1N1) 2009 occurred between October and December 2009 in Mongolia. A serological study was conducted among the general population by testing paired sera collected before and after the first wave of pandemic in Selenghe province, Mongolia. None of the study participants had been vaccinated for pandemic A (H1N1) 2009 before the second samples were collected. Objective The objective of this study was to estimate cumulative incidence of pandemic A (H1N1) 2009 in different age-groups of Selenghe province residents. Methods After informed consent was obtained from apparently healthy volunteers, the paired sera and background information were collected. Antibody titers were measured using hemagglutinin inhibition (HI) and microneutralization (MN) assays for A/California/07/2009pdm. A fourfold rise in antibody titers was regarded as the evidence of infection. Results The overall cumulative incidences in the study group for all ages were 28.8% (76/264) by HI, 35.2% (93/264) by MN, and 25.0% (66/264) by both HI and MN. Cumulative incidences of infection varied among age-groups, with children aged 24 and 59 years having high cumulative incidence of infection. Overall cumulative incidences of infection in the whole population were estimated to be 23.0% (4946/21 460) by HI, 30.2% (6473/21 460) by MN, and 18.8% (4036/21 460) by both HI and MN. Conclusions This study indicates that about one-fourth of the total population in Selenghe province was infected with pandemic A (H1N1) 2009 virus during the first wave of the pandemic.

  151. Respiratory viruses from hospitalized children with severe pneumonia in the Philippines 査読有り

    Akira Suzuki, Socorro Lupisan, Yuki Furuse, Naoko Fuji, Mariko Saito, Raita Tamaki, Hazel Galang, Lydia Sombrero, Melisa Mondoy, Rapunzel Aniceto, Remigio Olveda, Hitoshi Oshitani

    BMC INFECTIOUS DISEASES 12 267-267 2012年10月

    出版者・発行元:BIOMED CENTRAL LTD

    DOI: 10.1186/1471-2334-12-267  

    ISSN:1471-2334

    詳細を見る 詳細を閉じる

    Background: Pneumonia remains a leading cause of child death in developing countries. The viruses in severe pneumonia remain poorly defined. Methods: The study was conducted at the Eastern Visayas Regional Medical Center in Tacloban City, Philippines from May 2008 to May 2009. Patients aged 8 days to 13 years old who were admitted to the Department of Pediatrics with severe pneumonia were enrolled for the study. Upon admission, polymerase chain reaction was performed using nasopharyngeal swabs and blood cultures to detect respiratory viruses and bacteria, respectively. Result: Among the 819 patients enrolled, at least one virus was detected in 501 cases (61.2%). In addition, 423 cases were positive for a single virus while bacteria were detected in the blood culture sample of 31 cases. The most commonly detected viruses were human rhinoviruses (n = 189), including types A (n = 103), B (n = 17), and C (n = 69), and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) (n = 165). Novel viruses such as human metapneumovirus, human coronavirus NL63, human bocavirus, and human polyomaviruses WU and KI were also detected. There were 70 deaths, and one or more viruses were detected in 35 (50%) of these cases. Positivity only for influenza A virus (OR = 4.3, 95% CI = 1.3-14.6) was significantly associated with fatal outcome. From the blood culture, Burkholderia cepacia group (n = 9), Streptococcus pneumoniae (n = 4), Staphylococcus aureus (n = 4), Haemophilus influenzae (n = 1), and Salmonella C1 (n = 1) were also isolated. Conclusion: Viruses were commonly detected in children with severe pneumonia in the Philippines. Hence, viral etiologies should be considered while developing better effective strategies to reduce child pneumonia-related deaths in developing countries.

  152. Genetic diversity and molecular characterization of enteroviruses from sewage-polluted urban and rural rivers in the Philippines 査読有り

    Lea Necitas G. Apostol, Tomifumi Imagawa, Akira Suzuki, Yoshifumi Masago, Socorro Lupisan, Remigio Olveda, Mariko Saito, Tatsuo Omura, Hitoshi Oshitani

    VIRUS GENES 45 (2) 207-217 2012年10月

    出版者・発行元:SPRINGER

    DOI: 10.1007/s11262-012-0776-z  

    ISSN:0920-8569

    eISSN:1572-994X

    詳細を見る 詳細を閉じる

    Despite the vast distribution and expansive diversity of enteroviruses reported globally, indicators defining a complete view of the epidemiology of enteroviruses in tropical countries such as the Philippines are yet to be established. Detection of enteroviruses in the environment has been one of the markers of circulating viruses in a community. This study aimed to bridge the gap in the epidemiology of enteroviruses in the Philippines by providing an overview of the occurrence of enteroviruses in both urban and rural rivers. Molecular detection directed at the VP1 region of the enterovirus genome was performed on 44 grab river water samples collected from April to December 2009. The majority of the enterovirus serotypes detected were clustered with human enterovirus C species (HEV-C; 21/42), followed by HEV-B (12/42) and HEV-A (9/42). Porcine enterovirus 9 was also found in 12 out of 44 water samples. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that the viruses detected were closely related, if not all forming a monophyletic clade, with those enteroviruses detected previously from acute flaccid paralysis cases in the country. The clustering of environmental and human enterovirus strains implies that the circulation of these strains were associated with river contamination. This study gives further evidence of the environmental persistence of enteroviruses once they are shed in feces and likewise, provides additional data which may help in understanding the epidemiology of enteroviruses in humans, highlighting the need for more studies on the potential public health risks linked with enteroviruses found in the environment and their eventual clinical consequences in the country.

  153. Detection and Serotyping of Human Adenoviruses from Patients with Influenza-Like Illness in Mongolia 査読有り

    Kentaro Tohma, Namuuntsetsegiin Bayasgalan, Akira Suzuki, Badarchiin Darma, Hitoshi Oshitani, Pagbajabyn Nymadawa

    JAPANESE JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES 65 (4) 289-294 2012年7月

    出版者・発行元:NATL INST INFECTIOUS DISEASES

    DOI: 10.7883/yoken.65.289  

    ISSN:1344-6304

    eISSN:1884-2836

    詳細を見る 詳細を閉じる

    Human adenoviruses (HAdVs) are responsible for approximately 5%-10% of acute respiratory infections. The serotypes of commonly detected respiratory HAdV in Asian countries are diverse. However, there are no well-documented reports of circulating HAdV serotypes in Mongolia. Between January 2010 and May 2011, 1,950 influenza-negative samples from patients with influenza-like illness, including eye swabs from patients with eye symptoms, were screened for HAdV, and 40 samples (2.1%) were positive for HAdVs. Among these 40 samples, 31 samples were positive for the hexon gene used in phylogenetic analysis, as determined by PCR. We identified 7 different serotypes. We constructed the phylogenetic trees of HAdV-B7 and HAdV-B3, the 2 most commonly detected serotypes in this study. All detected HAdV-B7 and -B3 Mongolian strains had identical sequences. HAdV-D8, known to be associated with epidemic keratoconjunctivitis (EKC), was detected from nasopharyngeal and eye swabs. There was no difference between the amino acid sequences of the hexon and fiber genes that may affect tissue tropism in Mongolian strains and those in EKC-causing strains.

  154. A seroepidemiologic study of Reston ebolavirus in swine in the Philippines 査読有り

    Yusuke Sayama, Catalino Demetria, Mariko Saito, Rachel R. Azul, Satoshi Taniguchi, Shuetsu Fukushi, Tomoki Yoshikawa, Itoe Iizuka, Tetsuya Mizutani, Ichiro Kurane, Fidelino F. Malbas, Socorro Lupisan, Davinio P. Catbagan, Samuel B. Animas, Rieldrin G. Morales, Emelinda L. Lopez, Karen Rose C. Dazo, Magdalena S. Cruz, Remigio Olveda, Masayuki Saijo, Hitoshi Oshitani, Shigeru Morikawa

    BMC VETERINARY RESEARCH 8 82-82 2012年6月

    出版者・発行元:BIOMED CENTRAL LTD

    DOI: 10.1186/1746-6148-8-82  

    ISSN:1746-6148

    詳細を見る 詳細を閉じる

    Background: Ebola viruses cause viral hemorrhagic fever in humans and non-human primates and are endemic in Africa. Reston ebolavirus (REBOV) has caused several epizootics in cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis) but is not associated with any human disease. In late 2008, REBOV infections were identified in swine for the first time in the Philippines. Methods: A total of 215 swine sera collected at two REBOV-affected farms in 2008, in Pangasinan and Bulacan, were tested for the presence of REBOV-specific antibodies using multiple serodiagnosis systems. A total of 98 swine sera collected in a non-epizootic region, Tarlac, were also tested to clarify the prevalence of REBOV infection in the general swine population in the Philippines. Results: Some 70 % of swine sera at the affected farms were positive for REBOV antibodies in the multiple serodiagnosis systems. On the other hand, none of the swine sera collected in Tarlac showed positive reactions in any of the diagnosis systems. Conclusions: The high prevalence of REBOV infection in swine in the affected farms in 2008 suggests that swine is susceptible for REBOV infection. The multiple serological assays used in the study are thought to be useful for future surveillance of REOBV infection in swine in the Philippines.

  155. Enhancing the response outcome of infectious disease treatment following natural disasters

    Isidore K. Kouadio, Syed Mohamed Aljunid

    EXPERT REVIEW OF ANTI-INFECTIVE THERAPY 10 (5) 531-532 2012年5月

    出版者・発行元:EXPERT REVIEWS

    DOI: 10.1586/ERI.12.40  

    ISSN:1478-7210

  156. Detection of non-polio enteroviruses from 17 years of virological surveillance of acute flaccid paralysis in the Philippines 査読有り

    Lea Necitas Apostol, Akira Suzuki, Analisa Bautista, Hazel Galang, Fem Julia Paladin, Naoko Fuji, Socorro Lupisan, Remigio Olveda, Hitoshi Oshitani

    JOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY 84 (4) 624-631 2012年4月

    出版者・発行元:WILEY-BLACKWELL

    DOI: 10.1002/jmv.23242  

    ISSN:0146-6615

    詳細を見る 詳細を閉じる

    Acute flaccid paralysis (AFP) surveillance has been conducted as part of the World Health Organization (WHO) strategy on poliomyelitis eradication. Aside from poliovirus, which is the target pathogen, isolation, and identification of non-polio enteroviruses (NPEVs) is also done by neutralization test using pools of antisera which can only identify limited number of NPEVs. In the Philippines, despite the significant number of isolated NPEVs, no information is available with regard to its occurrence, diversity, and pattern of circulation. In this study, a total of 790 NPEVs isolated from stool samples submitted to the National Reference Laboratory from 1992 to 2008 were analyzed; neutralization test was able to type 55% (442) of the isolates. Of the remaining 356 isolates, which were untyped by using neutralization test, 348 isolates were analyzed further by RT-PCR targeting the VP1 gene. A total of 47 serotypes of NPEV strains were identified using neutralization test and molecular typing, including 28 serotypes of human enterovirus B (HEV-B), 12 serotypes of HEV-A, and 7 of HEV-C. The HEV-B group (625/790; 79%) constituted the largest proportion of isolates, followed by HEV-C (108/790; 13.7%), HEV-A (57/790; 7.2%), and no HEV-D. Coxsackievirus (CV) B, echovirus (E)6, E11, and E13 were the most frequent isolates. E6, E11, E13, E14, E25, E30, E33, CVA20, and CVA24 were considered as endemic strains, some NPEVs recurred and few serotypes existed only for 13 years during the study period. Despite some limitations in this study, plural NPEVs with multiple patterns of circulation in the Philippines for 17 years were identified. J. Med. Virol. 84:624631, 2012. (C) 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

  157. Influenza Transmission in a Community during a Seasonal Influenza A(H3N2) Outbreak (2010-2011) in Mongolia: A Community-Based Prospective Cohort Study 査読有り

    Nao Nukiwa-Souma, Alexanderyn Burmaa, Taro Kamigaki, Ishiin Od, Namuutsetsegiin Bayasgalan, Badarchiin Darmaa, Akira Suzuki, Pagbajabyn Nymadawa, Hitoshi Oshitani

    PLOS ONE 7 (3) e33046-e33046 2012年3月

    出版者・発行元:PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE

    DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0033046  

    ISSN:1932-6203

    詳細を見る 詳細を閉じる

    Background: Knowledge of how influenza viruses spread in a community is important for planning and implementation of effective interventions, including social distancing measures. Households and schools are implicated as the major sites for influenza virus transmission. However, the overall picture of community transmission is not well defined during actual outbreaks. We conducted a community-based prospective cohort study to describe the transmission characteristics of influenza in Mongolia. Methods and Findings: A total of 5,655 residents in 1,343 households were included in this cohort study. An active search for cases of influenza-like illness (ILI) was performed between October 2010 and April 2011. Data collected during a community outbreak of influenza A(H3N2) were analyzed. Total 282 ILI cases occurred during this period, and 73% of the subjects were aged,15 years. The highest attack rate (20.4%) was in those aged 1-4 years, whereas the attack rate in those aged 5-9 years was 10.8%. Fifty-one secondary cases occurred among 900 household contacts from 43 households (43 index cases), giving an overall crude household secondary attack rate (SAR) of 5.7%. SAR was significantly higher in younger household contacts (relative risk for those aged &lt;1 year: 9.90, 1-4 years: 5.59, and 5-9 years: 6.43). We analyzed the transmission patterns among households and a community and repeated transmissions were detected between households, preschools, and schools. Children aged 1-4 years played an important role in influenza transmission in households and in the community at large. Working-age adults were also a source of influenza in households, whereas elderly cases (aged &gt;= 65 years) had no link with household transmission. Conclusions: Repeated transmissions between households, preschools, and schools were observed during an influenza A(H3N2) outbreak period in Mongolia, where subjects aged 1-4 years played an important role in influenza transmission.

  158. Risk Factors of Household Transmission of Pandemic (H1N1) 2009 among Patients Treated with Antivirals: A Prospective Study at a Primary Clinic in Japan 査読有り

    Nobuo Hirotsu, Koji Wada, Hitoshi Oshitani

    PLOS ONE 7 (2) e31519-e31519 2012年2月

    出版者・発行元:PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE

    DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0031519  

    ISSN:1932-6203

    詳細を見る 詳細を閉じる

    Background: Household transmission of influenza can affect the daily lives of patients and their families and be a trigger for community transmission, thus it is necessary to take precautions to prevent household transmission. We aimed to determine the risks of household transmission of pandemic (H1N1) 2009 influenza virus from an index patient who visited a primary clinic and was treated with antiviral drugs. Methods: We followed up all the patients who were diagnosed with influenza A by rapid diagnostic test with a questionnaire or interview from July 2009 to April 2010. Secondary cases were defined as patients visiting the clinic or other clinics and being positive for influenza A by rapid diagnostic test within 7 days of onset of an index patient. Logistic regression analysis was used to explore the association between household transmission and the studied variables. Results: We recruited 591 index patients and 1629 household contacts. The crude secondary attack rate was 7.3% [95% confidence interval (CI): 6.1-8.7]. Age of index patients (0-6 years old: odds ratio 2.56; 95% CI: 1.31-4.01; 7-12 years old: 2.44, 1.31-3.72; 30-39 years old 3.88; 2.09-5.21; 40 years old or more 2.76; 1.17-4.53) and number of household members with five or more (3.09, 2.11-4.07), medication started &gt;= 48 hours from the onset of fever (2.38, 1.17-3.87) were significantly associated with household transmission. Conclusions: Household transmission was associated with index patients aged &lt;= 12 years old and adults &gt;= 30 years with children, with more than five persons in the household, and medication initiated &gt;= 48 hours from the onset of fever among the population, in which, antiviral treatment was given to all patients. We need to warn patients at high risk of household transmission to take additional precautions.

  159. Acute respiratory infections due to enterovirus 68 in Yamagata, Japan between 2005 and 2010 査読有り

    Tatsuya Ikeda, Katsumi Mizuta, Chieko Abiko, Yoko Aoki, Tsutomu Itagaki, Fumio Katsushima, Yuriko Katsushima, Yoko Matsuzaki, Naoko Fuji, Tadatsugu Imamura, Hitoshi Oshitani, Masahiro Noda, Hirokazu Kimura, Tadayuki Ahiko

    MICROBIOLOGY AND IMMUNOLOGY 56 (2) 139-143 2012年2月

    出版者・発行元:WILEY-BLACKWELL

    DOI: 10.1111/j.1348-0421.2012.00411.x  

    ISSN:0385-5600

    詳細を見る 詳細を閉じる

    To clarify the epidemiology of enterovirus 68 (EV68), which is one of the most rarely identified enteroviruses, virus isolation and molecular screening using RT-PCR was performed on 6307 respiratory specimens collected at pediatric clinics in Yamagata, Japan between 2005 and 2010. In the years 20052009, 10, 1, 2, 0, and 2 (40) EV68-positive cases, respectively, were identified by RT-PCR. In 2010, 40 cases were identified altogether: 2 by isolation only, 26 by RT-PCR only, and 12 by both isolation and RT-PCR. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that plural genetically distinct clusters co-circulated. These results suggest that that difficulty in EV68 isolation leads to an underestimation of the prevalence of EV68 infections.

  160. Infectious diseases following natural disasters: prevention and control measures 査読有り

    Isidore K. Kouadio, Syed Aljunid, Taro Kamigaki, Karen Hammad, Hitoshi Oshitani

    EXPERT REVIEW OF ANTI-INFECTIVE THERAPY 10 (1) 95-104 2012年1月

    出版者・発行元:EXPERT REVIEWS

    DOI: 10.1586/ERI.11.155  

    ISSN:1478-7210

    詳細を見る 詳細を閉じる

    Natural disasters may lead to infectious disease outbreaks when they result in substantial population displacement and exacerbate synergic risk factors (change in the environment, in human conditions and in the vulnerability to existing pathogens) for disease transmission. We reviewed risk factors and potential infectious diseases resulting from prolonged secondary effects of major natural disasters that occurred from 2000 to 2011. Natural disasters including floods, tsunamis, earthquakes, tropical cyclones (e.g., hurricanes and typhoons) and tornadoes have been secondarily described with the following infectious diseases including diarrheal diseases, acute respiratory infections, malaria, leptospirosis, measles, dengue fever, viral hepatitis, typhoid fever, meningitis, as well as tetanus and cutaneous mucormycosis. Risk assessment is essential in post-disaster situations and the rapid implementation of control measures through re-establishment and improvement of primary healthcare delivery should be given high priority, especially in the absence of pre-disaster surveillance data.

  161. マニラ首都圏における台風Ketsanaによる洪水域内環境水からの病原性レプトスピラの検出 査読有り

    沼澤聡, 真砂佳史, 齊藤麻理子, 山口諒, 押谷仁, 大村達夫

    土木学会論文集G(環境) 67 (7) III_165-III_171 2011年11月

  162. Detection of Human Rhinovirus C Viral Genome in Blood among Children with Severe Respiratory Infections in the Philippines 査読有り

    Naoko Fuji, Akira Suzuki, Socorro Lupisan, Lydia Sombrero, Hazel Galang, Taro Kamigaki, Raita Tamaki, Mariko Saito, Rapunzel Aniceto, Remigio Olveda, Hitoshi Oshitani

    PLOS ONE 6 (11) e27247-e27247 2011年11月

    出版者・発行元:PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE

    DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0027247  

    ISSN:1932-6203

    詳細を見る 詳細を閉じる

    Human rhinovirus (HRV) C was recently identified as the third species of HRV using a molecular technique. Infections caused by previously identified HRVs (A and B) are thought to be limited to the respiratory tract; however, pathogenesis of HRVC is still largely unknown. A total of 816 nasopharyngeal swabs from hospitalized children with severe respiratory infections in the Philippines (May 2008-May 2009) were tested for HRV by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and 243 samples (29.8%) were positive for HRV. Among these patients, serum samples were also tested to determine whether specific HRV species were associated with viremia. Only 30 serum samples (12.3%) were positive for HRV. However, the HRV positive rates were different among HRV species, 3% (4/135) for HRVA, 0% (0/25) for HRVB, and 31% (26/83) for HRVC, and were the highest on 2 days after the onset of symptoms. These results suggest that HRVC may have a different pathogenicity and can more commonly cause viremia than HRVA and HRVB. Serum positive rates for HRV are affected by age, i.e., higher positive rates for those aged 1 year or more. HRVC that were detected from serum exhibited the same level of sequence diversity as those positive only for nasopharyngeal samples in phylogenetic analysis. However, all HRVA which were detected from serum were clustered in a monophyletic clade based on their 5&apos; non-coding region (NCR) sequences, which is closely related with a certain HRVC genotype (A2) in 5&apos;-NCR. This finding suggests that the 5&apos;NCR region may be associated with viremia.

  163. Mucosal immunity against influenza induced by attenuated recombinant Sendai virus 査読有り

    Tadatsugu Imamura, Hitoshi Oshitani

    EXPERT REVIEW OF VACCINES 10 (10) 1393-1395 2011年10月

    出版者・発行元:EXPERT REVIEWS

    DOI: 10.1586/ERV.11.123  

    ISSN:1476-0584

    詳細を見る 詳細を閉じる

    Evaluation of: Le TV, Mironova E, Garcin D, Compans RW. Induction of influenza-specific mucosal immunity by an attenuated recombinant Sendai virus. PLoS One 6(4), e18780 (2011). Live-attenuated influenza vaccines (LAIVs) have been shown to be more immunogenic and capable of inducing a broader immune response than inactivated vaccine. However, use of LAIVs is still limited owing to the safety concerns. Le et al. generated an attenuated recombinant Sendai virus - GP42-H1 expressing the hemagglutinin (HA) gene of influenza A virus. The HA protein was expressed on the cell surface of CV-1 cells infected with GP42-H1. Intranasal immunization of mice with GP42-H1 induced HA-specific IgG and IgA antibodies in sera and mucosal sites without causing any disease symptoms. Immunized mice were also protected from lethal dose challenge of influenza A virus.

  164. Enterovirus 68 among Children with Severe Acute Respiratory Infection, the Philippines 査読有り

    Tadatsugu Imamura, Naoko Fuji, Akira Suzuki, Raita Tamaki, Mariko Saito, Rapunzel Aniceto, Hazel Galang, Lydia Sombrero, Soccoro Lupisan, Hitoshi Oshitani

    EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES 17 (8) 1430-1435 2011年8月

    出版者・発行元:CENTERS DISEASE CONTROL

    DOI: 10.3201/eid1708.101328  

    ISSN:1080-6040

    詳細を見る 詳細を閉じる

    Enterovirus 68 (EV68) is a rare enterovirus associated with respiratory illness that, unlike other enteroviruses, has been identified only from respiratory specimens. We identified EV68 from respiratory specimens of children hospitalized with a diagnosis of severe pneumonia in Leyte, Republic of the Philippines. Twenty-one samples showed high similarity with EV68 by sequencing of 5&apos; nontranslated region; 17 of these samples were confirmed as EV68 by sequencing of viral protein 1 capsid coding region. Most previously reported EV68 cases had been identified as sporadic cases. All 21 patients we identified had severe illness, and 2 died, possibly the first reported fatal cases associated with EV68 infection. Our study suggests that EV68 may be a possible causative agent of severe respiratory illnesses.

  165. Interruption of the Circulation of an Indigenous Measles Genotype and the Introduction of Other Genotypes After a Mass Vaccination Campaign in the Philippines 査読有り

    Naoko Fuji, Akira Suzuki, Mariko Saito, Rex Centeno, Hazel Galang, Socorro Lupisan, Remigio Olveda, Hitoshi Oshitani

    JOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY 83 (8) 1424-1427 2011年8月

    出版者・発行元:WILEY-BLACKWELL

    DOI: 10.1002/jmv.22103  

    ISSN:0146-6615

    詳細を見る 詳細を閉じる

    Molecular analysis of measles viruses in the Philippines was conducted from 2000 to 2008. No confirmed measles cases were detected in the surveillance in 2005 after the mass vaccination campaign in 2004. However, a re-emergence of measles cases occurred in 2007, which was caused by other genotypes and the previous circulating genotype had disappeared. J. Med. Virol. 83:1424-1427, 2011. (C) 2011 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

  166. Evolution of the influenza A virus untranslated regions 査読有り

    Yuki Furuse, Hitoshi Oshitani

    INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 11 (5) 1150-1154 2011年7月

    出版者・発行元:ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV

    DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2011.04.006  

    ISSN:1567-1348

    詳細を見る 詳細を閉じる

    In case of the influenza virus, untranslated regions are considered to possess plural functions. The specific packaging model suggests that each of eight segments contains a unique "packaging signal", situated within the untranslated region and coding regions at the 5&apos; and 3&apos; ends of the genomic RNA. In addition to packaging signal, UTRs play key roles in polyadenylation and signals for genomic replication. In the present study, we report the evolutionary characteristics of untranslated regions of influenza virus. We analyzed 574 sequences of the human influenza A (H3N2) virus. The sequence of the untranslated region is highly conserved. Our analysis produced several observations regarding the untranslated region: (1) it has an extremely low divergence; (2) its evolutionary speed is not associated with the protein(s) it encodes; (3) its evolutionary rate is smaller than that of the open reading frame. We revealed the evolutionary characteristics of the untranslated region; this is the first study on the non-coding region of the influenza virus from the perspective of evolutionary molecular biology. In the future, clarifying the detailed mechanisms of packaging as well as the function of the RNA sequence in the untranslated region will increase the understanding of viral life cycles and evolution. (C) 2011 Elsevier BY. All rights reserved.

  167. Effects of Vaccination against Pandemic (H1N1) 2009 among Japanese Children 査読有り

    Hiroshi Nishiura, Hitoshi Oshitani

    EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES 17 (4) 746-747 2011年4月

    出版者・発行元:CENTERS DISEASE CONTROL

    DOI: 10.3201/eid1704.100525  

    ISSN:1080-6040

  168. Household Transmission of Influenza (H1N1-2009) in Japan: Age-specificity and Reduction of Household Transmission Risk by Zanamivir Treatment 査読有り

    H. Nishiura, H. Oshitani

    JOURNAL OF INTERNATIONAL MEDICAL RESEARCH 39 (2) 619-628 2011年3月

    出版者・発行元:FIELD HOUSE PUBLISHING LLP

    ISSN:0300-0605

    詳細を見る 詳細を閉じる

    This study investigated household transmission data for influenza (H1N1-2009) in Japan in order to quantify the age-specific risk of infection and estimate the impact of antiviral treatment on the risk of household transmission. Among a total of 1547 households, involving 4609 household contacts, the secondary attack ratio (SAR) was estimated to be 11.4%. School children aged 5 - 18 years dominated the index cases. Age-specific infectiousness and susceptibility were highest among 0 - 4-year olds, with SAR estimated at 19.4% and 29.6%, respectively. Zanamivir treatment within 24 and 24 - 48 h of illness onset in index cases, respectively, reduced the risk of household transmission to 0.57 (95% CI 0.44, 0.73) and 0.58 (95% CI 0.38, 0.86) times that among those receiving the same treatment at &gt; 48 h and those not receiving treatment. The preventive performance of antiviral treatment and prophylaxis should be further examined in randomized controlled trials.

  169. 2008/09シーズンのインフルエンザ流行期における外来受診行動に関する調査研究

    神垣 太郎, 橋本 亜希子, 貫和 奈央, 玉記 雷太, 押谷 仁

    感染症学雑誌 85 (1) 128-129 2011年1月

    出版者・発行元:(一社)日本感染症学会

    ISSN:0387-5911

    eISSN:1884-569X

  170. Prevalence of Phasi Charoen Virus in Female Mosquitoes

    Yusuke Sayama, Yuki Eshita, Takuya Yamao, Miho Nishimura, Tomomitsu Satho, Raweewan Srisawat, Narumon Komalamisra, Yupha Rongsriyam, Kouji Sakai, Shuetsu Fukushi, Masayuki Saijo, Hitoshi Oshitani, Ichiro Kurane, Shigeru Morikawa, Tetsuya Mizutani

    J. Parasitology and Vector Biology 3 (1) 19-21 2011年1月

  171. Viruses That Cross Borders: Factors Responsible for Global Dissemination of Viral Infections 査読有り

    Yuki Furuse, Akira Suzuki, Taro Kamigaki, Emmanuel Abraham Mpolya, Irona Khandaker, Hitoshi Oshitani

    INTERVIROLOGY 54 (5) 246-252 2011年

    出版者・発行元:KARGER

    DOI: 10.1159/000320967  

    ISSN:0300-5526

    詳細を見る 詳細を閉じる

    Objective: Pandemic viral infections as emerging infectious diseases are of a great global concern. However, for some viruses, particular strains are endemic to specific areas and can be genetically distinguished from strains in other regions. In contrast, for some other viruses, genetically similar strains can spread and circulate all over the world. This study addresses global dissemination of various viral infections. Methods: We classified 34 viruses as per their ability to cross borders by review. We also described factors responsible for and the dynamics of global dissemination. We examined biological characteristics of viruses, manners or routes of transmission, host responses and epidemiological factors. Results: Factors required for viruses to cross borders include &apos;non-blood infection&apos;, &apos;short incubation period&apos;, &apos;short infectious period&apos;, &apos;frequent re-infection&apos;, &apos;small basic reproductive number (R(0))&apos; and &apos;high annual incidence&apos;. Conclusion: Knowing the factors responsible for global dissemination of pathogens is useful for controlling and/or containing both classic and emerging infectious diseases. Copyright (C) 2011 S. Karger AG, Basel

  172. Evaluating influenza disease burden during the 2008-2009 and 2009-2010 influenza seasons in Mongolia. 査読有り

    Nukiwa, Nao Burmaa, Alexanderyn Kamigaki, Taro Darmaa, Badarchiin Od, Jigjidsurengiin Od, Ishiin Gantsooj, Baataryn Naranzul, Tsedenbalyn Tsatsral, Sosorbaramyn Enkhbaatar, Luvsanbaldangiin Tuul, Rentsengiin Oshitani, Hitoshi Nymadawa, Pagbajabyn

    Western Pac Surveill Response J 2 (1) 16-22 2011年1月

    DOI: 10.5365/WPSAR.2010.1.1.004  

  173. Simplified screening method for detecting oseltamivir resistant pandemic influenza A (H1N1) 2009 virus by a RT-PCR/restriction fragment length polymorphism assay 査読有り

    Nao Nukiwa, Akira Suzuki, Yuki Furuse, Kozue Shimabukuro, Takashi Odagiri, Irona Khandaker, Hitoshi Oshitani

    JOURNAL OF VIROLOGICAL METHODS 170 (1-2) 165-168 2010年12月

    出版者・発行元:ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV

    DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2010.09.005  

    ISSN:0166-0934

    詳細を見る 詳細を閉じる

    The sudden emergence of the pandemic influenza A (H1N1) 2009 virus in early 2009 has resulted in a rapid transmission of this virus worldwide. Within a short time span, sporadic cases infected with this virus that shows oseltamivir resistance have also been reported. These resistant viruses have an amino acid change from histidine to tyrosine at position 275 (H275Y) of the neuraminidase gene. In this study, a reverse transcriptase PCR/restriction fragment length polymorphism (RT-PCR/RFLP) assay was developed to detect the H275Y mutation. Resistant and sensitive viruses could be differentiated using the RFLP patterns. This RT-PCR/RFLP assay is a simple method and also very specific and sensitive for detecting the H275Y mutation of pandemic influenza A (H1N1) 2009 viruses, and can be used in resource-limited settings. (c) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

  174. 2008〜2009シーズンの庄内地域における季節性インフルエンザ外来患者からみた医療施設への負荷の検討

    貫和 奈央, 神垣 太郎, 河村 真人, 橋本 亜希子, 玉記 雷太, 押谷 仁

    感染症学雑誌 84 (6) 808-808 2010年11月

    出版者・発行元:(一社)日本感染症学会

    ISSN:0387-5911

    eISSN:1884-569X

  175. 2009/2010シーズンに仙台市内で流行したRSウイルスの解析

    大野 歩, 鈴木 陽, 押谷 仁, 川村 和久

    外来小児科 13 (3) 381-381 2010年11月

    出版者・発行元:(一社)日本外来小児科学会

    ISSN:1345-8043

  176. 【これからのインフルエンザ対策】インフルエンザの社会的対策

    神垣 太郎, 玉記 雷太, 押谷 仁

    臨床と微生物 37 (増刊) 521-524 2010年10月

    出版者・発行元:(株)近代出版

    ISSN:0910-7029

    詳細を見る 詳細を閉じる

    2009年4月よりメキシコ、米国で報告されたブタインフルエンザ由来のインフルエンザA(H1N1亜型)によるパンデミックが発生した。新型インフルエンザによる被害を防ぐ、あるいは軽減するための対策として公衆衛生対策がある。今回のパンデミックの際にも水際対策、学校閉鎖および個人防御の励行など様々な対策がとられた。これらに関する知見を紹介するとともに、今後のインフルエンザ対策に必要な点についてまとめる。(著者抄録)

  177. Influenza surveillance and control in the Western Pacific Region. 査読有り

    Oshitani, Hitoshi

    Western Pac Surveill Response J 1 (1) 3-4 2010年10月

    DOI: 10.5365/WPSAR.2010.1.1.005  

  178. Fatal Cases of Pandemic (H1N1) 2009 Influenza despite Their Early Antiviral Treatment in Japan 査読有り

    Nao Nukiwa, Taro Kamigaki, Hitoshi Oshitani

    CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES 51 (8) 993-994 2010年10月

    出版者・発行元:OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC

    DOI: 10.1086/656443  

    ISSN:1058-4838

  179. 拡大サーベイランスに基づく長野県佐久地域の2008/09シーズンにおけるインフルエンザ様患者数に関する検討

    河村 真人, 神垣 太郎, 貫和 奈央, 橋本 亜希子, 玉記 雷太, 押谷 仁

    感染症学雑誌 84 (5) 575-582 2010年9月

    出版者・発行元:(一社)日本感染症学会

    ISSN:0387-5911

    eISSN:1884-569X

    詳細を見る 詳細を閉じる

    内科や小児科を標榜する病院や診療所に毎年多くのインフルエンザ様患者が受診をしている.しかし,それらのインフルエンザ患者報告数は定点医療機関からの情報に基づいているため,実際のインフルエンザ感染者の全体像を反映しているか不明である.そこで2008/09シーズンの長野県佐久地域における非定点医療機関を含む医療施設でのインフルエンザ様疾患(ILI)の受診に関する検討を行った.その結果,ILIは内科や小児科を標榜する医療機関の他に耳鼻咽喉科にも認められた.さらに,全ての調査施設から推定されたインフルエンザ受診者は2,415人であり人口の約1.14%,定点医療機関からのILI報告数に基づく推定値は同疫学週で2,862人であり人口の約1.35%であった.インフルエンザ受診者数の推定値は,本調査における推定値よりも定点医療機関の推定値が約18.5%高かった.定点医療機関からの推定値は医療施設の特性別に小児科病院1,020人,内科診療所(主な診療科目が小児科以外)1,674人であった.しかし,我々の調査によるインフルエンザ推定受診者数は小児科病院503人,内科診療所(主な診療科目が小児科以外)741人であり,定点医療機関からの推定値の約半数であった.これらの差は定点医療機関に,より多くのILI患者が受診しているためであると考えられる.また,医療施設の特性において医療機関として内科だけを標榜する病院と診療所(小児科を有しない)が佐久地域では定点医療機関としては含まれていない.しかし,今回の調査では同カテゴリーの医療機関においてインフルエンザ受診者数の推定は967人であった.さらに,耳鼻咽喉科診療所のインフルエンザ受診者の推定は71人であった.インフルエンザ受診患者の推定値は医療施設の特性ごとに差を生じており,医療施設の特性ごとにILIによる医療負荷を検討する必要性が示唆された.(著者抄録)

  180. [Epidemiological study of influenza-like illness under enhanced surveillance in Saku, Nagano Prefecture, outpatients during the 2008-09 influenza season]. 査読有り

    Kawamura, Masato Kamigaki, Taro Nukiwa, Nao Hashimoto, Akiko Tamaki, Raita Oshitani, Hotoshi

    Kansenshogaku Zasshi 84 (5) 575-582 2010年9月

    出版者・発行元:一般社団法人 日本感染症学会

    DOI: 10.11150/kansenshogakuzasshi.84.575  

    ISSN:0387-5911

    詳細を見る 詳細を閉じる

    内科や小児科を標榜する病院や診療所に毎年多くのインフルエンザ様患者が受診をしている.しかし,それらのインフルエンザ患者報告数は定点医療機関からの情報に基づいているため,実際のインフルエンザ感染者の全体像を反映しているか不明である.そこで2008/09 シーズンの長野県佐久地域における非定点医療機関を含む医療施設でのインフルエンザ様疾患(ILI)の受診に関する検討を行った.その結果,ILI は内科や小児科を標榜する医療機関の他に耳鼻咽喉科にも認められた.さらに,全ての調査施設から推定されたインフルエンザ受診者は2,415 人であり人口の約1.14%,定点医療機関からのILI 報告数に基づく推定値は同疫学週で2,862 人であり人口の約1.35%であった.インフルエンザ受診者数の推定値は,本調査における推定値よりも定点医療機関の推定値が約18.5%高かった.定点医療機関からの推定値は医療施設の特性別に小児科病院1,020 人,内科診療所(主な診療科目が小児科以外)1,674 人であった.しかし,我々の調査によるインフルエンザ推定受診者数は小児科病院503 人,内科診療所(主な診療科目が小児科以外)741 人であり,定点医療機関からの推定値の約半数であった.これらの差は定点医療機関に,より多くのILI 患者が受診しているためであると考えられる.また,医療施設の特性において医療機関として内科だけを標榜する病院と診療所(小児科を有しない)が佐久地域では定点医療機関としては含まれていない.しかし,今回の調査では同カテゴリーの医療機関においてインフルエンザ受診者数の推定は967 人であった.さらに,耳鼻咽喉科診療所のインフルエンザ受診者の推定は71 人であった.インフルエンザ受診患者の推定値は医療施設の特性ごとに差を生じており,医療施設の特性ごとにILI による医療負荷を検討する必要性が示唆された.

  181. Differentiation of human influenza A viruses including the pandemic subtype H1N1/2009 by conventional multiplex PCR 査読有り

    Yuki Furuse, Takashi Odagiri, Takashi Okada, Irona Khandaker, Kozue Shimabukuro, Rumi Sawayama, Akira Suzuki, Hitoshi Oshitani

    JOURNAL OF VIROLOGICAL METHODS 168 (1-2) 94-97 2010年9月

    出版者・発行元:ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV

    DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2010.04.023  

    ISSN:0166-0934

    詳細を見る 詳細を閉じる

    April 2009 witnessed the emergence of a novel H1N1 influenza A virus infecting the human population. Currently, pandemic and seasonal influenza viruses are co-circulating in human populations. Understanding the course of the emerging pandemic virus is important. It is still unknown how the novel virus co-circulates with or outcompetes seasonal viruses. Sustainable and detailed influenza surveillance is required throughout the world including developing countries. In the present study, a multiplex PCR using four primers was developed, which was designed to differentiate the pandemic H1N1 virus from the seasonal HI NI and H3N2 viruses, to obtain amplicons of different sizes. Multiplex PCR analysis could clearly differentiate the three subtypes of human influenza A virus. This assay was performed using 206 clinical samples collected in 2009 in Japan. Between February and April, four samples were subtyped as seasonal H1N1 and four as seasonal H3N2. All samples collected after July were subtyped as pandemic H1N1. Currently, pandemic viruses seem to have replaced seasonal viruses almost completely in Japan. This is a highly sensitive method and its cost is low. Influenza surveillance using this assay would provide significant information on the epidemiology of both pandemic and seasonal influenza. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

  182. Comparison of selection pressures on the HA gene of pandemic (2009) and seasonal human and swine influenza A H1 subtype viruses 査読有り

    Yuki Furuse, Kozue Shimabukuro, Takashi Odagiri, Rumi Sawayama, Takashi Okada, Irona Khandaker, Akira Suzuki, Hitoshi Oshitani

    VIROLOGY 405 (2) 314-321 2010年9月

    出版者・発行元:ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE

    DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2010.06.018  

    ISSN:0042-6822

    詳細を見る 詳細を閉じる

    The 2009 human pandemic influenza (H1N1) virus possesses the HA gene of the H1 subtype. The evolutionary process of the 2009 H1N1 virus remains to be defined. We performed genetic analyses of the HA gene by comparing the 2009 H1N1 virus with seasonal human and swine viruses. We analyzed sequences of 116 2009 H1N1 viruses, and obtained 1457 seasonal H1N1, 365 swine H1, and 1332 2009 H1N1 viruses from the database. Selection pressure for the 2009 H1N1 virus was higher than that for the swine virus and equivalent to that for the seasonal virus. Positions 206 and 264 were found to be positively selected sites. We also identified sites under different selection pressures from the seasonal or swine virus that may be involved in imparting significant biological characteristics. The evolutionary characteristics of the H1 gene of the 2009 H1N1 virus differed from those of seasonal and swine viruses. (C) 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

  183. 新規呼吸器ウイルス感染症のフィリピンにおける疫学調査

    古瀬 祐気, 鈴木 陽, 押谷 仁

    感染症学雑誌 84 (4) 539-540 2010年7月

    出版者・発行元:(一社)日本感染症学会

    ISSN:0387-5911

  184. Detection of Novel Respiratory Viruses From Influenza-Like Illness in the Philippines 査読有り

    Yuki Furuse, Akira Suzuki, Makiko Kishi, Hazel O. Galang, Socorro P. Lupisan, Remigio M. Olveda, Hitoshi Oshitani

    JOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY 82 (6) 1071-1074 2010年6月

    出版者・発行元:WILEY-LISS

    DOI: 10.1002/jmv.21763  

    ISSN:0146-6615

    詳細を見る 詳細を閉じる

    Several novel viruses have been recently identified in respiratory samples. However, the epidemiology of these viruses in tropical countries remains unclear. The aim of the present study was to provide an overview of the epidemiology of novel respiratory viruses, including human metapneumovirus, human bocavirus, new subtypes of human coronavirus (NL63 and HKU1), KI virus, WU virus, and Melaka virus in the Philippines, a tropical country. Nasopharyngeal aspirates from 465 patients with influenza-like illness were collected in 2006 and 2007. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and PCR were performed to detect viruses from culture-negative specimens. Human metapneumovirus, human bocavirus, human coronavirus HKU1, KI virus, and WU virus were detected for the first time in the Philippines; Melaka virus was not found. J. Med. Virol. 82:1071-1074, 2010. (C) 2010 Wiley-Liss, Inc

  185. Proteomics search of influenza A viruses for adaptive mutations to human hosts 査読有り

    Yuki Furuse, Hitoshi Oshitani

    EXPERT REVIEW OF PROTEOMICS 7 (3) 323-326 2010年6月

    出版者・発行元:EXPERT REVIEWS

    DOI: 10.1586/EPR.10.28  

    ISSN:1478-9450

    詳細を見る 詳細を閉じる

    The emergence of an influenza pandemic is of great concern globally. It is, therefore, necessary to have a better understanding of the adaptation of influenza A viruses to humans. The mutation patterns affecting host tropism may provide information on the mechanisms and determinants of the host barrier. The work by Miotto et al. describes a catalog of mutations observed specifically in human influenza A viruses by analyzing almost 100,000 influenza A virus protein sequences. These sites may be important for host tropism and characteristic mutations of human influenza viruses may be required for efficient human-to-human transmission. The catalog can be used for genetic surveillance of zoonotic strains of the influenza A virus to determine their pandemic potential, as well as for basic research on the influenza A virus.

  186. Reassortment between swine influenza A viruses increased their adaptation to humans in pandemic H1N1/09 査読有り

    Yuki Furuse, Akira Suzuki, Hitoshi Oshitani

    INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 10 (4) 569-574 2010年5月

    出版者・発行元:ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV

    DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2010.01.010  

    ISSN:1567-1348

    詳細を見る 詳細を閉じる

    In April 2009, pandemic H1N1/09 influenza, which originated from swine influenza, appeared in North America, and it has since spread globally among humans. It is important to know how swine influenza A virus broke the host barrier to cause a pandemic. We analyzed 673 strains of human, avian, and swine influenza viruses and assessed the internal genes PB2, PB1, PA, NP, M, and NS. Here we found accumulation of mutations in segments that were retained as well as introduced due to genetic reassortment of viruses. The retained segments may have to mutate to accommodate new segments. The mutations caused by interaction among segments retained and introduced due to reassortment between swine influenza viruses may have increased the adaptation of the virus to humans, leading to pandemic H1N1/09. We indicate the sites that probably contributed to the acquisition of efficient human-to-human transmission. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

  187. 2008-2009シーズンの庄内地域における季節性インフルエンザ外来患者からみた医療施設への負荷の検討

    貫和 奈央, 神垣 太郎, 河村 真人, 橋本 亜希子, 玉記 雷太, 押谷 仁

    感染症学雑誌 84 (臨増) 417-417 2010年3月

    出版者・発行元:(一社)日本感染症学会

    ISSN:0387-5911

    eISSN:1884-569X

  188. 呼吸器感染症 新規呼吸器ウイルス感染症のフィリピンにおける疫学調査

    古瀬 祐気, 鈴木 陽, 押谷 仁

    感染症学雑誌 84 (臨増) 183-183 2010年3月

    出版者・発行元:(一社)日本感染症学会

    ISSN:0387-5911

  189. 2008-2009年フィリピン・レイテ島タクロバンにおいて小児重症肺炎患者から検出されたRSウイルス

    大野 歩, 鈴木 陽, 藤 直子, 古瀬 祐気, 玉記 雷太, 齋藤 麻理子, 押谷 仁

    感染症学雑誌 84 (臨増) 290-290 2010年3月

    出版者・発行元:(一社)日本感染症学会

    ISSN:0387-5911

    eISSN:1884-569X

  190. Measles outbreaks in displaced populations: a review of transmission, morbidity and mortality associated factors 査読有り

    Isidore K. Kouadio, Taro Kamigaki, Hitoshi Oshitani

    BMC INTERNATIONAL HEALTH AND HUMAN RIGHTS 10 5-5 2010年3月

    出版者・発行元:BIOMED CENTRAL LTD

    DOI: 10.1186/1472-698X-10-5  

    ISSN:1472-698X

    詳細を見る 詳細を閉じる

    Background: Measles is a highly contagious infectious disease with a significant public health impact especially among displaced populations due to their characteristic mass population displacement, high population density in camps and low measles vaccination coverage among children. While the fatality rate in stable populations is generally around 2%, evidence shows that it is usually high among populations displaced by disasters. In recent years, refugees and internally displaced persons have been increasing. Our study aims to define the epidemiological characteristics and risk factors associated with measles outbreaks in displaced populations. Methods: We reviewed literature in the PubMed database, and selected articles for our analysis that quantitatively described measles outbreaks. Results: A total of nine articles describing 11 measles outbreak studies were selected. The outbreaks occurred between 1979 and 2005 in Asia and Africa, mostly during post-conflict situations. Seven of eight outbreaks were associated with poor vaccination status (vaccination coverage; 17-57%), while one was predominantly due to one-dose vaccine coverage. The age of cases ranged from 1 month to 39 years. Children aged 6 months to 5 years were the most common target group for vaccination; however, 1622 cases (51.0% of the total cases) were older than 5 years of age. Higher case-fatality rates (&gt;5%) were reported for five outbreaks. Consistent factors associated with measles transmission, morbidity and mortality were vaccination status, living conditions, movements of refugees, nutritional status and effectiveness of control measures including vaccination campaigns, surveillance and security situations in affected zones. No fatalities were reported in two outbreaks during which a combination of active and passive surveillance was employed. Conclusion: Measles patterns have varied over time among populations displaced by natural and man-made disasters. Appropriate risk assessment and surveillance strategies are essential approaches for reducing morbidity and mortality due to measles. Learning from past experiences of measles outbreaks in displaced populations is important for designing future strategies for measles control in such situations.

  191. Origin of measles virus: divergence from rinderpest virus between the 11(th) and 12(th) centuries 査読有り

    Yuki Furuse, Akira Suzuki, Hitoshi Oshitani

    VIROLOGY JOURNAL 7 52-52 2010年3月

    出版者・発行元:BIOMED CENTRAL LTD

    DOI: 10.1186/1743-422X-7-52  

    ISSN:1743-422X

    詳細を見る 詳細を閉じる

    Measles, caused by measles virus (MeV), is a common infection in children. MeV is a member of the genus Morbillivirus and is most closely related to rinderpest virus (RPV), which is a pathogen of cattle. MeV is thought to have evolved in an environment where cattle and humans lived in close proximity. Understanding the evolutionary history of MeV could answer questions related to divergence times of MeV and RPV. We investigated divergence times using relaxed clock Bayesian phylogenetics. Our estimates reveal that MeV had an evolutionary rate of 6.0-6.5 x 10(-4) substitutions/site/year. It was concluded that the divergence time of the most recent common ancestor of current MeV was the early 20(th) century. And, divergence between MeV and RPV occurred around the 11(th) to 12(th) centuries. The result was unexpected because emergence of MeV was previously considered to have occurred in the prehistoric age. MeV may have originated from virus of non-human species and caused emerging infectious diseases around the 11(th) to 12(th) centuries. In such cases, investigating measles would give important information about the course of emerging infectious diseases.

  192. Occurrence of Mixed Populations of Influenza A Viruses That Can Be Maintained through Transmission in a Single Host and Potential for Reassortment 査読有り

    Yuki Furuse, Akira Suzuki, Makiko Kishi, Nao Nukiwa, Midori Shimizu, Rumi Sawayama, Naoko Fuji, Hitoshi Oshitani

    JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY 48 (2) 369-374 2010年2月

    出版者・発行元:AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY

    DOI: 10.1128/JCM.01795-09  

    ISSN:0095-1137

    詳細を見る 詳細を閉じる

    Reassortment, which is the rearrangement of viral gene segments in a host cell infected with two different viruses, is an important mechanism for the evolution of influenza viruses. Mixed infections with multiple virus types could lead to reassortment. To better understand the occurrence of quasispecies in a single host, we investigated mixed infection in individual isolates of seasonal influenza A viruses using amantadine sensitivity as a marker. We cultured viruses with amantadine, and performed sequencing, restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis, cloning, and quantitative PCR to detect mixed populations. Culturing with amantadine showed evidence of a high number of mixed populations, while the other assays could hardly detect mixed populations. The existence of quasispecies in each isolate was common. However, the proportion of these, which can be less than 1%, is too low to be detected by conventional methods. Such mixed populations, in which reassortment occurs may have a significant role in the evolution of viruses.

  193. Evolutionary analyses on the HA gene ofpandemic H1N1/09: early findings. 査読有り

    Furuse, Yuki Suzuki, Akira Oshitani, Hitoshi

    Bioinformation 5 (1) 7-10 2010年

  194. Influenza pandemic preparedness and severity assessment of pandemic (H1N1) 2009 in South-east Asia 査読有り

    T. Kamigaki, H. Oshitani

    PUBLIC HEALTH 124 (1) 5-9 2010年1月

    出版者・発行元:W B SAUNDERS CO LTD

    DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2009.11.003  

    ISSN:0033-3506

    詳細を見る 詳細を閉じる

    Pandemic (H1N1) 2009 poses a serious global health threat. However, the global impact of this new pandemic remains uncertain. Past pandemics had different impacts on mortality which varied between countries. Several countries in South-east Asia have already developed their national pandemic preparedness plans. However, these plans have focused on surveillance for and response to the highly pathogenic avian influenza (H5N1), including the rapid containment of H5N1. The newly emerged pandemic ( H1N1) 2009 is different from H5N1 in terms of severity and requires different approaches. There are several factors that can potentially affect the severity of pandemic ( H1N1) 2009, including a population&apos;s vulnerability and response capacity. The pattern of severity appears to be changing with the spread of pandemic ( H1N1) 2009, which can be conceptualized in a stepwise manner based on observation of the current situation. The overall impact of pandemic ( H1N1) 2009 remains unknown and it is difficult to assess its severity. However, there is an urgent need to assess its potential severity based on the available data so that appropriate responses can be provided in order to mitigate its impact. (C) 2009 The Royal Society for Public Health. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  195. フィリピン・レイテ島における小児重症肺炎の疫学調査

    鈴木 陽, 古瀬 祐気, 藤 直子, 大野 歩, 玉記 雷太, 齋藤 麻理子, 押谷 仁

    日本小児科学会雑誌 113 (12) 1876-1876 2009年12月

    出版者・発行元:(公社)日本小児科学会

    ISSN:0001-6543

  196. Reassortment between Amantadine-Resistant and -Sensitive H1N1 Influenza A Viruses Generated an Amantadine-Sensitive Virus during the 2007-2008 Season 査読有り

    Yuki Furuse, Akira Suzuki, Midori Shimizu, Makiko Kishi, Rumi Sawayama, Mariko Saito, Naoko Fuji, Nao Nukiwa, Hitoshi Oshitani

    JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES 200 (11) 1766-1773 2009年12月

    出版者・発行元:UNIV CHICAGO PRESS

    DOI: 10.1086/647989  

    ISSN:0022-1899

    詳細を見る 詳細を閉じる

    The frequency of the amantadine-resistant H1N1 influenza A virus has been increasing since the 2005-2006 season. It is unclear whether reassortment was involved in this trend. Here, we show that cocirculation of amantadine-resistant and -sensitive strains led to the genesis of amantadine-sensitive reassortant virus during the 2007-2008 season. Thereafter, the reassortant virus predominated. This contrasts with the trend for the H3N2 virus, in which the amantadine-resistant reassortant virus became predominant. The results suggest that it is necessary to monitor genome dynamics to understand the evolution and mechanism of the emergence and spread of antiviral resistance among influenza A viruses.

  197. アジアインフルエンザにおける学校閉鎖とMortality impactに関する疫学的検討

    神垣 太郎, 玉記 雷太, 橋本 亜希子, 押谷 仁

    感染症学雑誌 83 (6) 692-692 2009年11月

    出版者・発行元:(一社)日本感染症学会

    ISSN:0387-5911

    eISSN:1884-569X

  198. Lancet conferences: Influenza in the Asia-Pacific 査読有り

    Taro Kamigaki, Hitoshi Oshitani

    Expert Review of Vaccines 8 (11) 1527-1529 2009年11月

    DOI: 10.1586/erv.09.119  

    ISSN:1476-0584 1744-8395

    詳細を見る 詳細を閉じる

    Pandemic influenza A (H1N1) has raised global concern and as of 4 August 2009, more than 170,000 cases with 1428 deaths have been reported globally to the WHO. In response, many ongoing studies and projects are attempting to describe this pandemic in more detail with respect to virology, epidemiology and clinical management. The Lancet organized an international conference in Beijing, China on 22-23 August 2009, immediately after the International Scientific Symposium on Influenza A (H1N1) Pandemic Response and Preparedness, which was organized by the Ministry of Health, China. The aim of the Lancet conference was to update scientific knowledge about both seasonal and pandemic influenza. This conference also attempted to provide an insight into fundamental public health and operation strategies to mitigate the impact of seasonal and pandemic influenza within the Asia-Pacific region. In this article, the authors have tried to summarize this conference and discuss future prospects of pandemic preparedness and response. © 2009 Expert Reviews Ltd.

  199. Outbreak of measles and rubella in refugee transit camps 査読有り

    I. K. Kouadio, A. K. Koffi, H. Attoh-Toure, T. Kamigaki, H. Oshitani

    EPIDEMIOLOGY AND INFECTION 137 (11) 1593-1601 2009年11月

    出版者・発行元:CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS

    DOI: 10.1017/S0950268809002520  

    ISSN:0950-2688

    詳細を見る 詳細を閉じる

    In 2004, concurrent measles and rubella outbreaks occurred in four camps hosting 2767 Liberian refugees in Cote d&apos;Ivoire. Sixty rash and fever cases were identified. From 19 January to 23 February 2004 (weeks 8-13), measles IgM testing showed that 61.1% were positive. The highest incidence rate (18.5%) of measles was observed in children aged &lt;9 months. Ninety-three percent of children aged between 6 months and 15 years received a measles vaccine during week 13, but the rash and fever cases continued to Occur. This prompted a systematic test for both measles and rubella IgM antibodies. Rubella IgM testing revealed 74.0 % positive cases between 14 February and 25 April (weeks 11-21). The highest incidence rate (3.88 %) of rubella was found in children aged between 5 and 15 years. Supplemental immunization with a measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine was conducted during week 20. This Study illustrates the importance of testing for both measles and rubella in outbreaks of rash and fever in refugee settings.

  200. アジアにおける急性肺炎サーベイランスの感度の検討

    橋本 亜希子, 神垣 太郎, 玉記 雷太, 押谷 仁

    日本公衆衛生学会総会抄録集 68回 300-300 2009年10月

    出版者・発行元:日本公衆衛生学会

    ISSN:1347-8060

  201. Large-Scale Sequence Analysis of M Gene of Influenza A Viruses from Different Species: Mechanisms for Emergence and Spread of Amantadine Resistance 査読有り

    Yuki Furuse, Akira Suzuki, Hitoshi Oshitani

    ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS AND CHEMOTHERAPY 53 (10) 4457-4463 2009年10月

    出版者・発行元:AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY

    DOI: 10.1128/AAC.00650-09  

    ISSN:0066-4804

    詳細を見る 詳細を閉じる

    Influenza A virus infects many species, and amantadine is used as an antiviral agent. Recently, a substantial increase in amantadine-resistant strains has been reported, most of which have a substitution at amino acid position 31 in the M2 gene. Understanding the mechanism responsible for the emergence and spread of antiviral resistance is important for developing a treatment protocol for seasonal influenza and for deciding on a policy for antiviral stockpiling for pandemic influenza. The present study was conducted to identify the existence of drug pressure on the emergence and spread of amantadine-resistant influenza A viruses. We analyzed data on more than 5,000 virus sequences and constructed a phylogenetic tree to calculate selective pressures on sites in the M2 gene associated with amantadine resistance (positions 26, 27, 30, and 31) among different hosts. The phylogenetic tree revealed that the emergence and spread of the drug-resistant M gene in different hosts and subtypes were independent and not through reassortment. For human influenza virus, positive selection was detected only at position 27. Selective pressures on the sites were not always higher for human influenza virus than for viruses of other hosts. Additionally, selective pressure on position 31 did not increase after the introduction of amantadine. Although there is a possibility of drug pressure on human influenza virus, we could not find positive pressure on position 31. Because the recent rapid increase in drug-resistant virus is associated with the substitution at position 31, the resistance may not be related to drug use.

  202. Evolution of the M gene of the influenza A virus in different host species: large-scale sequence analysis 査読有り

    Yuki Furuse, Akira Suzuki, Taro Kamigaki, Hitoshi Oshitani

    VIROLOGY JOURNAL 6 67-67 2009年5月

    出版者・発行元:BIOMED CENTRAL LTD

    DOI: 10.1186/1743-422X-6-67  

    ISSN:1743-422X

    詳細を見る 詳細を閉じる

    Background: Influenza A virus infects not only humans, but also other species including avian and swine. If a novel influenza A subtype acquires the ability to spread between humans efficiently, it could cause the next pandemic. Therefore it is necessary to understand the evolutionary processes of influenza A viruses in various hosts in order to gain better knowledge about the emergence of pandemic virus. The virus has segmented RNA genome and 7th segment, M gene, encodes 2 proteins. M1 is a matrix protein and M2 is a membrane protein. The M gene may be involved in determining host tropism. Besides, novel vaccines targeting M1 or M2 protein to confer cross subtype protection have been under development. We conducted the present study to investigate the evolution of the M gene by analyzing its sequence in different species. Results: Phylogenetic tree revealed host-specific lineages and evolution rates were different among species. Selective pressure on M2 was stronger than that on M1. Selective pressure on M1 for human influenza was stronger than that for avian influenza, as well as M2. Site-by-site analyses identified one site (amino acid position 219) in M1 as positively selected in human. Positions 115 and 121 in M1, at which consensus amino acids were different between human and avian, were under negative selection in both hosts. As to M2, 10 sites were under positive selection in human. Seven sites locate in extracellular domain. That might be due to host&apos;s immune pressure. One site (position 27) positively selected in transmembrane domain is known to be associated with drug resistance. And, two sites (positions 57 and 89) locate in cytoplasmic domain. The sites are involved in several functions. Conclusion: The M gene of influenza A virus has evolved independently, under different selective pressure on M1 and M2 among different hosts. We found potentially important sites that may be related to host tropism and immune responses. These sites may be important for evolutional process in different hosts and host adaptation.

  203. アジアインフルエンザにおける学校閉鎖とMortality impactに関する疫学的検討

    神垣 太郎, 玉記 雷太, 橋本 亜希子, 押谷 仁

    感染症学雑誌 83 (臨増) 298-298 2009年3月

    出版者・発行元:(一社)日本感染症学会

    ISSN:0387-5911

    eISSN:1884-569X

  204. Reversion of Influenza A (H3N2) Virus from Amantadine Resistant to Amantadine Sensitive by Further Reassortment in Japan during the 2006-to-2007 Influenza Season 査読有り

    Yuki Furuse, Akira Suzuki, Taro Kamigaki, Midori Shimizu, Naoko Fuji, Hitoshi Oshitani

    JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY 47 (3) 841-844 2009年3月

    出版者・発行元:AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY

    DOI: 10.1128/JCM.01622-08  

    ISSN:0095-1137

    詳細を見る 詳細を閉じる

    In the 2006-to-2007 influenza season, amantadine-sensitive strains were found among the N-lineage influenza A (H3N2) viruses, which were previously believed to be associated with amantadine resistance. Wholegenome sequencing results indicated that this was due to a further reassortment event.

  205. Stability of the seven hexon hypervariable region sequences of adenovirus types 1-6 isolated in Yamagata, Japan between 1988 and 2007 査読有り

    Katsumi Mizuta, Yoko Matsuzaki, Seiji Hongo, Akira Ohmi, Michiko Okamoto, Hidekazu Nishimura, Tsutomu Itagaki, Noriko Katsushima, Hitoshi Oshitani, Akira Suzuki, Yuki Furuse, Masahiro Noda, Hirokazu Kimura, Tadayuki Ahiko

    VIRUS RESEARCH 140 (1-2) 32-39 2009年3月

    出版者・発行元:ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV

    DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2008.10.014  

    ISSN:0168-1702

    詳細を見る 詳細を閉じる

    Seven hexon hypervariable regions (HVRs) of adenoviruses (Ads) were identified by comparing the regions among different serotypes; however, no one has compared HVR sequences among the identical serotypes, except for adenovirus type 3 (Ad3). To examine a variability between the HVRs for each serotype. we compared the sequences of Ad1-6 isolates, respectively, isolated between 1988 and 2007 in Yamagata, Japan. We selected 23-43 isolates randomly and sequenced 894-987 bp regions. Except for strains with insertions and deletions, the sequence identities among Ad1-6 were 99-100%, excluding that between the two Ad5 groups (approx. 94%). Even the insertions and deletions were likely to be established, as these changes were repeatedly observed. The obtained phylogenetic tree indicated that Ad isolates and reference strains branched depending on serotype. The Yamagata isolates had similar sequences or amino acid arrangements to the reference strains as well as to other strains isolated in different areas. HVRs have been stably conserved as serotype-specific regions for a long period with only minor genomic variations. Therefore, we herein recommend that these regions be hereafter referred to as "serotype-specific regions", which might be a more appropriate title with which to characterize the epidemiological nature of these sites than the current "HVRs". (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

  206. Encephalitis and encephalopathy associated with pandemic flu 査読有り

    Raita Tamaki, Taro Kamigaki, Hitoshi Oshitani

    Brain and Nerve 61 (2) 153-160 2009年2月

    ISSN:1881-6096

    詳細を見る 詳細を閉じる

    Avian influenza A (H5N1) viruses in birds in parts of Asia, Africa, and Middle East continue to cause human diseases and to pose the threat of human pandemic flu. Pandemic flu is characterized by respiratory symptoms and is a cause of high fatality rates in the younger population. Previous studies have shown that avian influenza A (H5N1) viruses in humans might also target organs other than lungs. Historical records reveal that in 1918, more than 40 million people died due to influenza pandemic this pandemic was rapidly followed by an epidemic of encephalitis lethargica in 1919. From the mid-1990's, there have been outbreaks of encephalopathy in Japan which appear to be associated with influenza. In this article, neurological complications associated with influenza have been reviewed by taking a closer look at previous influenza pandemics in the 20th century and seasonal influenza epidemics in Japan this will enhance preparations against human pandemics. In addition, we have also reviewed a few human cases of avian influenza A (H5N1) infection where the central nervous system (CNS) are involved.

  207. The Pandemic (H1N1) 2009 Virus: From an Epidemiologic Triangle Viewpoint. 査読有り

    Mpolya EA, Furuse Y, Nukiwa N, Suzuki A, Kamigaki T, Oshitani H

    Journal of Disaster Research 4 (5) 356-364 2009年

  208. Epidemiological characteristics and low case fatality rate of pandemic (H1N1) 2009 in Japan 査読有り

    Taro Kamigaki, Hitoshi Oshitani

    PLoS Currents 1 RRN1139-RRN1139 2009年

    DOI: 10.1371/currents.RRN1139  

    ISSN:2157-3999

    詳細を見る 詳細を閉じる

    Pandemic (H1N1) 2009 has been causing large outbreaks in Japan. Yet, the case fatality rate (CFR) remains low and only 85 deaths have been confirmed as of December 17, 2009. Surveillance data was analyzed to define epidemiological characteristics of pandemic (H1N1) 2009 in Japan. It was shown that most of the reported influenza-like illness cases and hospitalizations have occurred in those aged 5-9 years and 10-14 years, in whom CFR is extremely low. However, CFRs are higher in small children (&lt 5 years) and adults. The transmission to these age groups may possibly have been minimized through aggressive suspension of classes in schools.

  209. 仙台市内で流行したインフルエンザウイルスの薬剤耐性

    古瀬 祐気, 鈴木 陽, 押谷 仁, 阿部 修一, 板野 正敬, 井上 重夫, 遠藤 晃彦, 加納 一毅, 萱場 潤, 嘉山 益子, 川村 和久, 関 信夫, 田山 利幸, 速水 俊三, 松本 文子, 目時 規公也, 師 保之, 八木 恒夫, 山本 克哉, 吉田 眞

    日本小児科学会雑誌 112 (9) 1431-1431 2008年9月

    出版者・発行元:(公社)日本小児科学会

    ISSN:0001-6543

  210. Major issues and challenges of influenza pandemic preparedness in developing countries 査読有り

    Hitoshi Oshitani, Taro Kamigaki, Akira Suzuki

    EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES 14 (6) 875-880 2008年6月

    出版者・発行元:CENTERS DISEASE CONTROL

    DOI: 10.3201/eid1406.070839  

    ISSN:1080-6040

    詳細を見る 詳細を閉じる

    Better preparedness for an influenza pandemic mitigates its impact. Many countries have started developing and implementing national influenza pandemic preparedness plans. However, the level of preparedness varies among countries. Developing countries encounter unique and difficult issues and challenges in preparing for a pandemic. Deaths attributable to an influenza pandemic could be substantially higher in developing countries than in industrialized countries. Pharmaceutical interventions such as vaccines and antiviral agents are less likely to be available in developing countries. The public health and clinical infrastructure of developing countries are often inadequate to deal with a widespread health crisis such as an influenza pandemic. Such an event will inevitably have a global effect. Therefore, improving pandemic preparedness in every country, particularly developing ones, is urgently needed.

  211. Risk factors for human infection with avian influenza A H5N1, Vietnam, 2004 査読有り

    Pham Ngoc Dinh, Hoang Thuy Long, Nguyen Thi Kim Tien, Nguyen Tran Hien, Le Thi Quynh Mai, Le Hong Phong, Le Van Tuan, Hoang Van Tan, Nguyen Binh Nguyen, Phan Van Tu, Nguyen Thi Minh Phuong

    EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES 12 (12) 1841-1847 2006年12月

    出版者・発行元:CENTERS DISEASE CONTROL

    DOI: 10.3201/eid1212.060829  

    ISSN:1080-6040

    eISSN:1080-6059

    詳細を見る 詳細を閉じる

    To evaluate risk factors for human infection with influenza A subtype H5N1, we performed a matched case-control study in Vietnam. We enrolled 28 case-patients who had laboratory-confirmed H5N1 infection during 2004 and 106 age-, sex-, and location-matched control-respondents. Data were analyzed by matched-pair analysis and multivariate conditional logistic regression. Factors that were independently associated with H5N1 infection were preparing sick or dead poultry for consumption &lt;= 7 days before illness onset (matched odds ratio [OR] 8.99, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.98-81.99, p = 0.05), having sick or dead poultry in the household &lt;= days before illness onset (matched OR 4.94, 95% Cl 1.21-20.20, p = 0.03), and lack of an indoor water source (matched OR 6.46, 95% Cl 1.20-34.81, p = 0.03). Factors not significantly associated with infection were raising healthy poultry, preparing healthy poultry for consumption, and exposure to persons with an acute respiratory illness.

  212. Potential benefits and limitations of various strategies to mitigate the impact of an influenza pandemic 査読有り

    Hitoshi Oshitani

    Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy 12 (4) 167-171 2006年

    出版者・発行元:Springer Japan

    DOI: 10.1007/s10156-006-0453-z  

    ISSN:1341-321X

    詳細を見る 詳細を閉じる

    The recent avian influenza outbreaks underscore the importance of improving our preparedness for an impending influenza pandemic. Various strategies, including pharmaceutical interventions (such as vaccines and antivirals) and nonpharmaceutical interventions (such as quarantine, isolation, and social distancing) may be implemented to mitigate the impact of a pandemic. It is necessary to understand the potential benefits and limitations of each strategy to determine the most appropriate strategies to be implemented. In this article, each strategy is reviewed to define its potential benefits and limitations during a pandemic. Vaccines are probably the most effective measure to reduce morbidity and mortality. However, vaccines are not likely to be available at an early stage of a pandemic. The supply of vaccines is most likely to be insufficient due to limited worldwide production capacity. Antivirals, particularly neuraminidase inhibitors, are expected to be effective against a pandemic influenza strain and are the only available pharmaceutical intervention until enough vaccines are produced. Shortage of supply and high cost is still a major limiting factor in amassing large stockpiles of neuraminidase inhibitors. The possible emergence of resistant strains should also be considered. Nonpharmaceutical interventions can be effective in preventing the spread of the virus under certain conditions. The effectiveness of nonpharmaceutical interventions depends on how influenza viruses are transmitted. There are still significant gaps in the scientific evidence of the way in which influenza viruses are transmitted. Further studies should be conducted to define the basic transmission patterns of influenza viruses. © Japanese Society of Chemotherapy and The Japanese Association for Infectious Diseases 2006.

  213. Implementing the new International Health Regulations in the Pacific--challenges and opportunities. 査読有り

    Hitoshi Oshitani, Hitoshi Ailan, Li Roces, Maria Concepcion Sian, Dato' Tee, Ah Ken, Chen Kiedrzynski, Tom

    Pac Health Dialog 12 (2) 135-143 2005年9月

  214. Lessons learned from international responses to severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS). 査読有り

    Oshitani, Hitoshi

    Environ Health Prev Med 10 (5) 251-254 2005年9月

    出版者・発行元:日本衛生学会

    DOI: 10.1007/BF02897698  

    ISSN:1342-078X

    詳細を見る 詳細を閉じる

    In early February 2003, a previously unknown disease causing severe pneumonia was recognised. This disease which is now known as severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) is believed to have had its origins in the Guangdong Province of China, and was the cause of a multi-country epidemic resulting in significant morbidity and mortality. The World Health Organization (WHO) has been coordi-nating the international response to provide the epidemiological, laboratory, clinical and logistic requirements needed to contain this disease. A rapid spread of SARS around the world occurred at its onset, facilitated greatly by air travel. Between November 2002 and July 2003, a total of 8,094 cases and 774 cases were reported from 26 countries worldwide. WHO responded quickly to this multi-country outbreak and on 12 March released a "global alert" about SARS. This was followed by the first WHO travel advisory on 15 March. The Global Outbreak Alert and Response Network was activated, and international experts were brought together to implement enhanced global surveillance systems for SARS. The international community has learned a lot of lessons from the SARS outbreak. Particularly, rapid and transparent information sharing between countries is critical to prevent international spread of the disease. However, information exchange was less than optimal in the early phase of the outbreak.

  215. Lessons learned from international responses to severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) (Environmental Health and Preventive Medicine)

    Oshitani Hitoshi

    Environmental Health and Preventive Medicine 10 (5) 251-254 2005年9月

    出版者・発行元:日本衛生学会

    DOI: 10.1265/ehpm.10.251  

    ISSN:1342-078X

    詳細を見る 詳細を閉じる

    In early February 2003, a previously unknown disease causing severe pneumonia was recognised. This disease which is now known as severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) is believed to have had its origins in the Guangdong Province of China, and was the cause of a multi-country epidemic resulting in significant morbidity and mortality. The World Health Organization (WHO) has been coordi-nating the international response to provide the epidemiological, laboratory, clinical and logistic requirements needed to contain this disease. A rapid spread of SARS around the world occurred at its onset, facilitated greatly by air travel. Between November 2002 and July 2003, a total of 8,094 cases and 774 cases were reported from 26 countries worldwide. WHO responded quickly to this multi-country outbreak and on 12 March released a "global alert" about SARS. This was followed by the first WHO travel advisory on 15 March. The Global Outbreak Alert and Response Network was activated, and international experts were brought together to implement enhanced global surveillance systems for SARS. The international community has learned a lot of lessons from the SARS outbreak. Particularly, rapid and transparent information sharing between countries is critical to prevent international spread of the disease. However, information exchange was less than optimal in the early phase of the outbreak.

  216. Rumor surveillance and avian influenza H5N1 査読有り

    G Samaan, M Patel, B Olowokure, MC Roces, H Oshitani

    EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES 11 (3) 463-466 2005年3月

    出版者・発行元:CENTER DISEASE CONTROL

    DOI: 10.3201/eid1103.040657  

    ISSN:1080-6040

    詳細を見る 詳細を閉じる

    We describe the enhanced rumor surveillance during the avian influenza H5N1 outbreak in 2004. The World Health Organization's Western Pacific Regional Office identified 40 rumors; 9 were verified to be true. Rumor surveillance informed immediate public health action and prevented unnecessary and costly responses.

  217. Lack of H5N1 Avian influenza transmission to hospital employees, Hanoi, 2004 査読有り

    NT Liem, W Lim

    EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES 11 (2) 210-215 2005年2月

    出版者・発行元:CENTER DISEASE CONTROL

    DOI: 10.3201/eid1102.041075  

    ISSN:1080-6040

    詳細を見る 詳細を閉じる

    To establish whether human-to-human transmission of influenza A H5N1 occurred in the healthcare setting in Vietnam, we conducted a cross-sectional seroprevalence survey among hospital employees exposed to 4 confirmed and 1 probable H5N1 case-patients or their clinical speck mens. Eighty-three (95.4%) of 87 eligible employees completed a questionnaire and provided a serum sample, which was tested for antibodies to influenza A H5N1. Ninety-five percent reported exposure to &gt;1 H5N1 case-patients; 59 (72.0%) reported symptoms, and 2 (2.4%) fulfilled the definition for a possible H5N1 secondary case-patient. No study participants had detectable antibodies to influenza A H5N1. The data suggest that the H5N1 viruses responsible for human cases in Vietnam in January 2004 are not readily transmitted from person to person. However, influenza viruses are genetically variable, and transmissibility is difficult to predict. Therefore, persons providing care for H5N1 patients should continue to take measures to protect themselves.

  218. Can oral cholera vaccination play a role in controlling a cholera outbreak? 査読有り

    P Calain, JP Chaine, E Johnson, ML Hawley, MJ O'Leary, H Oshitani, CL Chaignat

    VACCINE 22 (19) 2444-2451 2004年6月

    出版者・発行元:ELSEVIER SCI LTD

    DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2003.11.070  

    ISSN:0264-410X

    詳細を見る 詳細を閉じる

    Control measures to limit the spread of a cholera outbreak in Pohnpei Island (Micronesia), included mass vaccination with the single-dose live-attenuated oral cholera vaccine CVD 103-HgR as a potential adjunct measure. The outbreak provided a unique opportunity to evaluate the practicality of use and effectiveness of this vaccine. Under field conditions encountered in Pohnpei, crude vaccine efficacy was estimated at 79.2% (95% Cl: 71.9-84.6%) in the target population. Retrospective analysis suggests that mass vaccination with oral cholera vaccines can be a useful adjunct tool for controlling outbreaks, particularly if implemented early in association with other standard control measures. (C) 2004 World Health Organization. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  219. Public health interventions and SARS spread, 2003

    David M. Bell, David M. Bell, David M. Bell, David M. Bell, David M. Bell, Ximena Aguilera, Roy Anderson, Dounia Bitar, Martin Cetron, Pattie Simone, Chew Suok Kai, Benjamin K.W. Koh, Clete DiGiovanni, Arlene King, Cindy K.L. Lai, P. L. Ma, Angus Nicoll, Jane Leese, Sonja Olsen, Alice Sarradet, Mingchang Song, Ron St. John, Susan Courage, Robert Steffen, Leonie Prasad, Ih Jen Su, S. K. Lai, Julie Hall, Emmanuel Jesuthasan, Angela Merianos, Cathy Roth, Max Hardiman, Hitoshi Oshitani

    Emerging Infectious Diseases 10 1900-1906 2004年1月1日

    DOI: 10.3201/eid1011.040729  

    ISSN:1080-6040

    詳細を見る 詳細を閉じる

    The 2003 outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) was contained largely through traditional public health interventions, such as finding and isolating case-patients, quarantining close contacts, and enhanced infection control. The independent effectiveness of measures to &quot;increase social distance&quot; and wearing masks in public places requires further evaluation. Limited data exist on the effectiveness of providing health information to travelers. Entry screening of travelers through health declarations or thermal scanning at international borders had little documented effect on detecting SARS cases; exit screening appeared slightly more effective. The value of border screening in deterring travel by ill persons and in building public confidence remains unquantified. Interventions to control global epidemics should be based on expert advice from the World Health Organization and national authorities. In the case of SARS, interventions at a country&#039;s borders should not detract from efforts to identify and isolate infected persons within the country, monitor or quarantine their contacts, and strengthen infection control in healthcare settings.

  220. Frequency of amantadine-resistant influenza A viruses during two seasons featuring cocirculation of H1N1 and H3N2 査読有り

    R Saito, T Sakai, Sato, I, Y Sano, H Oshitani, M Sato, H Suzuki

    JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY 41 (5) 2164-2165 2003年5月

    出版者・発行元:AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY

    DOI: 10.1128/JCM.41.5.2164-2165.2003  

    ISSN:0095-1137

    詳細を見る 詳細を閉じる

    In two influenza seasons during which H1N1 and H3N2 cocirculated, resistance was more frequent in H3N2 strains than in H1N1 strains after amantadine treatment. Predominant amino acid substitutions in M2 protein occurred at position 31 (serine to asparagine) in H3N2 strains and at position 27 (valine to alanine) in H1N1 strains.

  221. Emergence of amantadine-resistant influenza A viruses: Epidemiological study 査読有り

    Hiroshi Suzuki, Reiko Saito, Hiroki Masuda, Hitoshi Oshitani, Mizuho Sato, Isamu Sato

    Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy 9 (3) 195-200 2003年

    出版者・発行元:Springer Japan

    DOI: 10.1007/s10156-003-0262-6  

    ISSN:1341-321X

    詳細を見る 詳細を閉じる

    At present, three licensed antiviral influenza agents are available in Japan: amantadine, zanamivir, and oseltamivir. These antiviral agents can be used for controlling and preventing influenza, but they are not a substitute for vaccination. Amantadine is an antiviral drug with activity against influenza A viruses, but not influenza B viruses. Persons who have influenza A infection and who are treated with amantadine can shed sensitive viruses early in the course of treatment and later shed drug-resistant viruses, especially after 5-7 days of therapy. Such persons can benefit from therapy even when resistant viruses emerge. In screening for amantadine susceptibility, enzyme-linked immunoassays, plaque reduction assays, and TCID50/0.2 ml titration are employed. The molecular changes associated with resistance have been identified as single-nucleotide changes, leading to corresponding amino acid substitutions in one of four critical sites, amino acids 26, 27, 30, and 31, in the transmembrane region of the M2 protein. The polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis method is quite useful. Resistant viruses have been circulated in outbreak situations at nursing homes where amantadine was used not only for treating influenza virus infection but also for Parkinson's disease. Measures should be taken to reduce contact, as much as possible, between persons taking and those not taking antiviral drugs for treatment or chemoprophylaxis.

  222. The effectiveness of influenza vaccine against influenza A (H3N2) virus infections in nursing homes in Niigata, Japan, during the 1998-1999 and 1999-2000 seasons 査読有り

    R Saito, H Suzuki, H Oshitani, T Sakai, N Seki, N Tanabe

    INFECTION CONTROL AND HOSPITAL EPIDEMIOLOGY 23 (2) 82-86 2002年2月

    出版者・発行元:SLACK INC

    DOI: 10.1086/502011  

    ISSN:0899-823X

    詳細を見る 詳細を閉じる

    OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effectiveness of influenza vaccines against influenza-like illness (ILI) among nursing home residents. DESIGN: Prospective, nonrandomized, cohort study. SETTING: Nine nursing homes during the 1998-1999 influenza season and 11 nursing homes during the 1999-2000 influenza season in Niigata Prefecture, Japan. PARTICIPANTS: Six hundred ninety-nine residents and 440 healthcare workers (HCWs) during the first season, and 930 residents and 517 HCWs during the second season, with vaccination rates ranging from 0% to 97.7%. RESULTS: Overall, ILI decreased from 24.3% during the 1998-1999 season to 8.8% during the 1999-2000 season. Multivariate analysis adjusted for several factors, including gender, age, underlying diseases, and resident and HCW vaccination rates, failed to demonstrate clear individual protection of residents (relative risk [RR], 1.42; P = .2 for the first season; RR, 0.95; P = .9 for the second season). However, vaccination rates of 60% or greater for residents and HCWs reduced the risk of ILI, and also could prevent outbreaks during the 2 seasons. Highly impaired activities of daily living and chronic respiratory diseases were significantly associated with increased ILI. CONCLUSIONS: A high vaccination rate for both residents and HCWs may reduce the risk of ILI and institutional outbreaks in nursing homes.

  223. Detection of amantadine-resistant influenza A virus strains in nursing homes by PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis with nasopharyngeal swabs 査読有り

    R Saito, H Oshitani, H Masuda, H Suzuki

    JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY 40 (1) 84-88 2002年1月

    出版者・発行元:AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY

    DOI: 10.1128/JCM.40.1.84-88.2002  

    ISSN:0095-1137

    詳細を見る 詳細を閉じる

    Annual consumption of amantadine increased abruptly after its approval for the treatment of influenza A virus infections in Japan in 1998, and the emergence of amantadine-resistant viruses is now a matter of concern. To detect resistant influenza A virus strains, we have developed a PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) analysis for nasopharyngeal swabs. Three different primer sets for nested PCR were designed to incorporate restriction sites into the amplicon to differentiate single-amino-acid substitutions at positions 27, 30, and 31 that confer resistance in the transmembrane domain of the M2 protein. Each PCR product was digested with respective endonucleases (BspLU11I for amino acid change at position 27, HhaI for position 30, and ScaI for position 31), and the polymorphisms were determined by electrophoresis. Thirty-four (24.1%) of 141 PCR-positive samples had resistance patterns in eight nursing homes in the 1998-1999 season. Thirty-one viruses (91.2%) showed a change at position 31 (serine to asparagine), three viruses (8.8%) showed a change at position 30 (alanine to threonine), and none showed a change at position 27. The incidence of resistant viruses did not show any significant difference between four facilities where amantadine was used mainly for influenza treatment and four other facilities where it was used only for Parkinson's disease, values being 27.6 and 16.3%, respectively. We have confirmed that the PCR-RFLP method is useful for detecting amantadine-resistant strains directly from nasopharyngeal swabs and that resistant viruses were circulating in nursing homes where the drug was used not only for influenza virus but also for Parkinson's disease.

  224. Excess amantadine use and resistant viruses 査読有り

    H Suzuki, R Saito, H Oshitani

    LANCET 358 (9296) 1910-1910 2001年12月

    出版者・発行元:LANCET LTD

    DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(01)06919-7  

    ISSN:0140-6736

  225. Influenza vaccination levels and influenza-like illness in long-term-care facilities for elderly people in Niigata, Japan, during an influenza A (H3N2) epidemic 査読有り

    H Oshitani, R Saito, N Seki, N Tanabe, O Yamazaki, S Hayashi, H Suzuki

    INFECTION CONTROL AND HOSPITAL EPIDEMIOLOGY 21 (11) 728-730 2000年11月

    出版者・発行元:SLACK INC

    DOI: 10.1086/501725  

    ISSN:0899-823X

    詳細を見る 詳細を閉じる

    Surveys on influenza vaccination and illness in longterm-care facilities in Niigata Prefecture during an influenza A (H3N2) epidemic revealed that &gt;20% of facilities had outbreaks and &gt;10% of residents experienced influenza. Outbreaks and number of cases were significantly reduced by vaccination, which should be strongly recommended for institutionalized elderly people.

  226. 新潟県内高齢者施設におけるA型インフルエンザウイルスのアマンタジン耐性株(Ser-31-Asn遺伝子型,genotype)出現頻度 査読有り

    斎藤 玲子, 増田, 寛樹, 押谷, 仁, 鈴木, 宏, 川崎, 聡, 佐藤 博

    感染症学雑誌 74 (8) 646-652 2000年8月

    出版者・発行元:日本感染症学会

    DOI: 10.11150/kansenshogakuzasshi1970.74.646  

    ISSN:0387-5911

  227. Incidence of amantadine-resistant influenza A viruses in sentinel surveillance sites and nursing homes in Niigata, Japan 査読有り

    H Masuda, H Suzuki, H Oshitani, R Saito, S Kawasaki, M Nishikawa, H Satoh

    MICROBIOLOGY AND IMMUNOLOGY 44 (10) 833-839 2000年

    出版者・発行元:CENTER ACADEMIC PUBL JAPAN

    DOI: 10.1111/j.1348-0421.2000.tb02571.x  

    ISSN:0385-5600

    詳細を見る 詳細を閉じる

    We surveyed the incidence of amantadine-resistant influenza A viruses both at sentinel surveillance sites and at nursing homes, and verified their types of change by partial nucleotide sequence analysis of the M2 protein. Fifty-five influenza A viruses from 27 sentinel surveillance sites during six influenza seasons from 1993 to 1999, and 26 influenza A viruses from 5 nursing homes from 1996 to 1999 were examined for susceptibility to the drug by virus titration in the presence or absence of amantadine, While amantadine-resistant viruses were not found in sentinel surveillance sites, a high frequency of resistance (8/26, 30.8%) in nursing homes was observed. Resistant viruses can occur quickly and be transmitted when used in an outbreak situation at nursing homes, where amantadine is used either for neurologic indications or for influenza treatment. Eight resistant viruses had a single amino acid change of the M2 protein at residue 30 or 31, In vitro, all 11 sensitive viruses turned resistant after 3 or 5 passages in the presence of 2 mu g/ml amantadine, and they showed an amino acid change at residue 27, 30, or 31, The predominant amino acid substitution in the M2 protein of resistant viruses is Ser-31-Asp (a change at 31, serine to asparagine), The results indicate that a monitoring system for amantadine-resistant influenza viruses should be established without delay in Japan.

  228. [Antibody induction and frequency of adverse reactions to influenza vaccines in the elderly]. 査読有り

    Murayama, N Saito, R Suzuki, H Oshitani, H Kawasaki, S Nishikawa, M Arakawa, M

    Kansenshogaku Zasshi 74 (1) 30-36 2000年1月

    出版者・発行元:日本感染症学会

    ISSN:0387-5911

  229. 高齢者におけるインフルエンザワクチン接種後の抗体変動と副反応 査読有り

    村山 直也, 斎藤, 玲子, 鈴木, 宏, 押谷, 仁, 川崎, 聡, 西川, 眞, 荒川 正昭

    感染症学雑誌 74 (1) 30-36 2000年1月

    出版者・発行元:日本感染症学会

    DOI: 10.11150/kansenshogakuzasshi1970.74.30  

    ISSN:0387-5911

  230. 新潟県内高齢者施設におけるインフルエンザ流行とワクチン効果

    斎藤 玲子, 押谷 仁, 関 奈緒, 田辺 直仁, 宮西 邦夫, 鈴木 宏, 村山 直也, 川崎 聡, 上村 桂

    日本公衆衛生学会総会抄録集 58回 668-668 1999年10月

    出版者・発行元:日本公衆衛生学会

    ISSN:1347-8060

  231. Replication of clinical measles virus strains in hispid cotton rats 査読有り

    PR Wyde, DK Moore-Poveda, NJ Daley, H Oshitani

    PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY FOR EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 221 (1) 53-62 1999年5月

    出版者・発行元:BLACKWELL SCIENCE INC

    DOI: 10.1046/j.1525-1373.1999.d01-54.x  

    ISSN:0037-9727

    詳細を見る 詳細を閉じる

    An alternative model to nonhuman primates to study measles virus (MV) pathogenesis, to evaluate potential MV vaccines, or to screen for potential antivirals effective against this virus is highly desirable. The laboratory-adapted Edmonston strain of MV has been reported to replicate in the lungs of hispid cotton rats following intranasal inoculation, immunosuppress infected animals, and disseminate widely from the lungs, making these animals a candidate model. However, clinical MV strains have generally not been found to grow in these animals, limiting the utility and acceptance of this model. In the present studies we demonstrate reproducible replication of several clinical MV strains in hispid cotton rats. As with the Edmonston strain, leukocytes appear to be the primary target cells of these viruses following intranasal inoculation, and extrapulmonary dissemination is common. It is also demonstrated that prior MV infection or immunization of test animals with MV vaccine prevents pulmonary tract infection. These findings should make the MV-cotton rat model more acceptable.

  232. Effect of prostaglandin A and tunicamycin on rotavirus assembly 査読有り

    H Suzuki, H Oshitani

    JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES 179 (2) 522-522 1999年2月

    出版者・発行元:UNIV CHICAGO PRESS

    ISSN:0022-1899

  233. Effect of prostaglandin A and tunicamycin on rotavirus assembly 査読有り

    H Suzuki, H Oshitani

    JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES 179 (2) 522-522 1999年2月

    出版者・発行元:UNIV CHICAGO PRESS

    DOI: 10.1086/314611  

    ISSN:0022-1899

  234. PCR-RFLP analysis of cytomegalovirus infections associated with bone marrow transplantation in Japanese children 査読有り

    S Kawasaki, H Oshitani, H Suzuki, M Arakawa, K Mizuta, M Imaizumi, S Tsuchiya, T Konno

    MICROBIOLOGY AND IMMUNOLOGY 43 (4) 359-364 1999年

    出版者・発行元:CENTER ACADEMIC PUBL JAPAN

    DOI: 10.1111/j.1348-0421.1999.tb02416.x  

    ISSN:0385-5600

    詳細を見る 詳細を閉じる

    In order to investigate the longitudinal molecular epidemiology of cytomegalovirus (CMV) infections associated with bone marrow transplantation (BMT) in Japanese children, we analyzed 36 CMV strains from 11 cases. Three regions (DNA polymerase, glycoprotein H, and immediate-early regions) of CMV DNA were amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and amplified products were each digested with two restriction enzymes, followed by electrophoresis, These restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analyses allowed the differentiation of 36 strains into 13 genotypes, Each patient excreted his or her own CMV with distinct genotype over the study period of up to one year CMVs of two different genotypes were recovered during a one-month study from one recipient, who received a peripheral blood stem cell transplantation. Although the majority of patients and donors were CMV-seropositive before BMT, multiple CMV infections might not be common and the reactivation of latently infected CMV might be prominent in Japanese children receiving transplants.

  235. Respiratory syncytial virus infection in children with acute respiratory infections in Zambia 査読有り

    M Saijo, H Terunuma, K Mizuta, EM Mpabalwani, M Monze, H Oshitani, N Luo, H Suzuki, Y Numazaki

    EPIDEMIOLOGY AND INFECTION 121 (2) 397-400 1998年10月

    出版者・発行元:CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS

    DOI: 10.1017/S0950268898001228  

    ISSN:0950-2688

    詳細を見る 詳細を閉じる

    Epidemiological research on respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infections in children was carried out at the Virology Laboratory, University Teaching Hospital (UTH), in Lusaka, Zambia, from January-December 1996. Specimens including 736 nasal washings and 2424 throat swabs were collected from children with acute respiratory infections (ARI) and tested for RSV by enzyme immunoassay and by virus isolation. RSV was isolated in 62 (4.1%) of 1496 throat swabs collected from March to September and was detected in 99 (16.3 %) of 609 nasal washings from March to November. The average RSV isolation rate was 2.6 % and the average RSV detection rate was 13.5 %. The highest RSV isolation (8.1 %) and detection (30.5 %) rates were in June 1996. RSV antibody in the 278 serum specimens collected from Zambian children, who were hospitalized in the paediatric ward, UTH, was detected using a standard neutralization test. The antibody positive rate was 60-80% in children &gt; 4 years. It is evident that RSV is one of the main causal agents of ARI in children in Zambia.

  236. Characterization of VP6 subgroup, VP7 and VP4 genotype of rotavirus strains in Lusaka, Zambia 査読有り

    AD Steele, FC Kasolo, P Bos, Peenze, I, H Oshitani, E Mpabalwani

    ANNALS OF TROPICAL PAEDIATRICS 18 (2) 111-116 1998年6月

    出版者・発行元:CARFAX PUBL CO

    ISSN:0272-4936

    詳細を見る 詳細を閉じる

    In a previous study, rotavirus infection was determined in young children at the University Teaching Hospital in Lusaka. In this study, selected rotavirus strains were characterized by monoclonal antibody assay to the VP6 subgroup antigen present and by hybridization analysis of the VP7 and VP4 genes carried by the virus. The majority of the strains were characterized as a VP6 subgroup II, VP7 serotype G1 strain with a long electropherotype and bearing the VP4 P8 genotype. A further four minor rotavirus strains with a long RNA electropherotype and subgroup II antigen were also observed to be circulating bearing G1 or G4 VP7 genes and the VP4 P8 genotype. Two electrophoretic strains with differing short RNA electropherotypes and subgroup I antigenicity were also present. These strains hybridized to the VP7 type G2 and VP4 P4 genotype probes.

  237. Isolation of measles virus from infants in Lusaka 査読有り

    H Oshitani, ME Mpabalwani, H Suzuki

    LANCET 351 (9113) 1437-1438 1998年5月

    出版者・発行元:LANCET LTD

    DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(05)79486-1  

    ISSN:0140-6736

  238. Characterization of VP6 subgroup, VP7 and VP4 genotype of rotavirus strains in Lusaka, Zambia

    A. D. Steele, A. D. Steele, F. C. Kasolo, P. Bos, I. Peenze, H. Oshitani, E. Mpabalwani

    Annals of Tropical Paediatrics 18 111-116 1998年1月1日

    DOI: 10.1080/02724936.1998.11747936  

    ISSN:0272-4936

    詳細を見る 詳細を閉じる

    In a previous study, rotavirus infection was determined in young children at the University Teaching Hospital in Lusaka. In this study, selected rotavirus strains were characterized by monoclonal antibody assay to the VP6 subgroup antigen present and by hybridization analysis of the VP7 and VP4 genes carried by the virus. The majority of the strains were characterized as a VP6 subgroup II, VP7 serotype G1 strain with a long electropherotype and bearing the VP4 P8 genotype. A further four minor rotavirus strains with a long RNA electropherotype and subgroup II antigen were also observed to be circulating bearing G1 or G4 VP7 genes and the VP4 P8 genotype. Two electrophoretic strains with differing short RNA electropherotypes and subgroup I antigenicity were also present. These strains hybridized to the VP7 type G2 and VP4 P4 genotype probes.

  239. Laboratory diagnosis of acute measles infections in hospitalized children in Zambia 査読有り

    H Oshitani, H Suzuki, M Mpabalwani, K Mizuta, FC Kasolo, NP Luo, Y Numazaki

    TROPICAL MEDICINE & INTERNATIONAL HEALTH 2 (7) 612-616 1997年7月

    出版者・発行元:BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD

    ISSN:1360-2276

    詳細を見る 詳細を閉じる

    Laboratory diagnosis of measles infection is rarely performed in developing countries and tends to depend on clinical symptoms alone. We evaluated detection of immunoglobulin M (IgM) antibodies for confirmation of acute measles infection in Zambia. In 149 hospitalized children with clinical diagnosis of measles, IgM antibodies were detected in 88.6% (132/149). The IgM-positive rate increased with time after onset of skin rash and all samples were positive after 4 days. In addition to IgM antibody test, virus isolations from throat swabs using B95a cells were also performed. These were positive in only 20.9% (14/67), and both IgM and virus isolation in combination increased the positive rate to 92.5% (62/67). Vaccinated children had higher neutralizing (Nt) antibody responses and, among IgM-negative patients, all 4 vaccinated children had high Nt antibodies while all 10 unvaccinated children had negative or low Nt results. The IgM antibody test was proved to be a sensitive method for laboratory confirmation of measles virus infection in developing countries.

  240. Epidemiology of influenza virus infections in children with acute respiratory infections in Zambia 査読有り

    K Mizuta, H Oshitani, M Saijo, EM Mpabalwani, FC Kasolo, NP Luo, H Suzuki, Y Numazaki

    ANNALS OF TROPICAL PAEDIATRICS 17 (2) 115-119 1997年6月

    出版者・発行元:CARFAX PUBL CO

    ISSN:0272-4936

    詳細を見る 詳細を閉じる

    A viral aetiological and epidemiological study of acute respiratory infections (ART) in children was carried out in Lusaka, Zambia between June 1993 and September 1995. A total of 3,760 throat swab specimens were collected for virus isolation from children under 5 years of age who had ART and were attending three health centres in Lusaka. Between June and November 1993, 52 cases of the influenza A/H3N2 viruses were isolated. Between May and July 1994, 34 influenza B cases were isolated. In 1995, one A/H3N2 influenza virus was isolated in January and then the same type of influenza virus was isolated from 55 samples between June and August. The isolation rate of influenza virus was highest at 14.3% (20/139) in August 1993, at 15.1% (18/119) in June 1994 and at 25.4% (43/169) in July 1995. This is the first report of a consecutive study of influenza virus infections in Zambia and the results reveal that influenza virus infections are one of the most important pathogens of ART in children in the cool, dry season (June-August) in this country.

  241. Measles case fatality by sex, vaccination status, and HIV-1 antibody in Zambian children 査読有り

    H Oshitani, H Suzuki, ME Mpabalwani, K Mizuta, Y Numazaki

    LANCET 348 (9024) 415-415 1996年8月

    出版者・発行元:LANCET LTD

    ISSN:0140-6736

  242. Prevalence of hepatitis B antigens in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 seropositive and seronegative pregnant women in Zambia 査読有り

    H. Oshitani, F. C. Kasolo, M. Mpabalwani, K. Mizuta, N. P. Luo, H. Suzuki, Y. Numazaki

    Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 90 (3) 235-236 1996年

    出版者・発行元:Oxford University Press

    DOI: 10.1016/S0035-9203(96)90227-8  

    ISSN:0035-9203

    詳細を見る 詳細を閉じる

    During April-October 1992 in Zambia, 1861 pregnant women attending prenatal clinics in 3 urban health centers in Lusaka and 5 district hospitals in various provinces were recruited to examine the association between HIV infection and hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. 340 (18.3%) tested positive for HIV infection. HIV-positive pregnant women were more likely to test positive for the hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) than were HIV-negative pregnant women, but the difference was not significantly different (7.1% vs. 5.4% p = 0.23). On the other hand, among the HBsAg-positive pregnant women, HIV- infected women were more likely to test positive for hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) than were HIV-negative women (25% vs. 12.3% p 0.05), suggesting more HBV replication in HIV-infected people. Only women younger than 30 tested positive for HBeAg. If HIV does indeed facilitate HBV replication and increases its rate of vertical transmission, the HBV epidemiological pattern in sub-Saharan African could change. Further studies focusing on the epidemiological impact of HIV on HBV infection in sub-Saharan Africa are needed.

  243. Hepatitis B virus infection among pregnant women in Zambia 査読有り

    H Oshitani, F Kasolo, C Tembo, M Mpabalwani, K Mizuta, N Luo, H Suzuki, Y Numazaki

    EAST AFRICAN MEDICAL JOURNAL 72 (12) 813-815 1995年12月

    出版者・発行元:EAST AFRICAN MEDICAL JOURNAL

    ISSN:0012-835X

    詳細を見る 詳細を閉じる

    The prevalence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) markers was studied in pregnant women attending antenatal clinics in Zambia. A total of 2,098 pregnant women were recruited into the study at three urban health centres in Lusaka, the capital city and four district hospitals in rural areas of different provinces of Zambia. The overall prevalence of HBsAg was 6.5% (137/2,098), and HBeAg was present in 16.1% (22/137) of those positive for HBsAg. Antibody positive rate (HBsAb and/or HBcAb) was 51.3% in randomly selected HBsAg negative samples. HBsAg positive rate varied between 3.3% and 13.6% in each study sites. Prevalence for both HBsAg and antibodies to HBV were significantly higher in rural areas (district hospitals) than in urban areas (urban health centres in Lusaka). These data show that although HBV is endemic in Zambia, the prevalence varies from region to region.

  244. LOW-PREVALENCE OF HEPATITIS-C VIRUS-INFECTION IN LUSAKA, ZAMBIA 査読有り

    H OSHITANI, F KASOLO, NP LUO, M MPABALWANI, K MIZUTA, N NUMATA, H SUZUKI, Y NUMAZAMKI

    TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE 89 (4) 380-380 1995年7月

    出版者・発行元:ROYAL SOC TROPICAL MEDICINE

    ISSN:0035-9203

  245. MEASLES INFECTION IN HOSPITALIZED CHILDREN IN LUSAKA, ZAMBIA 査読有り

    H OSHITANI, M MPABALWANI, F KASOLO, K MIZUTA, NP LUO, GJ BHAT, H SUZUKI, Y NUMAZAKI

    ANNALS OF TROPICAL PAEDIATRICS 15 (2) 167-172 1995年6月

    出版者・発行元:CARFAX PUBL CO

    ISSN:0272-4936

    詳細を見る 詳細を閉じる

    A 2-year hospital-based survey of measles infections was carried out at the University Teaching Hospital (UTH) in Lusaka, Zambia from January 1992 to December 1993. During this period, a total of 1066 children with a clinical diagnosis of measles were admitted to the paediatric isolation ward at UTH. Measles cases were seen throughout both 1992 and 1993. However, there was a peak from September to December, 1992. The number of cases decreased with age, and 370 (34.7%) were under 1 year old. It is noteworthy that 203 (19.0%) were less than the 9 months of age which is the recommended time for measles vaccination in Zambia. The overall case fatality rate was 12.6%, and was higher in children aged 0-3 years (14.3%) than in those aged 4 years and above (6.7%). Measles vaccination status could be checked from the child's immunization card for 343 measles cases over 9 months of age, 118 (34.4%) of these having previously received measles vaccine. Vaccinated children had a significantly lower case fatality rate (6.4%) than the unvaccinated group (17.0%). This suggests that while measles vaccine cannot prevent infection, it can reduce the severity of infection.

  246. AN OUTBREAK OF INFLUENZA A/H3N2 IN A ZAMBIAN SCHOOL DORMITORY 査読有り

    K MIZUTA, H OSHITANI, EM MPABALWANI, FC KASOLO, NP LUO, H SUZUKI, Y NUMAZAKI

    EAST AFRICAN MEDICAL JOURNAL 72 (3) 189-190 1995年3月

    出版者・発行元:EAST AFRICAN MEDICAL JOURNAL

    ISSN:0012-835X

    詳細を見る 詳細を閉じる

    There was an outbreak of ''a mysterious disease'' at a Zambian school dormitory in September, 1993. Investigation with questionnaire and collection of throat swab specimens for virus isolation were carried out on 46 patients to identify the causative agent. In this outbreak, most of the patients showed similar symptoms such as fever, headache, sorethroat, cough, etc. The disease had spread to all dormitories within a couple of days after the onset of the first cases. From these patients, 13 influenza viruses A/H3N2 were isolated on MDCK cell line. This was a first ever confirmed outbreak of influenza virus infection in Zambia.

  247. ROTAVIRUS GASTROENTERITIS IN HOSPITALIZED CHILDREN WITH ACUTE DIARRHEA IN ZAMBIA 査読有り

    M MPABALWANI, H OSHITANI, F KASOLO, K MIZUTA, N LUO, N MATSUBAYASHI, G BHAT, H SUZUKI, Y NUMAZAKI

    ANNALS OF TROPICAL PAEDIATRICS 15 (1) 39-43 1995年

    出版者・発行元:CARFAX PUBL CO

    ISSN:0272-4936

    詳細を見る 詳細を閉じる

    The clinical and epidemiological aspects of rotavirus diarrhoea were studied in hospitalized children with acute diarrhoea in Lusaka, Zambia. Two hundred and fifty-six (24.0%) of 1069 children admitted to the study were shedding rotavirus. The rotavirus-positive rate was highest in children less than 1 year of age (37.0%) and it was also high in those less than 6 months old. Rotavirus diarrhoea was seen throughout the year with a higher rotavirus-positive rate in the dry season. In rotavirus-positive diarrhoea patients, more children were dehydrated (82.4%) than in the rotavirus-negative group (56.2%). Rotavirus infection was more common in the children with normal nutritional status (27.6%, 162/588) than in those with malnutrition (19.3%, 93/482). The associated case fatality rate in the rotavirus-positive group was 6.4%, significantly less than in the rotavirus-negative group (OR 0.44, 95% CI 0.24-0.79), and mortality cases were seen only in children less than 2 years old.

  248. ASSOCIATION OF ROTAVIRUS AND HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS INFECTION IN CHILDREN HOSPITALIZED WITH ACUTE DIARRHEA, LUSAKA, ZAMBIA 査読有り

    H OSHITANI, FC KASOLO, M MPABALWANI, NP LUO, N MATSUBAYASHI, GH BHAT, H SUZUKI, Y NUMAZAKI, A ZUMLA, HL DUPONT

    JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES 169 (4) 897-900 1994年4月

    出版者・発行元:UNIV CHICAGO PRESS

    ISSN:0022-1899

    詳細を見る 詳細を閉じる

    In Lusaka, Zambia, rotavirus (RV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection commonly coexist; 132 (25%) of 537 consecutively studied infants &lt;5 years old hospitalized with diarrhea were positive for both viral infections. Infants with RV infection were younger than those who were RV-negative (P &gt; .05), and infants with both viruses more frequently experienced dehydration (P &lt; .05). HIV-infected children more often exhibited respiratory symptoms on admission to the study (P &lt; .0001) and were more frequently underweight (P &lt; .0001) than were HIV-negative children, independent of RV infection. The mortality rate was highest in HIV-positive infants (P &lt; .05), and coinfection with RV did not increase the risk of fatality. This study demonstrates that while RV and HIV infections commonly coexist in one region of Africa, RV infection is no more common nor is the illness more severe in HIV-positive infants.

  249. ANTIVIRAL ACTIVITIES OF RIBAVIRIN, 5-ETHYNYL-1-BETA-D-RIBOFURANOSYLIMIDAZOLE-4-CARBOXAMIDE, AND 6'-(R)-6'-C-METHYLNEPLANOCIN-A AGAINST SEVERAL ORTHOVIRUSES AND PARAMYXOVIRUSES 査読有り

    S SHIGETA, S MORI, M BABA, M ITO, K HONZUMI, K NAKAMURA, H OSHITANI, Y NUMAZAKI, A MATSUDA, T OBARA, S SHUTO, E DECLERCQ

    ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS AND CHEMOTHERAPY 36 (2) 435-439 1992年2月

    出版者・発行元:AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY

    DOI: 10.1128/AAC.36.2.435  

    ISSN:0066-4804

    詳細を見る 詳細を閉じる

    5-Ethynyl-1-beta-D-ribofuranosylimidazole-4-carboxamide (EICAR) and 6'-(R)-6'-C-methylneplanocin A (TJ13025) are two novel antiviral agents which are targeted against IMP dehydrogenase and S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase, respectively. These compounds have been examined for their activities against various strains of orthomyxoviruses (influenza virus) and paramyxoviruses (parainfluenza virus, mumps virus, measles virus, and respiratory syncytial virus) in vitro. EICAR was 10- to 59-fold more active than ribavirin and TJ13025 was 32- to 330-fold more active than ribavirin against parainfluenza virus (types 2 and 3), mumps virus, and measles virus. EICAR was also more active than ribavirin against respiratory syncytial virus and influenza virus, whereas TJ13025 was virtually inactive against these viruses. The 50% virus-inhibitory concentrations of EICAR and TJ13025 were generally within the 0.1- to 1-mu-g/ml range. Although the compounds did not prove cytotoxic to stationary host cells (HeLa, Vero, MDCK, and LLCMK2) at a concentration of 200-mu-g/ml, concentrations of 4 to 13-mu-g/ml inhibited the growth of dividing cells. EICAR and TJ13025 should be further pursued as candidate drugs for the treatment of ortho- and paramyxovirus infections.

︎全件表示 ︎最初の5件までを表示

MISC 209

  1. 当院の新型コロナウイルス変異株の検出状況および感染性リスク評価における発症日とCt値の関連性

    中山麻美, 岡本道子, 馬場啓聡, 金森肇, 押谷仁

    日本感染症学会東日本地方会学術集会・日本化学療法学会東日本支部総会合同学会プログラム・抄録集 71st-69th 2022年

  2. Roles of Public Health Centers and Cluster-Based Approach for COVID-19 Response in Japan

    Tadatsugu Imamura, Tomoya Saito, Hitoshi Oshitani

    Health Security 19 (2) 229-231 2021年4月

    DOI: 10.1089/hs.2020.0159  

    ISSN:2326-5094

    eISSN:2326-5108

  3. 宮城県における東日本大震災被災者の健康状態等に関する調査 被災者健康調査の実施と分析

    辻一郎, 押谷仁, 八重樫伸生, 永富良一, 井樋栄二, 富田博秋, 菅原由美, 萩原嘉廣, 矢部裕, 関口拓矢, 松本和紀, 佐久間篤, 瀬戸萌, 内海裕介, 臼倉瞳

    宮城県における東日本大震災被災者の健康状態等に関する調査 令和元年度 総括・分担研究報告書(Web) 2020年

  4. 宮城県における東日本大震災被災者の健康状態等に関する調査 被災者健康調査の実施と分析

    辻一郎, 遠又靖丈, 菅原由美, 丹治史也, 大塚達以, 松元浩一, 押谷仁, 富田博秋, 松本和紀, 八重樫伸生, 永富良一, 井樋栄二, 萩原嘉廣, 佐々木啓一, 小坂健, 相田潤, 奥山純子, 金村政輝, 粟田主一, 鈴木玲子, 曽根稔雅

    宮城県における東日本大震災被災者の健康状態等に関する調査 平成30年度 総括・分担研究報告書(Web) 2019年

  5. 宮城県における東日本大震災被災者の健康状態等に関する調査 被災者健康調査の実施と分析

    辻一郎, 遠又靖丈, 菅原由美, 丹治史也, 大塚達以, 阿部喜子, 押谷仁, 神垣太郎, 松岡洋夫, 松本和紀, 八重樫伸生, 永富良一, 井樋栄二, 萩原嘉廣, 関口拓矢, 富田博秋, 佐々木啓一, 小坂健, 相田潤, 金村政輝, 粟田主一, 鈴木玲子, 曽根稔雅

    宮城県における東日本大震災被災者の健康状態等に関する調査 平成29年度 総括・分担研究報告書(Web) 2018年

  6. 宮城県における東日本大震災被災者の健康状態等に関する調査 生活環境の推移とその影響に関する検討

    押谷仁, 菅原由美, 辻一郎, 遠又靖丈, 関口拓矢, 丹治史也, 大塚達以

    宮城県における東日本大震災被災者の健康状態等に関する調査 平成29年度 総括・分担研究報告書(Web) 2018年

  7. 【グローバル化・温暖化と感染症対策】 感染対策としてのイベントベース・サーベイランス

    押谷 仁

    小児科臨床 70 (増刊) 2117-2121 2017年12月

    出版者・発行元:(株)日本小児医事出版社

    ISSN:0021-518X

  8. フィリピンの小児呼吸器疾患症例におけるエンテロウイルスD68の疫学的・臨床的解析

    齊藤 麻理子, 小畑, 岡本 道子, 齊藤 繭子, Chaimongkol Natthawan, 玉記 雷太, Lupisan Socorro, 押谷 仁

    グローバルヘルス合同大会プログラム・抄録集 2017 314-314 2017年11月

    出版者・発行元:グローバルヘルス合同大会事務局

  9. 国境を越えるウイルス SARS・MERSなどの新興ウイルス感染症の日本へのリスクとその対応

    押谷 仁

    臨床とウイルス 45 (4) 161-165 2017年10月

    出版者・発行元:日本臨床ウイルス学会

    ISSN:0303-8092

  10. Association of Rotavirus and Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection in Children Hospitalized with Acute Diarrhea, Lusaka, Zambia (vol 169, pg 897, 1994)

    H. Oshitani, F. C. Kasolo, M. Mpabalwani, N. P. Luo, N. Matsubayasbi, G. H. Bhat, H. Suzuki, Y. Numazaki, A. Zumla, H. L. DuPont

    JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES 215 (10) 1629-1629 2017年5月

    出版者・発行元:OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC

    DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jix217  

    ISSN:0022-1899

    eISSN:1537-6613

  11. 【今、蚊を考える-蚊媒介感染症に関する最近の話題】 蚊媒介感染症に関する最近の話題 黄熱

    押谷 仁

    臨床と微生物 44 (3) 257-262 2017年5月

    出版者・発行元:(株)近代出版

    ISSN:0910-7029

    詳細を見る 詳細を閉じる

    黄熱は黄熱ウイルスによる蚊媒介感染症であり、ワクチン開発前には世界的に最も重要な感染症の1つであった。有効なワクチンが広く使われている現在もアフリカ、南米では流行が繰り返し起きている。(著者抄録)

  12. 国境を越えるウイルス SARS・MERSなどの新興ウイルス感染症の日本へのリスクとその対応

    押谷 仁

    臨床とウイルス 45 (2) S12-S12 2017年4月

    出版者・発行元:日本臨床ウイルス学会

    ISSN:0303-8092

  13. 小児におけるライノウイルスの地理的分布および5歳未満の同胞における感染リスク

    佐藤 彩加, 神垣 太郎, 岡本 道子, 玉記 雷太, 押谷 仁

    感染症学雑誌 91 (臨増) 260-260 2017年3月

    出版者・発行元:(一社)日本感染症学会

    ISSN:0387-5911

    eISSN:1884-569X

  14. フィリピンビリラン島でのRespiratory Syncytial Virus(RSV)感染症の感染伝播の疫学

    乙丸 礼乃, 神垣 太郎, 玉記 雷太, 岡本 道子, 押谷 仁

    感染症学雑誌 91 (臨増) 380-380 2017年3月

    出版者・発行元:(一社)日本感染症学会

    ISSN:0387-5911

    eISSN:1884-569X

  15. 【臨床ウイルス分野の海外協力】 新興感染症に対する国際的な流行対応における日本の役割

    押谷 仁

    臨床とウイルス 45 (1) 14-17 2017年3月

    出版者・発行元:日本臨床ウイルス学会

    ISSN:0303-8092

  16. 当科で経験したEV-D68感染症17例の臨床的検討 RSV感染症32例との比較

    目時 嵩也, 岡本 道子, 鈴木 陽, 三浦 舞子, 渡邊 庸平, 野口 里恵, 大沼 良一, 貴田岡 節子, 押谷 仁, 久間木 悟

    日本小児科学会雑誌 121 (2) 317-317 2017年2月

    出版者・発行元:(公社)日本小児科学会

    ISSN:0001-6543

  17. 宮城県における東日本大震災被災者の健康状態等に関する調査 被災者健康調査の実施と分析

    辻一郎, 遠又靖丈, 菅原由美, 渡邉崇, 海法悠, 丹治史也, 大塚達以, 村上綾, 押谷仁, 神垣太郎, 松岡洋夫, 松本和紀, 八重樫伸生, 永富良一, 井樋栄二, 萩原嘉廣, 関口拓矢, 富田博秋, 佐々木啓一, 小坂健, 相田潤, 金村政輝, 粟田主一, 鈴木玲子, 曽根稔雅

    宮城県における東日本大震災被災者の健康状態等に関する調査 平成28年度 総括・分担研究報告書(Web) 9‐14 (WEB ONLY) 2017年

  18. 【国際的に脅威となる感染症】 エンテロウイルスD68(EV-D68)感染症

    押谷 仁

    化学療法の領域 33 (2) 267-273 2017年1月

    出版者・発行元:(株)医薬ジャーナル社

    ISSN:0913-2384

    詳細を見る 詳細を閉じる

    エンテロウイルスD68(EV-D68)は1962年にはじめて分離されたウイルスであるが,その後,非常にまれにしか検出されてこなかったウイルスである。しかし,2000年代後半から,急性呼吸器感染症,特に下気道感染や喘息の急性増悪の症例からEV-D68が検出されるとする報告が世界各地からなされるようになる。2014年には北米で大規模なEV-D68の流行が起き,重症急性呼吸器感染症だけではなく急性弛緩性麻痺と関連している可能性が指摘され,さらに大きな注目を集めるようになる。わが国においても2015年にこれまでよりも規模の大きな流行が起き,この流行期に一致して急性弛緩性麻痺の症例が多く検出された。しかし,EV-D68が急性弛緩性麻痺の直接の原因なのかどうかについてはさらなる検討が必要である。(著者抄録)

  19. 当科で経験したエンテロウイルスD68(EV-D68)感染症17例の臨床的検討 RSウイルス感染症32例との比較

    目時 嵩也, 三浦 舞子, 宮林 広樹, 六郷 由佳, 佐藤 大記, 渡邊 庸平, 野口 里恵, 大沼 良一, 渡邉 浩司, 貴田岡 節子, 久間木 悟, 岡本 道子, 押谷 仁, 大宮 卓, 佐藤 光, 西村 秀一, 鈴木 陽

    日本小児科学会雑誌 121 (1) 123-123 2017年1月

    出版者・発行元:(公社)日本小児科学会

    ISSN:0001-6543

  20. 【進化する感染症】 新興感染症に対する世界の備え

    押谷 仁

    チャイルド ヘルス 19 (12) 878-881 2016年12月

    出版者・発行元:(株)診断と治療社

    ISSN:1344-3151

  21. 【新興・再興感染症-グローバル化に伴う注目すべき感染症-】 グローバリゼーションと新興感染症

    押谷 仁

    日本臨床 74 (12) 1956-1961 2016年12月

    出版者・発行元:(株)日本臨床社

    ISSN:0047-1852

  22. SARI(重症急性呼吸器感染症)サーベイランスの必要性

    押谷 仁

    臨床とウイルス 44 (4) 160-163 2016年10月

    出版者・発行元:日本臨床ウイルス学会

    ISSN:0303-8092

  23. 【エンテロウイルスD68と関連疾患】 エンテロウイルスD68の受容体と抗原性

    古瀬 祐気, 押谷 仁

    臨床とウイルス 44 (3) 79-83 2016年7月

    出版者・発行元:日本臨床ウイルス学会

    ISSN:0303-8092

  24. 【エンテロウイルスD68と関連疾患】 エンテロウイルスD68感染症に関する海外情報

    水田 克巳, 古瀬 祐気, ナタワン・チャイモンコン, 押谷 仁

    臨床とウイルス 44 (3) 112-120 2016年7月

    出版者・発行元:日本臨床ウイルス学会

    ISSN:0303-8092

  25. 感染症法に含まれない感染症のサーベイランス Event-based surveillance(EBS)の意義 sARIサーベイランスの必要性

    押谷 仁

    臨床とウイルス 44 (2) S18-S18 2016年5月

    出版者・発行元:日本臨床ウイルス学会

    ISSN:0303-8092

  26. グローバル社会における感染症 グローバルな新興感染症の脅威

    押谷 仁

    東京女子医科大学雑誌 86 (2) 56-60 2016年4月

    出版者・発行元:東京女子医科大学学会

    ISSN:0040-9022

    詳細を見る 詳細を閉じる

    グローバリゼーションとともに新たな感染症が出現し、さらに出現した感染症が国境を越えて拡散するリスクが増大している。実際に21世紀に入り、相次いでそのような新興感染症の脅威に人類はさらされてきている。その代表的なものとして、SARS(2003年)・高病原性鳥インフルエンザA(H5N1)(2003年〜)・パンデミックインフルエンザA(H1N1)(2009年)・MERS(2002年)・鳥インフルエンザA(H7N9)(2013年)などがある。グローバリゼーションとともに航空網は急速に発展しており世界中のほとんどの場所に72時間以内には到達できるようになっている。これはほとんどの感染症において、潜伏期間内に感染者がその感染症を世界のさまざまな場所に拡散させるリスクがあるということを意味している。日本でもこのような感染症のリスクは確実に存在という前提で感染症危機管理体制を整備する必要がある。このような感染症を含む健康危機管理にあたっては、それぞれのリスクをきちんと評価して対策を考えていくというリスクマネジメントを基本とするというのが国際的な流れになっている。日本においてはこのような考え方が十分に浸透しておらず、リスク評価に基づく対策が実施されていたとは言い難いような側面も多く見られてきている。日本は島国だから大丈夫だというような、根拠のない「安全神話」に頼らず、さまざまなリスクに対応できる体制をそれぞれの地域や政府のレベルで整備していくことが求められている。(著者抄録)

  27. 流入下水監視によるノロウイルス感染症発生動向調査

    風間しのぶ, 三浦尚之, 今田義光, 真砂佳史, 当广謙太郎, 真中太佳史, 相馬奈央, 今川稔文, 鈴木陽, LIU Xiaofang, 斉藤繭子, 中山大典, 押谷仁, 大村達夫

    日本水環境学会年会講演集 50th 471 2016年3月10日

  28. 繰り返される急性呼吸器感染症の危険因子に関する、起因ウイルスに基づく解析(コホート研究)

    古瀬 祐気, 岡本 道子, 押谷 仁

    感染症学雑誌 90 (臨増) 265-265 2016年3月

    出版者・発行元:(一社)日本感染症学会

    ISSN:0387-5911

  29. 仙台市における2015年9月から10月のエンテロウイルスD68を含む呼吸器ウイルスの流行

    岡本 道子, 大宮 卓, 佐藤 光, 伊藤 洋子, 西村 秀一, 押谷 仁, 久間木 悟, 貴田岡 節子

    感染症学雑誌 90 (臨増) 266-266 2016年3月

    出版者・発行元:(一社)日本感染症学会

    ISSN:0387-5911

  30. 宮城県における東日本大震災被災者の健康状態等に関する調査 生活環境の推移とその影響に関する検討

    押谷仁, 丹治史也, 辻一郎, 遠又靖丈, 菅原由美, 渡邉崇, 杉山賢明, 本藏賢治, 海法悠, 神垣太郎, 三村敬司

    宮城県における東日本大震災被災者の健康状態等に関する調査 平成27年度 総括・分担研究報告書 14‐26 2016年

  31. 宮城県における東日本大震災被災者の健康状態等に関する調査 被災者健康調査の実施

    辻一郎, 遠又靖丈, 菅原由美, 渡邉崇, 杉山賢明, 本藏賢治, 海法悠, 丹治史也, 大塚達以, 村上綾, 押谷仁, 神垣太郎, 三村敬司, 松岡洋夫, 松本和紀, 八重樫伸生, 永富良一, 井樋栄二, 萩原嘉廣, 関口拓矢, 富田博秋, 南優子, 佐々木啓一, 小坂健, 相田潤, 金村政輝, 粟田主一, 鈴木玲子, 曽根稔雅

    宮城県における東日本大震災被災者の健康状態等に関する調査 平成27年度 総括・分担研究報告書 9‐13 2016年

  32. 【インフルエンザとその対策】 鳥インフルエンザの動向

    古瀬 祐気, 押谷 仁

    日本胸部臨床 74 (12) 1352-1357 2015年12月

    出版者・発行元:克誠堂出版(株)

    ISSN:0385-3667

    詳細を見る 詳細を閉じる

    鳥インフルエンザウイルスにヒトが曝露され感染すると、通常のインフルエンザと同様に呼吸器症状を伴った熱性疾患を引き起こす。通常の(ヒトの)インフルエンザに比べ、重症化し死に至ることも多い。特に、H5N1高病原性鳥インフルエンザやH7N9鳥インフルエンザのヒトへの感染はアジアから多く報告されており、今後本邦においても発生する可能性がある。鳥インフルエンザの感染がヒトからヒトへと伝播する効率は現在のところ高くないものの、変異によりヒトへの適応が高まった場合にはパンデミックへとつながる可能性もある。臨床的な観点からも公衆衛生的な観点からも、積極的な診断(報告)・治療が重要である。(著者抄録)

  33. 新型インフルエンザと危機管理

    押谷 仁

    日本臨床微生物学雑誌 26 (Suppl.) 95-95 2015年12月

    出版者・発行元:(一社)日本臨床微生物学会

    ISSN:0917-5059

  34. 中東呼吸器症候群(MERS) (特集 ウイルス感染症との新たな戦い : グローバル化する脅威の克服を目指して)

    押谷 仁

    医薬ジャーナル 51 (11) 87-90 2015年11月

    出版者・発行元:医薬ジャーナル社

    ISSN:0287-4741

  35. 【ウイルス感染症との新たな戦い〜グローバル化する脅威の克服を目指して〜】 中東呼吸器症候群(MERS)

    押谷 仁

    医薬ジャーナル 51 (11) 2575-2578 2015年11月

    出版者・発行元:(株)医薬ジャーナル社

    ISSN:0287-4741

    詳細を見る 詳細を閉じる

    中東呼吸器症候群(Middle East Respiratory Syndrome)は、2012年にサウジアラビアで最初に確認された新興感染症である。これまでに中東地域を中心に1,400例を超える感染者と、500例を超える死亡者が報告されている。2015年には韓国でも院内感染をきっかけとする流行が確認されている。コウモリが自然宿主の可能性が高く、コウモリからヒトコブラクダなどを介してヒトに感染していると考えられているが、ヒトへの感染経路はまだよく分かっていない。中東地域でのヒトでの感染は継続的に報告されており、日本に波及するリスクも存在する。このような感染症が日本に波及した場合の対応も、十分に考えておく必要がある。(著者抄録)

  36. 我が国の健康危機管理におけるEBSの効果的な研修のあり方―研修前後アンケート調査

    金成由美子, 中島一敏, 中島一敏, 中島一敏, 中島一敏, 吉田眞紀子, 吉田眞紀子, 砂川富正, 八幡裕一郎, 鈴木智之, 谷口清州, 緒方剛, 金谷泰宏, 齋藤智也, 角野文彦, 押谷仁, 神垣太郎, 加來浩器

    日本公衆衛生学会総会抄録集 74th 462-462 2015年10月15日

    出版者・発行元:日本公衆衛生学会

    ISSN:1347-8060

  37. THE PREVALENCE AND GENETIC DIVERSITY OF SAPOVIRUS IN A NESTED CASE-CONTROL STUDY OF A PERUVIAN PERI-URBAN COMMUNITY

    Xiaofang Liu, Holger Mayta, Robert H. Gilman, Michiko Okamoto, Lilia Cabrera, Jean E. Crabtree, Vitaliano Cama, Mayuko Saito, Hitoshi Oshitani

    AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE 93 (4) 443-443 2015年10月

    出版者・発行元:AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE

    ISSN:0002-9637

    eISSN:1476-1645

  38. 沖縄における夏季のインフルエンザ流行とその理由

    押谷 仁

    日本医事新報 (4764) 63-64 2015年8月

    出版者・発行元:(株)日本医事新報社

    ISSN:0385-9215

  39. グローバル社会における感染症 グローバルな新興感染症の脅威

    押谷 仁

    東京女子医科大学雑誌 85 (4) 144-144 2015年8月

    出版者・発行元:東京女子医科大学学会

    ISSN:0040-9022

  40. Global reemergence of enterovirus D68 as an important pathogen for acute respiratory infections (vol 25, pg 102, 2015)

    Tadatsugu Imamura, Hitoshi Oshitani

    REVIEWS IN MEDICAL VIROLOGY 25 (4) 268-268 2015年7月

    出版者・発行元:WILEY-BLACKWELL

    DOI: 10.1002/rmv.1844  

    ISSN:1052-9276

    eISSN:1099-1654

  41. 海外勤務と健康管理 グローバリゼーションと感染症リスク

    押谷 仁

    交通医学 69 (3-4) 62-63 2015年7月

    出版者・発行元:日本交通医学会

    ISSN:0022-5274

  42. 【感染症最前線とグローバル・ヘルス】 いま注目のウイルス感染症 世界規模で再興するエンテロウイルス68

    今村 忠嗣, 押谷 仁

    医学のあゆみ 253 (1) 81-88 2015年4月

    出版者・発行元:医歯薬出版(株)

    ISSN:0039-2359

    詳細を見る 詳細を閉じる

    エンテロウイルス68(EV68)は近年までまれにしか検出されてこなかったが、2000年代後半以降、世界各国で検出数が急増した。EV68検出はもっぱら急性呼吸器感染症の患者から報告されており、その重症度は軽症な上気道感染症から重症な下気道感染症までさまざまであった。EV68感染が、重症な下気道疾患の発症により関与が深いとする研究結果が複数報告されたが、重症例の発症率に関しては慎重な評価が必要であると考えられる。また近年、EV68による呼吸器感染後に中枢神経疾患を発症する場合があることが報告されており、中枢神経疾患の発症率についても調査が必要である。EV68のウイルス学的性質に関しては酸抵抗性・受容体結合性・抗原性など近年解析が進んだが、感染時の免疫応答や下気道疾患・中枢神経疾患の発症機序などいまだ明らかとなっていない点も多い。今後、EV68による呼吸器感染の動物モデルが確立され、その病原性についてさらなる解析が進展することが望まれる。(著者抄録)

  43. 【「感染症研究国際ネットワーク推進プログラム(J-GRID)」10年のあゆみ】 「国境なき感染症に備える知のネットワーク(J-GRID)」の10年を振り返る

    光山 正雄, 平山 謙二, 押谷 仁, 永井 美之

    最新医学 70 (4) 677-692 2015年4月

    出版者・発行元:(株)最新医学社

    ISSN:0370-8241

  44. 海外勤務と健康管理 グローバリゼーションと感染症のリスク

    押谷 仁

    交通医学 69 (1-2) 1-1 2015年3月

    出版者・発行元:日本交通医学会

    ISSN:0022-5274

  45. 【せまりくる鳥インフルエンザの脅威】 鳥インフルエンザへの対応

    押谷 仁

    臨牀と研究 91 (12) 1551-1553 2014年12月

    出版者・発行元:大道学館出版部

    ISSN:0021-4965

  46. フィリピン共和国タクロバン市において下痢症患者および河川水中から検出されたロタウイルスの遺伝子型解析

    今川稔文, 山本大, 齋藤繭子, GAYLON Ruel, 齋藤麻理子, 真砂佳史, ANGULO Rhodora, HIJADA Jonathan R, MERCADO Edelwisa S, LUPISAN Socorro P, 押谷仁

    日本ウイルス学会学術集会プログラム・抄録集 62nd 269 2014年10月31日

  47. Research activities and responding to typhoon Haiyan (Yolanda): Tohoku-RITM collaborating research center in the Philippines

    Mariko Saito, Mayuko Saito, Tadatsugu Imamura, Taro Kamigaki, Socorro P. Lupisan, Hitoshi Oshitani

    Journal of Disaster Research 9 (5) 823-827 2014年10月1日

    出版者・発行元:Fuji Technology Press

    DOI: 10.20965/jdr.2014.p0823  

    ISSN:1881-2473

    詳細を見る 詳細を閉じる

    © 2014, Journal of Disaster Research. All rights reserved. In the six years since the Tohoku-RITM Collaborating Research Center was established, the center has been working on major infectious diseases in the Philippines and conducting molecular and epidemiological studies from a public health perspective. Its target diseases include pneumonia, diarrhea, and rabies, which are a major public health problem in the Philippines. Some studies have also been conducted on emerging and re-emerging infections significantly impacting both on the Philippines and on other countries. In November 2013, typhoon Haiyan (Yolanda) hit the Visayas, where one of our research areas is located. The center responded immediately and helped assess and diagnose infectious diseases, based on our experience of Great East Japan Earthquake in 2011.

  48. 次世代シーケンサーを用いた下水モニタリングと感染性胃腸炎サーベイランスによるノロウイルス流行状況の比較

    風間しのぶ, 真砂佳史, 当广謙太郎, 相馬奈央, 今川稔文, 鈴木陽, LIU Xiaofang, 斉藤繭子, 押谷仁, 大村達夫

    日本水環境学会シンポジウム講演集 17th 223-224 2014年9月8日

  49. ノロウイルスGI,GII群を対象とした定量PCR法の比較

    真砂佳史, 風間しのぶ, 今川稔文, 当广謙太郎, 斉藤繭子, 鈴木陽, 押谷仁, 大村達夫

    日本水環境学会シンポジウム講演集 17th 225-226 2014年9月8日

  50. 【インフルエンザUpdate】 世界と日本のインフルエンザ対策

    押谷 仁

    小児科臨床 67 (9) 1471-1475 2014年9月

    出版者・発行元:(株)日本小児医事出版社

    ISSN:0021-518X

  51. 【感染症研究国際ネットワーク研究の現状】海外拠点におけるウイルス感染症研究 フィリピン共和国拠点

    押谷 仁, 齊藤 麻理子, 神垣 太郎, 岡本 道子, 玉記 雷太, 斉藤 繭子

    化学療法の領域 30 (6) 1266-1273 2014年5月

    出版者・発行元:(株)医薬ジャーナル社

    ISSN:0913-2384

    詳細を見る 詳細を閉じる

    東北大学大学院医学系研究科は感染症研究国際ネットワーク推進プログラム(J-GRID)による感染症研究の拠点をフィリピン熱帯医学研究所(Research Institute for Tropical Medicine:RITM)に2008年より設置している。フィリピンの拠点では公衆衛生学的見地から、フィリピンにおいて重要な感染症を対象とし、感染症対策に貢献できるような研究を目指すことを基本方針としている。このため、研究プロジェクトの多くはフィリピン各地のフィールドでの研究となっている。これまでフィリピン拠点では、小児重症急性呼吸器感染症に関する研究、インフルエンザの疾病負荷に関する研究、狂犬病の分子疫学研究、小児下痢症の研究、デングなどの蚊媒介性感染症に関する研究などを行ってきている。(著者抄録)

  52. 新たな呼吸器ウイルスの出現とリスクアセスメント 鳥インフルエンザH7N9とMERS

    押谷 仁

    日本化学療法学会雑誌 62 (3) 385-386 2014年5月

    出版者・発行元:(公社)日本化学療法学会

    ISSN:1340-7007

  53. 今後の鳥インフルエンザとパンデミックへの対応 今後のパンデミック対策とリスクアセスメント

    押谷 仁

    日本化学療法学会雑誌 62 (Suppl.A) 157-157 2014年5月

    出版者・発行元:(公社)日本化学療法学会

    ISSN:1340-7007

  54. 学校における感染対応 インフルエンザ対策における学校の役割 秋田県医師会感染症等危機管理委員会アドバイザー

    押谷 仁

    沖縄県医師会報 50 (2) 125-125 2014年2月

    出版者・発行元:(一社)沖縄県医師会

    ISSN:0917-1428

  55. 宮城県における東日本大震災被災者の健康状態等に関する調査 被災者健康調査の実施概要

    辻一郎, 菅原由美, 遠又靖丈, 柿崎真沙子, 福地成, 周婉てい, 渡邉崇, 杉山賢明, 本蔵賢治, 海法悠, 小暮真奈, 伊藤久美子, 押谷仁, 神垣太郎, 三村敬司, 松岡洋夫, 松本和紀, 富田博秋, 八重樫伸生, 永富良一, 須藤彰子, 井樋栄二, 萩原嘉廣, 南優子, 佐々木啓一, 小坂健, 相田潤, 金村政輝, 粟田主一, 鈴木玲子

    宮城県における東日本大震災被災者の健康状態等に関する調査 平成25年度総括研究年度終了報告書 11-18 2014年

  56. 宮城県における東日本大震災被災者の健康状態等に関する調査 生活環境の推移とその影響に関する検討

    押谷仁, 辻一郎, 遠又靖丈, 菅原由美, 柿崎真沙子, 周婉てい, 渡邉崇, 杉山賢明, 本蔵賢治, 小暮真奈, 神垣太郎, 三村敬司

    宮城県における東日本大震災被災者の健康状態等に関する調査 平成25年度総括研究年度終了報告書 19-31 2014年

  57. 中部ベトナムにおけるRSV‐A ON1遺伝子型の発生と小児呼吸器疾患の重症化の関連性

    吉原圭亮, MHLH Le Nhat, 樋泉道子, 岡本道子, 押谷仁, 鈴木基, 森内浩幸, 橋爪真弘, ANH Dang Duc, 有吉紅也, 吉田レイミント

    日本小児感染症学会総会・学術集会プログラム・抄録集 46th 258 2014年

  58. 【インフルエンザに立ち向かう】 パンデミックインフルエンザ

    押谷 仁

    Mebio 30 (12) 16-20 2013年12月

    出版者・発行元:(株)メジカルビュー社

    ISSN:0910-0474

  59. 【2013年 感染症の流行と新展開】 感染症トピックス ウイルス 鳥インフルエンザと新型インフルエンザ

    押谷 仁

    Medical Technology 41 (12) 1278-1281 2013年12月

    出版者・発行元:医歯薬出版(株)

    ISSN:0389-1887

  60. 【グローバル化する感染症の最新情報】 グローバル化する感染症の脅威にどう立ち向かうべきか

    押谷 仁

    臨牀と研究 90 (12) 1657-1661 2013年12月

    出版者・発行元:大道学館出版部

    ISSN:0021-4965

  61. "新型インフルエンザ等"の法的規制を考える 公衆衛生の立場から考える新型インフルエンザ対策

    押谷 仁

    感染症道場 2 (4) 53-56 2013年10月

    出版者・発行元:(株)メディカルレビュー社

    ISSN:2186-8034

  62. 感染症対策に資する社会接触パターンに関する調査解析

    神垣 太郎, 押谷 仁

    日本公衆衛生学会総会抄録集 72回 199-199 2013年10月

    出版者・発行元:日本公衆衛生学会

    ISSN:1347-8060

  63. 【大規模災害に備えた公衆衛生対策のあり方】 大規模災害において想定される保健医療福祉の課題 感染症の観点から

    押谷 仁, 神垣 太郎

    保健医療科学 62 (4) 364-373 2013年8月

    出版者・発行元:国立保健医療科学院

    ISSN:1347-6459

    詳細を見る 詳細を閉じる

    大規模災害後には被災地の衛生状態の悪化や避難所の過密状態など環境要因が変化することにより、感染症の流行が起きるリスクが高まる。通常、大規模災害発生後1週間目程度から感染症流行への懸念が強調されることが多い。しかし、実際に大きな被害をもたらすような感染症の流行が起きることはむしろまれである。したがって感染症発生のリスクを適切に評価し、感染症対策を実施していくことが必要となる。また、感染症の流行を早期に検知し、適切な対応をすることが被害の拡大を抑制するために必要となる。早期検知には効果的なサーベイランスシステムが機能していることが条件となるが、災害後の困難な環境の中でサーベイランスシステムを構築することは容易ではない。通常、このような場合には症候群サーベイランスが行われるが、症候群サーベイランスには利点だけではなく問題点もあり、大規模災害後に構築すべき最適なサーベイランスについては、今後の検討が必要である。2011年3月に発生した、東日本大震災後にも感染症の流行が懸念されていた。大きな健康被害をもたらすような流行は幸いなかったが、インフルエンザやノロウイルスなどの流行はいくつかの避難所でも見られていた。東日本大震災の際にも症候群サーベイランスを基本としたサーベイランスが行われたが、その実施は遅れ、最も感染症発生リスクの高いと考えられた3月11日の震災直後から3月下旬までは系統的なサーベイランスは実施されていなかった。症候群サーベイランスだけに頼るのではなく、医療チームなどさまざまな情報源から感染症に関する情報を系統的に整理できるようなイベントベースサーベイランスの有効活用も考えるべきであったと考えられる。さらに、感染症だけはなく公衆衛生全体の対応をする有効なシステムが東日本大震災以前には日本において確立していなかった。大規模災害は今後も起こることが想定されており、そのような感染症を含めた公衆衛生対応のシステムを早急に確立することが求められている。(著者抄録)

  64. 315 ウイルス不活化に向けた低温プラズマ流の特性(大気環境保全・改善技術(2))

    工藤 雄治, 岡本 道子, 佐藤 岳彦, 吉野 大輔, 鈴木 陽, 押谷 仁

    環境工学総合シンポジウム講演論文集 2013 (23) 220-221 2013年7月9日

    出版者・発行元:一般社団法人日本機械学会

    詳細を見る 詳細を閉じる

    In recent years, pandemic outbreak due to a mutation of virus is paid close attention as a big problem that may collapse social order. Generally, the methods for preventing and healing disease by the virus depend on medical agents s uch as the vaccine or antiviral drug. However, the vaccine and antiviral drug could be poorly supplied when the pandemic occurred. Plasma has been proven to be capable of sterilizing bacteria and expected to inactivate the virus. In this study, we focused on the effect of chemical species generated by plasma flow on influenza viruses.

  65. コロナウイルスと重症急性呼吸器感染症 SARS出現から10年、そして新型コロナウイルスの出現と今後の課題

    押谷 仁

    小児感染免疫 25 (2) 185-188 2013年7月

    出版者・発行元:日本小児感染症学会

    ISSN:0917-4931

    詳細を見る 詳細を閉じる

    2003年に世界的な流行を引き起こしたSARS(severe acute respiratory syndrome)は、それまで全く知られていなかったコロナウイルスによって起きた新興感染症であった。その出現からほぼ10年が経過した2012年9月に、新たなコロナウイルスによる重症急性呼吸器感染症の患者が確認された。いずれも中東で感染した可能性があるが、感染源は特定されていない。SARS出現から10年が経ち、新興感染症に対する危機感が薄れているが、感染症に対する危機管理体制をもう一度見直す必要がある。(著者抄録)

  66. 【東日本大震災、巨大津波、原発事故がわれわれに遺した課題】 東日本大震災後の感染症への対応 何が機能し何が機能しなかったのか

    押谷 仁, 三村 敬司, 神垣 太郎

    臨床とウイルス 41 (3) 148-155 2013年7月

    出版者・発行元:日本臨床ウイルス学会

    ISSN:0303-8092

  67. 【海外拠点におけるウイルス感染症研究】フィリピンにおける東北大学のウイルス研究の取り組み

    押谷 仁, 齊藤 麻理子, 岡本 道子, 玉記 雷太, 神垣 太郎, 鈴木 陽

    ウイルス 63 (1) 45-50 2013年6月

    出版者・発行元:日本ウイルス学会

    ISSN:0042-6857

    eISSN:1884-3433

    詳細を見る 詳細を閉じる

    東北大学医学系研究科は、感染症研究国際ネットワーク推進プログラム(J-GRID)による感染症研究の拠点を、フィリピン・熱帯医学研究所(Research Institute for Tropical Medicine:RITM)に2008年より設置している。フィリピンの拠点では公衆衛生学的見地からフィリピンにおいて重要な感染症を対象とし、感染症対策に貢献できるような研究を目指すことを基本方針としている。このため研究プロジェクトの多くはフィリピン各地でのフィールドでの研究となっている。これまでに主に取り組んできた研究プロジェクトとしては、小児重症急性呼吸器感染症に関する研究、インフルエンザの疾病負荷に関する研究、狂犬病の分子疫学、小児下痢症患者でのウイルス検索などがある。このうちレイテ島での小児重症呼吸器感染症に関する研究では、重症肺炎で入院した小児のウイルスを中心とした病因の検討を行ってきている。この間、Enerovirus 68が小児重症急性呼吸器感染症の重要な原因であることを見いだした他、Respiratory Syncytial Virus(RSV)の分子疫学的解析、Human Rhinovirus(HRV)の病態の検討などを行ってきた。これらの研究の結果を基盤として、地球規模課題対応国際科学技術協力(SATREPS)での小児肺炎に関する包括的研究をフィリピンにおいて2010年より行っている。(著者抄録)

  68. 新型インフルエンザに立ち向かう

    押谷 仁

    東京内科医会会誌 28 (3) 224-227 2013年4月

    出版者・発行元:(一社)東京内科医会

    ISSN:0914-9503

  69. 新型インフルエンザへの対応

    押谷 仁

    日本環境感染学会誌 28 (Suppl.) 123-123 2013年2月

    出版者・発行元:(一社)日本環境感染学会

    ISSN:1882-532X

  70. 宮城県における東日本大震災被災者の健康状態等に関する調査 被災地高齢者の生活機能の推移:石巻市雄勝地区・牡鹿地区の実態

    辻一郎, 遠又靖丈, 中原篤史, 佐藤紀子, 柿崎真沙子, 高橋英子, 曽根稔雅, 福地成, 松尾兼幸, 周婉てい, 渡邉崇, 杉山賢明, 本蔵賢治, 小暮真奈, 押谷仁, 平野かよ子, 松岡洋夫, 八重樫伸生, 永富良一, 井樋栄二, 南優子, 佐々木啓一, 小坂健, 粟田主一

    宮城県における東日本大震災被災者の健康状態等に関する調査 平成24年度総括・分担研究報告書 96-102 2013年

  71. 宮城県における東日本大震災被災者の健康状態等に関する調査 被災者の生活習慣の変化とその影響に関する検討

    平野かよ子, 菅原由美, 辻一郎, 中原篤史, 佐藤紀子, 柿崎真沙子, 高橋英子, 曽根稔雅, 福地成, 遠又靖丈, 松尾兼幸, 周婉てい, 渡邉崇, 杉山賢明, 本蔵賢治, 小暮真奈, 押谷仁, 八重樫伸生, 永富良一, 井樋栄二, 南優子, 佐々木啓一, 小坂健

    宮城県における東日本大震災被災者の健康状態等に関する調査 平成24年度総括・分担研究報告書 32-38 2013年

  72. 宮城県における東日本大震災被災者の健康状態等に関する調査 被災者健康調査の実施概要

    辻一郎, 中原篤史, 佐藤紀子, 柿崎真沙子, 高橋英子, 曽根稔雅, 福地成, 遠又靖丈, 菅原由美, 松尾兼幸, 周婉てい, 渡邉崇, 杉山賢明, 本蔵賢治, 小暮真奈, 押谷仁, 平野かよ子, 神垣太郎, 三村敬司, 松岡洋夫, 八重樫伸生, 永富良一, 井樋栄二, 南優子, 佐々木啓一, 小坂健, 富田博秋, 松本和紀, 金村政輝, 相田潤, 粟田主一

    宮城県における東日本大震災被災者の健康状態等に関する調査 平成24年度総括・分担研究報告書 13-22 2013年

  73. 宮城県における東日本大震災被災者の健康状態等に関する調査 生活環境の推移とその影響に関する検討

    押谷仁, 辻一郎, 神垣太郎, 三村敬司, 中原篤史, 佐藤紀子, 柿崎真沙子, 高橋英子, 曽根稔雅, 福地成, 遠又靖丈, 菅原由美, 松尾兼幸, 周婉てい, 渡邉崇, 杉山賢明, 本蔵賢治, 小暮真奈, 平野かよ子, 松岡洋夫, 八重樫伸生, 永富良一, 井樋栄二, 南優子, 佐々木啓一, 小坂健

    宮城県における東日本大震災被災者の健康状態等に関する調査 平成24年度総括・分担研究報告書 23-31 2013年

  74. 宮城県における東日本大震災被災者の健康状態等に関する調査 東日本大震災被災者のメンタルヘルスの推移

    松岡洋夫, 柿崎真沙子, 辻一郎, 中原篤史, 佐藤紀子, 高橋英子, 曽根稔雅, 福地成, 遠又靖丈, 菅原由美, 松尾兼幸, 周婉てい, 渡邉崇, 杉山賢明, 本蔵賢治, 小暮真奈, 押谷仁, 平野かよ子, 八重樫伸生, 永富良一, 井樋栄二, 南優子, 佐々木啓一, 小坂健, 富田博秋, 松本和紀, 粟田主一

    宮城県における東日本大震災被災者の健康状態等に関する調査 平成24年度総括・分担研究報告書 39-47 2013年

  75. 世界的にみたインフルエンザの動向 : 鳥インフルエンザを含めて (特集 インフルエンザをめぐる最近の進歩)

    押谷 仁

    呼吸器内科 22 (6) 485-489 2012年12月

    出版者・発行元:科学評論社

    ISSN:1884-2887

  76. 【震災医療-来るべき日への医療者としての対応】 《その他》避難所における公衆衛生対応

    押谷 仁

    内科 110 (6) 1107-1111 2012年12月

    出版者・発行元:(株)南江堂

    ISSN:0022-1961

    詳細を見る 詳細を閉じる

    <ポイント>・東日本大震災では多くの被災者が長期にわたる避難所生活をせざるをえなかった。・水道などのライフラインも確保できず衛生状態が悪化する避難所も多くみられた。さらに多くの被災者が狭い空間で生活をすることから感染症などが発生するリスクが増大していた。このような避難所ではリスクアセスメントを行い、適切な公衆衛生対応をすることが求められる。・また、感染症だけではなく広く公衆衛生全体のニーズを把握するためのrapid assessment(迅速な評価)も被災地全体で行われるべきであった。・東日本大震災を教訓として迅速かつ系統的な公衆衛生対応ができる体制を構築する必要がある。(著者抄録)

  77. 【新型インフルエンザは再びおこるか】 我が国の新型インフルエンザ対策

    押谷 仁

    臨牀と研究 89 (12) 1683-1686 2012年12月

    出版者・発行元:大道学館出版部

    ISSN:0021-4965

  78. 新興呼吸器感染症としてのエンテロウイルス68

    押谷 仁, 今村 忠嗣

    感染症 42 (5) 189,180-194,180 2012年9月

    出版者・発行元:アステラス製薬(株)

    ISSN:0301-259X

    詳細を見る 詳細を閉じる

    エンテロウイルス68(EV68)は、他のエンテロウイルスと異なり酸抵抗性がないなど、ライノウイルスと違う特性を持ったウイルスであり、ライノウイルスと同様に、これまで呼吸器からのみ検出されており、腸管ウイルスではなく呼吸器ウイルスであると考えられている。EV68は1962年に初めて分離されたウイルスであるが、それ以降きわめてまれにしか検出されてこなかった。ところが2008年以降、世界各地からEV68の検出例の報告が相次いでなされている。われわれもフィリピンにおいて2008年から2009年にかけて、死亡例2例を含む21例からこのウイルスを検出している。2008年以降の報告例のうち、重症の急性呼吸器感染症の患者からの報告も多く、新たな重症急性呼吸器感染症の原因ウイルスとして注目されている。(著者抄録)

  79. 【国際感染症対策の現状と課題】 新興感染症の研究および対策の現状と課題 世界と日本

    押谷 仁

    公衆衛生 76 (8) 601-604 2012年8月

    出版者・発行元:(株)医学書院

    ISSN:0368-5187

  80. 307 プラズマ照射によるMDCK細胞の不活性化(大気環境保全・改善技術(2))

    工藤 雄治, 鈴木 陽, 佐藤 岳彦, 押谷 仁

    環境工学総合シンポジウム講演論文集 2012 (22) 205-206 2012年7月3日

    出版者・発行元:一般社団法人日本機械学会

    詳細を見る 詳細を閉じる

    Influenza pandemic is one of the biggest threats to not only human being but also other living beings, such as birds and cows. Air cleaners using plasma have been commercialized and expec ted to prevent infection of virus, although their effect has not been verified yet. Plasma has been proven to be capable of sterilizing pathogenic bacteria with low temperature, low cost and safely, but the effect of plasma on virus inactivation has not been known yet because the authorized verification protcol for plasma inactivation method has not been established. At present, a method to transmit the virus to cells is used as an inspection method. To apply this inspection method to the verification protocol, it is necessary to examine the influence of the plasma on cell viability.In this study, we focused on how the chemical species generated by a plasma flow have effects on viability of MDCK cells, which will be used as a host cell.

  81. 東北大学地域保健支援センター活動報告

    中原 篤史, 佐藤 眞理, 佐藤 紀子, 渡邉 崇, 柿崎 真沙子, 遠又 靖丈, 高橋 英子, 菅原 由美, 曽根 稔雅, 周 婉てい, 小坂 健, 福地 成, 松岡 洋夫, 永富 良一, 八重樫 伸生, 南 優子, 平野 かよ子, 押谷 仁, 辻 一郎

    東北公衆衛生学会誌 (61) 48-48 2012年7月

    出版者・発行元:東北公衆衛生学会

    ISSN:0915-549X

  82. 【クローズアップ感染症】 <小児感染症領域における国際貢献>感染症コントロールの国際舞台で働くために

    押谷 仁

    小児内科 44 (7) 1190-1194 2012年7月

    出版者・発行元:(株)東京医学社

    ISSN:0385-6305

    詳細を見る 詳細を閉じる

    <Key Points>(1)グローバル化した感染症の脅威に立ち向かうためには国際社会の協力が必要である。(2)途上国では多くの子どもたちが肺炎などの感染症で死亡している。(3)日本から感染症コントロールの国際舞台で活躍する人たちがもっと出てくるべきである。(4)感染症コントロールの国際舞台で働くためには、公衆衛生・疫学などの基礎知識は必須である。(著者抄録)

  83. Characterization of Coxsackievirus A20 as the donor strain at the nonstructural region of the recombinant type 1 circulating vaccine-derived polioviruses in the Philippines

    L. N. Apostol, H. Shimizu, A. Naeem, A. Suzuki, S. Lupisan, M. Saito, R. Olveda, H. Oshitani

    INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES 16 E68-E68 2012年6月

    出版者・発行元:ELSEVIER SCI LTD

    DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2012.05.168  

    ISSN:1201-9712

  84. 東日本大地震後の感染症対応について 東日本大震災後の感染症への対応 何が機能し、何が機能しなかったのか

    押谷 仁

    臨床とウイルス 40 (2) S35-S35 2012年5月

    出版者・発行元:日本臨床ウイルス学会

    ISSN:0303-8092

  85. 東北大学地域保健支援センターの活動報告

    坪谷 透, 佐藤 眞理, 柿崎 真沙子, 永井 雅人, 遠又 靖丈, 渡邉 崇, 周 婉てい, 菅原 由美, 丹治 史也, 星 玲奈, 金村 政輝, 平野 かよ子, 押谷 仁, 松岡 洋夫, 八重樫 伸生, 永富 良一, 南 優子, 佐々木 啓一, 辻 一郎

    宮城県公衆衛生学会会誌 (44) 12-12 2012年3月

    出版者・発行元:宮城県公衆衛生学会

    ISSN:0912-747X

  86. 【東日本大震災から1年 保健師が受け止めたもの】 保健衛生システム復興のために 東北大学地域保健支援センターの立ち上げと活動

    佐藤 眞理, 辻 一郎, 押谷 仁, 平野 かよ子

    保健師ジャーナル 68 (3) 200-205 2012年3月

    出版者・発行元:(株)医学書院

    ISSN:1348-8333

  87. 【災害後の医療の課題-東日本大震災の経験を活かして-】 自然災害発生後の感染症のリスクとその対応

    押谷 仁

    Geriatric Medicine 50 (3) 291-295 2012年3月

    出版者・発行元:(株)ライフ・サイエンス

    ISSN:0387-1088

    詳細を見る 詳細を閉じる

    大規模な自然災害後には感染症の流行の危険性が誇張して伝えられることが多いが、実際に大規模な感染症の流行によって大きな被害が起きることはむしろまれである。東日本大震災後にもインフルエンザなどの流行が一部の避難所で起きたが、大きな被害が起きることはなかった。しかし、東日本大震災では非常に広範にその被害が起きたことなどから衛生状態の悪化した避難所などが多くみられた。東日本大震災の被災者の多くは高齢者であり、災害弱者である高齢者における感染対策には多くの課題が残った。(著者抄録)

  88. 第一回宮城県東日本大震災被災者健康診査:中間報告

    佐藤眞理, 柿崎真沙子, 坪谷透, 渡邊崇, 遠又靖丈, 高橋英子, 永井雅人, 菅原由美, CHOU Wan‐Ting, 丹治史也, 星玲奈, 曽根稔雅, 松尾兼幸, 松岡洋夫, 永富良一, 八重樫伸生, 南優子, 平野かよ子, 押谷仁, 辻一郎, 柿崎真沙子, 坪谷透, 渡邊崇, 遠又靖丈, 高橋英子, 永井雅人, 菅原由美, CHOU Wan‐Ting, 丹治史也, 星玲奈, 曽根稔雅, 松尾兼幸, 松岡洋夫, 永富良一, 八重樫伸生, 南優子, 押谷仁, 辻一郎

    J Epidemiol 22 (Supplement 1) 73 2012年1月26日

    ISSN:0917-5040

  89. Infectious disease risk after the Great East Japan Earthquake

    Satoshi Mimura, Taro Kamigaki, Hitoshi Oshitani

    Journal of Disaster Research 7 (6) 741-745 2012年

    出版者・発行元:Fuji Technology Press

    DOI: 10.20965/jdr.2012.p0741  

    ISSN:1883-8030 1881-2473

    詳細を見る 詳細を閉じる

    Infectious disease outbreaks in postdisaster settings provide significant social impact although those outbreaks do not always occur. It is important to assess the potential risks of infectious disease in each setting. The Great East Japan Earthquake, which occurred March 11, 2011, imposed a huge impact on public health services. After the earthquake and following tsunami, many evacuation centers were sites of crowding as well as poor sanitation conditions because of the large-scale of destruction. Some shelters became sites of infectious disease outbreaks such as influenza and norovirus enteritis, although the size of these outbreaks was quite localized. Improvements in the response to infectious diseases through lessons learned from the Great East Japan Earthquake are expected to be the triggers for improving preparedness for public health emergencies.

  90. 東日本大震災被災者の健康状態等に関する調査 宮城県調査

    辻一郎, 佐藤眞理, 柿崎真沙子, 高橋英子, 永井雅人, 曽根稔雅, 福地成, 坪谷透, 遠又靖丈, 菅原由美, 松尾兼幸, 周婉てい, 渡邊崇, 星玲奈, 丹治史也, 平野かよ子, 押谷仁, 松岡洋夫, 八重樫伸生, 永富良一, 南優子, 佐々木啓一, 小坂健, 松本和紀, 富田博秋, 金村正輝, 相田潤, 粟田主一

    東日本大震災被災者の健康状態等に関する調査 平成23年度 総括・分担研究報告書 209-219 2012年

  91. 新型インフルエンザ発生時の公衆衛生対策の再構築に関する研究 インフルエンザ対策に関する文献調査およびウェブ構築に関する研究

    押谷仁, 砂川富正, 斉藤玲子, 和田耕治, 神垣太郎, 菖蒲川由郷

    新型インフルエンザ発生時の公衆衛生対策の再構築に関する研究 平成23年度 総括・分担研究報告書 41-74 2012年

  92. マニラ首都圏における台風Ketsanaによる洪水域内環境水からの病原性レプトスピラの検出

    沼澤聡, 真砂佳史, 齊藤麻理子, 山口諒, 押谷仁, 大村達夫

    環境工学研究論文集 48 III.165-III.171 2011年11月25日

    ISSN:1341-5115

  93. 【インフルエンザ-その現状と対応-】 インフルエンザ流行の世界的動向

    押谷 仁

    化学療法の領域 27 (12) 2642-2649 2011年11月

    出版者・発行元:(株)医薬ジャーナル社

    ISSN:0913-2384

    詳細を見る 詳細を閉じる

    インフルエンザの流行はパンデミックインフルエンザだけでなく、季節性インフルエンザも世界規模で流行が起きる。温帯地域では冬から春にかけて流行が起きるが、熱帯・亜熱帯地域では1年を通してインフルエンザウイルスが検出される。近年、このような熱帯・亜熱帯地域が新たなインフルエンザウイルスの変異株が発生する場所として注目されてきている。インフルエンザの流行状況を正しく理解するためには世界規模でインフルエンザをモニタリングする必要がある。インフルエンザサーベイランスネットワークは急速に充実しつつあり、インフルエンザ流行が世界規模で解析できる体制が整いつつある。(著者抄録)

  94. Interruption of the circulation of an indigenous measles genotype and the introduction of other genotypes after a mass vaccination campaign in the Philippines. (vol 83, pg 1424, 2011)

    N. Fuji, A. Suzuki, M. Saito, R. Centeno, H. Galang, S. Lupisan, R. Olveda, Hitoshi Oshitani

    JOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY 83 (10) 1866-1866 2011年10月

    出版者・発行元:WILEY-BLACKWELL

    DOI: 10.1002/jmv.22212  

    ISSN:0146-6615

  95. 台風Ketsanaによる洪水試料からの病原性レプトスピラの検出

    沼澤聡, 真砂佳史, 齊藤麻理子, 山口諒, 押谷仁, 大村達夫

    土木学会年次学術講演会講演概要集(CD-ROM) 66th ROMBUNNO.VII-014 2011年8月5日

  96. 抗ウイルス能を有する新規多孔性材料の開発と評価

    蛭子 貴文, 久保 拓也, 岡本 道子, 鈴木 陽, 押谷 仁, 伊藤 晴香, 細矢 憲

    日本分析化学会講演要旨集 60年会 289-289 2011年8月

    出版者・発行元:(公社)日本分析化学会

  97. 震災後のインフルエンザウイルスモニタリング

    当广 謙太郎, 大谷 可菜子, 岡本 道子, 神垣 太郎, 鈴木 陽, 川村 和久, 中川 洋, 押谷 仁

    東北公衆衛生学会誌 (60) 20-20 2011年7月

    出版者・発行元:東北公衆衛生学会

    ISSN:0915-549X

  98. 新型インフルエンザに立ち向かう

    押谷 仁

    環境工学総合シンポジウム講演論文集 2011 (21) 1-2 2011年6月29日

    出版者・発行元:一般社団法人日本機械学会

  99. グローバル化する感染症の脅威にどう立ち向かうべきか

    押谷 仁

    中部大学生命健康科学研究所紀要 7 1-12 2011年3月

    出版者・発行元:中部大学生命健康科学研究所

    ISSN:1880-3040

  100. 感染症のup-to-date 現況と対策 新型インフルエンザへの対応とその課題

    押谷 仁

    日本医科大学医学会雑誌 7 (1) 35-35 2011年2月

    出版者・発行元:日本医科大学医学会

    ISSN:1349-8975

  101. 学校での集団感染シナリオから考える感染症対策 (特集 この冬,備えておきたい 学校の感染症対策--インフルエンザの再流行に備えて)

    神垣 太郎, 押谷 仁

    教職研修 39 (4) 104-107 2010年12月

    出版者・発行元:教育開発研究所

  102. 新型インフルエンザ対策は有効であったのか (特集 新型インフルエンザAH1N1の流行を振り返って)

    押谷 仁

    臨牀と研究 87 (12) 1671-1674 2010年12月

    出版者・発行元:大道学館出版部

    ISSN:0021-4965

  103. 政策 新型インフルエンザ対策の評価--わが国と諸外国との違い

    玉記 雷太, 神垣 太郎, 押谷 仁

    インフルエンザ 11 (4) 345-351 2010年10月

    出版者・発行元:メディカルレビュー社

    ISSN:1345-8345

  104. 【パンデミックインフルエンザ 最新の知見と今後の展望】 世界と我が国の新型インフルエンザ(H1N1)2009の教訓 (日本臨床)

    神垣太郎, 玉記雷太, 押谷仁

    日本臨床 68 (9) 1605-1610 2010年9月

    出版者・発行元:日本臨床社

    ISSN:0047-1852

  105. 【検証「パンデミックインフルエンザ2009」】 パンデミックインフルエンザ(H1N1)2009の流行の疫学的特徴 (公衆衛生)

    押谷仁

    公衆衛生 74 (8) 647-651 2010年8月

    出版者・発行元:医学書院

    DOI: 10.11477/mf.1401101865  

    ISSN:0368-5187

  106. 【新型インフルエンザパンデミックを経験して 課題とこれからの対策】 平成21年H1N1新型インフルエンザ その臨床的特徴 (医学と薬学)

    貫和奈央, 神垣太郎, 押谷仁

    医学と薬学 63 (6) 853-860 2010年6月

  107. 医療に関連するトピックス 新型インフルエンザ (理学療法ジャーナル)

    玉記雷太, 押谷仁

    理学療法ジャーナル 44 (4) 333-333 2010年4月

    出版者・発行元:(株)医学書院

    ISSN:0915-0552

    eISSN:1882-1359

  108. Molecular epidemiology of rhinoviruses among children diagnosed as severe pneumonia in the Philippines

    N. Fuji, A. Suzuki, S. Lupisan, R. Tamaki, M. Saito, A. De Leon, R. Olveda, H. Oshitani

    INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES 14 E472-E472 2010年3月

    出版者・発行元:ELSEVIER SCI LTD

    DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2010.02.667  

    ISSN:1201-9712

  109. Etiology of childhood pneumonia in Tacloban, the Philippines

    A. Suzuki, S. Lupisan, N. Fuji, A. Ohno, Y. Furuse, R. Tamaki, M. Saito, H. Oreste, M. Mondoy, L. Sombrero, A. De Leon, R. Olveda, H. Oshitani

    INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES 14 E27-E27 2010年3月

    出版者・発行元:ELSEVIER SCI LTD

    DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2010.02.1547  

    ISSN:1201-9712

  110. Influenza disease burden study on 2 sentinel sites of Mongolia, 2008/09 season

    N. Nukiwa, A. Burmaa, T. Naranzul, T. Kamigaki, B. Darmaa, B. Gantsooj, H. Oshitani, P. Nymadawa

    INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES 14 E84-E85 2010年3月

    出版者・発行元:ELSEVIER SCI LTD

    DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2010.02.1676  

    ISSN:1201-9712

  111. Mixed infection of influenza A viruses is common

    Y. Furuse, A. Suzuki, N. Nukiwa, N. Fuji, H. Oshitani

    INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES 14 E319-E319 2010年3月

    出版者・発行元:ELSEVIER SCI LTD

    DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2010.02.2199  

    ISSN:1201-9712

  112. Detection waterborne diseases associated viruses in the river water Metro Manila and Bulacan, the Philippines

    T. Imagawa, A. Suzuki, M. Saito, Y. Masago, C. Okumura, S. Lupisan, R. Olveda, T. Omura, H. Oshitani

    INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES 14 E63-E63 2010年3月

    出版者・発行元:ELSEVIER SCI LTD

    DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2010.02.1628  

    ISSN:1201-9712

  113. 新型インフルエンザ対策を考える 新型インフルエンザ対策の現状と課題 (宮城県公衆衛生学会会誌)

    押谷仁

    宮城県公衆衛生学会会誌 (42) 15-18 2010年3月

  114. 【新型インフルエンザ】 新型インフルエンザA(H1N1)の世界的現状について (呼吸器内科)

    神垣太郎, 押谷仁

    呼吸器内科 17 (1) 6-13 2010年1月

  115. 【どうする今冬のインフルエンザ】 新型インフルエンザA(H1N1)の世界動向 (臨床とウイルス)

    神垣太郎, 押谷仁

    臨床とウイルス 38 (1) 130-135 2010年1月

  116. 【インフルエンザ】 新型インフルエンザの出現と世界的現状 (最新医学)

    玉記雷太, 神垣太郎, 押谷仁

    最新医学 65 (1) 26-36 2010年1月

    出版者・発行元:(株)最新医学社

    ISSN:0370-8241

    詳細を見る 詳細を閉じる

    2009年に発生した新型インフルエンザは,WHOが警戒レベルを最高の6に上げて世界大流行を宣言して以来,11月で約6ヵ月経過した.世界各国で感染拡大が続く中,その疫学像が明らかになってきている.主要各国の疫学状況や被害想定,ワクチンの世界的現状をupdateし,ウイルス(インフルエンザA/H1N1)の病原性や感染伝播力のレビューを行った.(著者抄録)

  117. 2008~2009シーズンの庄内地域におけるインフルエンザ外来患者からみた医療施設への負荷の検討 新型インフルエンザA(H1N1)を視野に入れて

    貫和 奈央, 神垣, 太郎, 橋本, 亜希子, 河村, 真人, 玉記, 雷太, 押谷 仁

    0 : いいえ 84 (1) 52-58 2010年1月

    出版者・発行元:感染症学雑誌

    DOI: 10.11150/kansenshogakuzasshi.84.52  

    ISSN:0387-5911

    詳細を見る 詳細を閉じる

    これまで我が国においてインフルエンザ流行時にインフルエンザ患者がどの程度医療施設へ集積するのか分かっていない.そこで,我々は2008/09 シーズンに山形県庄内地域における医療施設の外来受診状況を調査し,季節性インフルエンザによる医療施設への負荷を評価した.その結果,インフルエンザ患者受診数は病院で最も多かったが,外来受診者全体に対するインフルエンザ患者の占める割合が最も高かったのは小児科診療所であった.さらに,厚生労働省の発表した新型インフルエンザの推定発症率をもとに庄内地域における新型インフルエンザの患者発生数の推定を行ったところ発症者総数は59,600-89,400 人と推定できた.今回の結果より,今冬新型インフルエンザ患者が2008/09 シーズンと近い医療受療行動をとった場合,病院外来および小児科標榜診療所へ著しい負荷の増加が予想され,その対策が必要と考える.

  118. インフルエンザパンデミック(H1N1)2009を考える (ウイルス)

    押谷仁

    ウイルス 59 (2) 139-144 2009年12月

    出版者・発行元:日本ウイルス学会

    DOI: 10.2222/jsv.59.139  

    ISSN:0042-6857

    詳細を見る 詳細を閉じる

    インフルエンザパンデミックは数十年に一度の割合で出現してきている.ここ数年高病原性鳥インフルエンザA(H5N1)がパンデミックを起こる危険性が危惧されてきたが,実際に2009年に出現したパンデミックはブタインフルエンザ由来のA(H1N1)であった.このウイルスはこれまでヒトの間で流行を繰り返してきたAソ連型のA(H1N1)と亜型としては同じである,しかもこれまで想定されてきたA(H5N1)に比べると病原性も低いという特徴があった.このために今回のパンデミックA(H1N1)への対応はこれまで想定されてきたパンデミックと異なる側面を持っていた.このパンデミックを契機としてこれまでのパンデミック対策の考え方をもう一度再検討する必要がある.

  119. 【インフルエンザとは何か】 新型インフルエンザの疫学 (Biophilia)

    玉記雷太, 神垣太郎, 押谷仁

    Biophilia 5 (4) 14-20 2009年12月

    出版者・発行元:アドスリー

  120. 【インフルエンザ 2009年パンデミックの理解とその後への応用】 パンデミックインフルエンザ対策 パンデミックに対応するための国際協調 (治療学)

    玉記雷太, 神垣太郎, 押谷仁

    治療学 43 (11) 1197-1200 2009年11月

    出版者・発行元:ライフサイエンス出版(株)

    ISSN:0386-8109

  121. 公衆衛生 NPI(non-pharmaceutical intervention) (インフルエンザ)

    玉記雷太, 神垣太郎, 押谷仁

    インフルエンザ 10 (4) 315-321 2009年10月

    出版者・発行元:メディカルレビュー社

    ISSN:1345-8345

  122. 【インフルエンザとワクチンをめぐって】 インフルエンザをめぐる最新情報 インフルエンザ流行のわが国と世界の情勢 (診断と治療)

    玉記雷太, 神垣太郎, 押谷仁

    診断と治療 97 (10) 2027-2031 2009年10月

    出版者・発行元:診断と治療社

    ISSN:0370-999X

  123. 【新型(豚)インフルエンザ禍からの教訓】 新型インフルエンザパンデミックの特徴およびその対策 (化学療法の領域)

    神垣太郎, 貫和奈央, 橋本亜希子, 玉記雷太, 押谷仁

    化学療法の領域 25 (10) 2060-2066 2009年9月

    出版者・発行元:(株)医薬ジャーナル社

    ISSN:0913-2384

    詳細を見る 詳細を閉じる

    2009年4月より、メキシコ、米国で報告された豚インフルエンザ由来のインフルエンザA(H1N1亜型)がパンデミックを引き起こし、2009年8月4日現在で、世界保健機関によれば、162,380例の症例と1,154例の死亡者が報告されている。これまで、高病原性鳥インフルエンザH5N1によるパンデミックが考えられており、それを想定したパンデミック対策が事前準備されていた。しかしながら、今回のH1N1によるパンデミックにおいては、ウイルス学的あるいは疫学的にもこれまで想定していたパンデミックとは違う側面が出てきており、その対策の軌道修正が必要な状況である。本稿では、これまでに判明している新型インフルエンザA/H1N1に関する特徴を、ウイルス学的あるいは疫学的にまとめながら今後の対策について考察を行う。(著者抄録)

  124. 【新型インフルエンザA(H1N1)対策 医療現場のストラテジー】 新型インフルエンザ対応戦略のコンセプト (感染対策ICTジャーナル)

    玉記雷太, 神垣太郎, 押谷仁

    感染対策ICTジャーナル 4 (Suppl.1) 7-12 2009年9月

    出版者・発行元:(株)ヴァンメディカル

    ISSN:1881-4964

  125. 【待ったなしの感染症対策】 新型インフルエンザ対策 保健師が知っておきたいこと (保健師ジャーナル)

    玉記雷太, 神垣太郎, 押谷仁

    保健師ジャーナル 65 (9) 714-720 2009年9月

    出版者・発行元:医学書院

    DOI: 10.11477/mf.1664101254  

    ISSN:1348-8333

  126. 【検証・新型インフルエンザ パンデミック対策を問い直す】 新型インフルエンザへの対応 専門家はこうみる (日本医事新報)

    鈴木宏, 押谷仁, 岡部信彦

    日本医事新報 (4452) 33-45 2009年8月

    出版者・発行元:日本医事新報社

    ISSN:0385-9215

  127. 医療機関におけるインフルエンザ感染の拡大について新型インフルエンザ大流行時における医療対応に関する疫学研究 (化学療法の領域)

    神垣太郎, 橋本亜希子, 押谷仁

    化学療法の領域 25 (8) 1755-1760 2009年7月

  128. SARSはこうして制御された

    押谷 仁

    臨床とウイルス 37 (2) S29 2009年4月30日

    ISSN:0303-8092

  129. 公衆衛生 世界各国における新型インフルエンザ対策の現状 (インフルエンザ)

    玉記雷太, 神垣太郎, 押谷仁

    インフルエンザ 10 (2) 133-141 2009年4月

    出版者・発行元:メディカルレビュー社

    ISSN:1345-8345

  130. 【神経系の再興感染症と輸入感染症】 新型インフルエンザと脳炎・脳症 (BRAIN and NERVE: 神経研究の進歩)

    玉記雷太, 神垣太郎, 押谷仁

    BRAIN and NERVE: 神経研究の進歩 61 (2) 153-160 2009年2月

    出版者・発行元:医学書院

    ISSN:1881-6096

  131. 小児インフルエンザ罹患者の便からのインフルエンザウイルスの検出

    鈴木 陽, 齊藤 麻理子, 藤 直子, 清水 みどり, 押谷 仁, 阿部 修一, 板野 正敬, 井上 重夫, 遠藤 晃彦, 加納 一毅, 萱場 潤, 嘉山 益子, 川村 和久, 関 信夫, 田山 利幸, 速水 俊三, 松本 文子, 目時 規公也, 師 保之, 八木 恒夫, 山本 克哉, 吉田 眞

    日本小児科学会雑誌 113 (1) 155-155 2009年1月

    出版者・発行元:(公社)日本小児科学会

    ISSN:0001-6543

  132. わが国における新型インフルエンザの流行 (インフルエンザ)

    玉記雷太, 神垣太郎, 押谷仁

    インフルエンザ 10 (1) 33-37 2009年1月

    出版者・発行元:メディカルレビュー社

    ISSN:1345-8345

  133. 【新型インフルエンザ・パンデミック 予測と対策】 WHOの新型インフルエンザ対策 (日本医師会雑誌)

    押谷仁

    日本医師会雑誌 137 (10) 2091-2095 2009年1月

    出版者・発行元:日本医師会

    ISSN:0021-4493

  134. 【新型インフルエンザ・パンデミック 予測と対策】 狼は来るのか?その対策は 新型インフルエンザ徹底討論 (日本医師会雑誌)

    永井美之, 押谷仁, 田代眞人, 伊藤善典, 工藤宏一郎, 梅田珠実, 河岡義裕, 大日康史, 飯沼雅朗

    日本医師会雑誌 137 (10) 2023-2044 2009年1月

    出版者・発行元:日本医師会

    ISSN:0021-4493

  135. Detection of Human Metapneumovirus and Human Bocavirus from Patients with Influenza-Like Illness in the Philippines

    A. Suzuki, Y. Furuse, H. Galang, N. Fuji, T. Kamigaki, E. Miranda, S. Lupisan, R. Olveda, H. Oshitani

    INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES 12 E100-E101 2008年12月

    出版者・発行元:ELSEVIER SCI LTD

    DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2008.05.251  

    ISSN:1201-9712

  136. Influenza Related Excess Mortality Estimates Among All Cause Deaths in Mongolia, 2004-2007

    B. Alyeksandr, T. Kamigaki, H. Oshitani, N. Pagbajabun

    INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES 12 E90-E90 2008年12月

    出版者・発行元:ELSEVIER SCI LTD

    DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2008.05.225  

    ISSN:1201-9712

  137. Emergence of New Genotypes of Measles Virus in the Philippines After a Mass Vaccination

    N. Fuji, A. Suzuki, T. Kamigaki, M. Saito, Y. Furuse, E. Miranda, S. Lupisan, R. Olveda, H. Oshitani

    INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES 12 E100-E100 2008年12月

    出版者・発行元:ELSEVIER SCI LTD

    DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2008.05.250  

    ISSN:1201-9712

  138. Seasonality and Phylogenic Analysis of Influenzavirus in Philippines, 2006-2007

    H. Galang, A. Suzuki, Y. Furuse, N. Fuji, M. Saito, T. Kamigaki, S. Lupisan, H. Oshitani, R. Olveda

    INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES 12 E101-E101 2008年12月

    出版者・発行元:ELSEVIER SCI LTD

    DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2008.05.252  

    ISSN:1201-9712

  139. Genetic Variation and Prevalence of Amantadine-Resistant Influenza A (H3N2) Viruses in Two Consecutive Seasons in Japan and the Philippines

    Y. Furuse, A. Suzuki, T. Kamigaki, M. Saito, N. Fuji, H. Galang, S. Lupisan, R. Olveda, H. Oshitani

    INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES 12 E102-E102 2008年12月

    出版者・発行元:ELSEVIER SCI LTD

    DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2008.05.254  

    ISSN:1201-9712

  140. Review of Epidemiological Risk Factors of Measles Outbreak in Displaced Population

    K. Kouadio, T. Kamigaki, M. Saito, A. Suzuki, H. Oshitani

    INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES 12 E103-E103 2008年12月

    出版者・発行元:ELSEVIER SCI LTD

    DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2008.05.257  

    ISSN:1201-9712

  141. 【新型インフルエンザと季節性インフルエンザ】 新型インフルエンザ 新型インフルエンザは防げるか? (臨牀と研究)

    玉記雷太, 神垣太郎, 押谷仁

    臨牀と研究 85 (12) 1705-1710 2008年12月

    出版者・発行元:大道学館出版部

    ISSN:0021-4965

  142. 【呼吸器症候群(第2版) その他の呼吸器疾患を含めて】 感染症呼吸器疾患 ウイルス感染症 新型インフルエンザ(H5N1インフルエンザ) (日本臨床)

    玉記雷太, 押谷仁

    日本臨床 別冊 (呼吸器症候群I) 108-114 2008年12月

    出版者・発行元:(株)日本臨床社

    ISSN:0047-1852

  143. グローバル化時代のウイルス感染症--WHOの視点から見た新型インフルエンザ (特集・新型インフルエンザの流行とその対策)

    押谷 仁

    医薬ジャ-ナル 44 (11) 93-96 2008年11月

    出版者・発行元:医薬ジャ-ナル社

    ISSN:0287-4741

  144. 新型インフルエンザ対策と自治体の役割 (特集 市民を守る自治体)

    玉記 雷太, 押谷 仁

    地方自治職員研修 41 (11) 27-30 2008年11月

    出版者・発行元:公職研

    ISSN:1341-3929

  145. 【流行を食い止める 新型インフルエンザ】 新型インフルエンザへのグローバルな取り組み (Mebio)

    玉記雷太, 押谷仁

    Mebio 25 (11) 83-91 2008年11月

    出版者・発行元:(株)メジカルビュー社

    ISSN:0910-0474

  146. 【新型インフルエンザ その対策】 新型インフルエンザとは (成人病と生活習慣病)

    玉記雷太, 押谷仁, 神垣太郎

    成人病と生活習慣病 38 (11) 1229-1236 2008年11月

    出版者・発行元:東京医学社

    ISSN:1347-0418

  147. 【"感染症"と医療機関】 新型インフルエンザにどう対応するか (保険診療)

    玉記雷太, 押谷仁, 神垣太郎, 古瀬祐気

    保険診療 63 (11) 15-21 2008年11月

    出版者・発行元:(株)医学通信社

    ISSN:0385-8588

  148. 【新型インフルエンザの流行とその対策】 グローバル化時代のウイルス感染症 WHOの視点から見た新型インフルエンザ (医薬ジャーナル)

    押谷仁

    医薬ジャーナル 44 (11) 2585-2588 2008年11月

  149. 【変貌する感染症 人類の備えは十分か?】 新型インフルエンザへの備え (綜合臨床)

    玉記雷太, 押谷仁

    綜合臨床 57 (11) 2604-2610 2008年11月

    出版者・発行元:永井書店

    ISSN:0371-1900

  150. 【新型インフルエンザ パンデミックに備えて】 近づく新型インフルエンザ・パンデミックの脅威 (保団連)

    玉記雷太, 押谷仁

    保団連 (982) 11-18 2008年10月

    出版者・発行元:全国保険医団体連合会

    ISSN:0288-5093

  151. 新型インフルエンザに対する公衆衛生上の対策 (インフルエンザ)

    玉記雷太, 神垣太郎, 押谷仁

    インフルエンザ 9 (4) 299-305 2008年10月

    出版者・発行元:メディカルレビュー社

    ISSN:1345-8345

  152. 気候変動と感染症・疾病リスクの関連性 (特集 地球を蝕む気候変動)

    齊藤 麻理子, 押谷 仁

    都市問題 99 (9) 28-34 2008年9月

    出版者・発行元:東京市政調査会

    ISSN:0387-3382

  153. 新型インフルエンザへの対応 世界的な見地から (感染制御)

    玉記雷太, 押谷仁

    感染制御 4 (3) 263-266 2008年5月

    出版者・発行元:(株)EDIXi出版部

  154. 鳥インフルエンザ(H5N1)感染症の現況と対策 (日本医事新報)

    押谷仁

    日本医事新報 (4385) 57-62 2008年5月

    出版者・発行元:日本医事新報社

    ISSN:0385-9215

  155. グローバル化する新興感染症とその対応

    押谷 仁

    交通医学 62 (1) 8-8 2008年3月15日

    ISSN:0022-5274

  156. 新型インフルエンザ対策の現状と課題 (山形県医師会学術雑誌)

    押谷仁

    山形県医師会学術雑誌 35 52-76 2008年3月

  157. フィリピンにおける麻疹マスワクチンキャンペーン後の流行株のシフト (感染症学雑誌)

    鈴木陽, 藤直子, 古瀬祐気, 齊藤麻理子, 神垣太郎, 押谷仁

    感染症学雑誌 82 (臨増) 325-325 2008年3月

  158. 【インフルエンザ診療のブレークスルー】 グローバルな視点からみた新型インフルエンザ (臨床検査)

    押谷仁

    臨床検査 52 (1) 16-22 2008年1月

    出版者・発行元:医学書院

    DOI: 10.11477/mf.1542101488  

    ISSN:0485-1420

  159. 新型インフルエンザ対策に関するエビデンス 何がわかっていて、何がわかっていないのか? (臨牀と研究)

    押谷仁

    臨牀と研究 84 (12) 1728-1729 2007年12月

  160. 【新興・再興感染症の現状と予防】 高病原性トリインフルエンザと新型インフルエンザ (保健の科学)

    押谷仁

    保健の科学 49 (10) 669-673 2007年10月

    出版者・発行元:杏林書院

    ISSN:0018-3342

  161. 【インフルエンザを取り巻く治療・予防の現状と課題】 新型インフルエンザ出現の時期と出現後の対応 (Progress in Medicine)

    押谷仁

    Progress in Medicine 27 (10) 2307-2312 2007年10月

  162. 【難敵ウイルスを知る 感染拡大防止に備えて】 ウイルス感染症の治療 インフルエンザの治療と新型インフルエンザ対策 (薬事)

    押谷仁

    薬事 49 (11) 1659-1663 2007年10月

    出版者・発行元:じほう

    ISSN:0016-5980

  163. 鳥インフルエンザ(H5N1)感染症の現況と今後 (日本内科学会雑誌)

    押谷仁

    日本内科学会雑誌 96 (9) 1987-1992 2007年9月

    出版者・発行元:The Japanese Society of Internal Medicine

    DOI: 10.2169/naika.96.1987  

    ISSN:0021-5384

  164. 話題のウイルス 鳥インフルエンザウイルス (Drug Delivery System)

    押谷仁

    Drug Delivery System 22 (5) 578-578 2007年9月

  165. 東北大学大学院医学系研究科病理病態学講座微生物学分野

    鈴木 陽, 押谷 仁

    ウイルス 57 (1) 101-102 2007年6月22日

    ISSN:0042-6857

  166. グローバル化する新興感染症に対する危機管理体制 (岩手県立病院医学会雑誌)

    押谷仁

    岩手県立病院医学会雑誌 47 (1) 52-54 2007年6月

  167. 【ウイルス性疾患の動向と最近の治療】 ワクチンによって予防可能なウイルス感染症と海外旅行 狂犬病、A型肝炎、黄熱など (クリニカ)

    神垣太郎, 押谷仁

    クリニカ 34 (3) 183-188 2007年5月

  168. 日本の新型インフルエンザ対策の現状と課題 (日本化学療法学会雑誌)

    押谷仁

    日本化学療法学会雑誌 55 (Suppl.A) 41-41 2007年4月

  169. 【ウイルス感染症】 新型インフルエンザによるパンデミック (分子呼吸器病)

    押谷仁

    分子呼吸器病 11 (1) 19-24 2007年1月

  170. 鳥インフルエンザと新型インフルエンザ (Medical Technology)

    押谷仁

    Medical Technology 35 (1) 57-61 2007年1月

  171. 新型インフルエンザ対策の現状と今後の課題

    押谷 仁

    日本臨床微生物学雑誌 = The journal of the Japanese Society for Clinical Microbiology 16 (4) 33-33 2006年12月25日

    ISSN:0917-5059

  172. 21世紀の新興感染症と研究者の役割 (東北医学雑誌)

    押谷仁

    東北医学雑誌 118 (2) 137-138 2006年12月

    出版者・発行元:東北医学会

    ISSN:0040-8700

  173. 【インフルエンザ 診療のすべてと新型インフルエンザ対策】 新型インフルエンザに備える 鳥インフルエンザをめぐる世界の状勢 (臨牀と研究)

    押谷仁

    臨牀と研究 83 (12) 1775-1779 2006年12月

    出版者・発行元:大道学館出版部

    ISSN:0021-4965

  174. 【人獣共通感染症としてのインフルエンザ パンデミックへの対応】 インフルエンザの流行と予防 新型インフルエンザに対していかに備えるか (カレントテラピー)

    押谷仁

    カレントテラピー 24 (12) 1049-1053 2006年12月

  175. 【インフルエンザ診療の新展開 パンデミックを視野に入れた戦略】 インフルエンザパンデミックに向けて 臨床医の知っておくべきこととその役割 (内科)

    川名明彦, 板村繁之, 押谷仁, 加地正郎

    内科 98 (5) 877-891 2006年11月

  176. グローバルな新型インフルエンザ対策 (感染症)

    押谷仁

    感染症 36 (6) 224-228 2006年11月

  177. 鳥インフルエンザ : SARSなどの新興ウイルス感染症の脅威と課題

    押谷 仁

    臨床病理 = THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF JAPANESE SOCIETY OF LABORATORY MEDICINE 54 5-5 2006年10月20日

    ISSN:0047-1860

  178. グローバル化する21世紀の新興感染症 (東北のコロニー)

    押谷仁

    東北のコロニー (33) 41-47 2006年9月

  179. 鳥インフルエンザA(H5N1)の現状と日本の新型インフルエンザ対策の課題 (公衆衛生)

    押谷仁

    公衆衛生 70 (9) 696-700 2006年9月

    出版者・発行元:医学書院

    DOI: 10.11477/mf.1401100641  

    ISSN:0368-5187

  180. 【感染制御におけるパラダイムシフト 感染制御における新しい流れ・最新情報と将来展望】 国際保健の観点からみた感染制御 WHOにおけるあらたな取組みと将来展望 (医学のあゆみ)

    押谷仁

    医学のあゆみ 218 (13) 1063-1066 2006年9月

    出版者・発行元:医歯薬出版

    ISSN:0039-2359

  181. 新型インフルエンザ (医学のあゆみ)

    押谷仁

    医学のあゆみ 218 (2) 174-175 2006年7月

  182. インフルエンザのアクションプラン(対策)について (Virus Report)

    松本慶蔵, 押谷仁, 田代眞人, 河岡義裕

    Virus Report 3 (1) 12-23 2006年5月

    出版者・発行元:医薬ジャーナル社

    ISSN:1349-6956

  183. 最新のWHOの新型インフルエンザ対策 (インフルエンザ)

    押谷仁

    インフルエンザ 7 (1) 47-51 2006年1月

    出版者・発行元:メディカルレビュー社

    ISSN:1345-8345

  184. 【インフルエンザ】 インフルエンザの流行の歴史と現在の世界の状況 (医薬ジャーナル)

    押谷仁

    医薬ジャーナル 41 (12) 2875-2880 2005年12月

  185. 【これだけは知っておきたい国際感染症】 アジアにおけるサーベイランス強化とアウトブレイク対応 (Modern Physician)

    押谷仁

    Modern Physician 25 (5) 504-507 2005年5月

  186. 最近話題の新興・再興感染症における衛生学・公衆衛生学者の果たす役割 WHOの立場から (日本衛生学雑誌)

    押谷仁

    日本衛生学雑誌 60 (2) 216-216 2005年3月

    ISSN:0021-5082

  187. Influenza a (HSN1) in Asia: Current situation and WHO responses

    Hitoshi Oshitani

    INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS 26 S33-S33 2005年

    出版者・発行元:ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV

    ISSN:0924-8579

    eISSN:1872-7913

  188. Influenza A (HSN1) in Asia: Current Situation and WHO Responses

    Hitoshi Oshitani

    INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS 26 S33-S33 2005年

    出版者・発行元:ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV

    ISSN:0924-8579

    eISSN:1872-7913

  189. 【新興再興感染症 SARSの教訓】 SARSの教訓 SARS制圧の国際協力 (からだの科学)

    押谷仁

    からだの科学 増刊 (新興再興感染症SARSの教訓) 37-41 2004年5月

  190. 【検証「SARS」】 世界の状況とWHOの対応 (公衆衛生)

    押谷仁

    公衆衛生 67 (11) 820-825 2003年11月

    出版者・発行元:医学書院

    DOI: 10.11477/mf.1401100959  

    ISSN:0368-5187

  191. 新型肺炎(Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome:SARS)の経過と今後の課題 (新潟県医師会報)

    押谷仁

    新潟県医師会報 (643) 2-7 2003年10月

  192. WHOの新型インフルエンザ対策 (インフルエンザ)

    押谷仁

    インフルエンザ 4 (1) 51-57 2003年1月

    出版者・発行元:メディカルレビュー社

    ISSN:1345-8345

  193. 西太平洋地域における感染症の現状と対策 (Current Concepts in Infectious Diseases)

    尾身茂, 押谷仁

    Current Concepts in Infectious Diseases 20 (4) 6-9 2001年12月

  194. 【薬剤耐性菌をめぐる最近の話題】 アマンタジン耐性インフルエンザウイルス 特に本邦のアマンタジン耐性株出現状況 (臨床検査)

    斎藤玲子, 押谷仁, 鈴木宏

    臨床検査 45 (8) 884-887 2001年8月

    出版者・発行元:医学書院

    DOI: 10.11477/mf.1542904843  

    ISSN:0485-1420

  195. 新潟県の高齢者施設におけるインフルエンザワクチン接種の現状とその効果に関する研究

    関 奈緒, 押谷 仁, 斉藤 玲子

    厚生の指標 48 (7) 28-33 2001年7月

    出版者・発行元:厚生統計協会

    ISSN:0452-6104

  196. 1986年から1998年までに山形で急性気道感染症の小児から分離されたアデノウイルス3型のHypervariable regionの遺伝子配列の安定性

    水田 克巳, 押谷 仁, 勝島 矩子

    山形県衛生研究所報 (34) 11-14 2001年

    出版者・発行元:山形県衛生研究所

    ISSN:0513-4706

  197. 山形とザンビアで急性気道感染症の小児から分離されたアデノウイルス3型の制限酵素切断パターンによる比較--地域土着性について

    水田 克巳, Kasolo F.C., 押谷 仁

    山形県衛生研究所報 (34) 7-10 2001年

    出版者・発行元:山形県衛生研究所

    ISSN:0513-4706

  198. WHOのインフルエンザ対策の特徴とその意義 (日本臨床)

    押谷仁

    日本臨床 58 (11) 2175-2178 2000年11月

  199. 【高齢者へのインフルエンザワクチン接種について】 高齢者へのインフルエンザワクチン接種とその効果 高齢者施設での使用 (日本胸部臨床)

    鈴木宏, 押谷仁, 斎藤玲子, 関奈緒, 田辺直仁

    日本胸部臨床 59 (9) 662-669 2000年9月

  200. ワクチン インフルエンザウイルス ワクチン接種と抗インフルエンザウイルス剤 (化学療法の領域)

    鈴木宏, 斎藤玲子, 押谷仁, 増田寛樹

    化学療法の領域 16 (増刊) 315-321 2000年4月

  201. 1) ウイルス性新興・再興感染症(シンポジウム 新興・再興感染症, 第549回新潟医学会)

    押谷 仁, 鈴木 宏, Oshitani Hitoshi, Suzuki Hiroshi

    新潟医学会雑誌 114 (3) 77-82 2000年3月

    出版者・発行元:新潟医学会

    ISSN:0029-0440

    詳細を見る 詳細を閉じる

    Emerging and re-emerging viral infections have continuously occurred in many parts of the world. Such viral infections including Ebola virus, Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome and influenza virus A (H5N1) occurred in 1990's. There are three sources for new viruses to emerge in human population; 1) new virus variants, 2) introduction from other species, 3) dissemination from smaller population. Many factors should be involved in the emerging or re-emerging of viruses. These include viral, social and environmental factors. The most important viral factor is thigh mutation rate, particularly in RNA viruses. Various social factors such as population movement, urbanization, and developments in tropical forests are responsible for some emerging or re-emerging viruses. In some viral infections, environmental factors play a crucial role. Technology developments such as enhanced global surveillance and improved laboratory methods have also contributed to the detection of new virus infections. International collaboration system urgently needs to be established to make a quick and appropriate response to emerging and re-emerging diseases. Such international collaboration is organized by the World Health Organization(WHO).

  202. 新興・再興感染症 ウイルス性新興・再興感染症 (新潟医学会雑誌)

    押谷仁, 鈴木宏

    新潟医学会雑誌 114 (3) 78-82 2000年3月

  203. インフルエンザワクチン 現行ワクチンの評価とその問題点 (治療学)

    鈴木宏, 押谷仁

    治療学 34 (1) 81-85 2000年1月

  204. 新潟県における麻疹予防接種の現状と簡便な接種率把握法の検討

    関 奈緒, 斉藤 玲子, 田辺 直仁, 押谷 仁, 鈴木 宏

    日本公衆衛生雑誌 46 (11) 1013-1019 1999年11月15日

    出版者・発行元:日本公衆衛生学会

    ISSN:0546-1766

  205. インフルエンザの治療と予防 ワクチン (感染と抗菌薬)

    鈴木宏, 押谷仁, 斎藤玲子

    感染と抗菌薬 2 (3) 295-299 1999年9月

  206. インフルエンザ感染症の予防・制御対策 (新潟医学会雑誌)

    鈴木宏, 押谷仁, 村山直也, 川崎聡, 斉藤玲子, 関奈緒, 田辺直仁

    新潟医学会雑誌 113 (3) 133-137 1999年3月

    出版者・発行元:新潟大学

    ISSN:0029-0440

    詳細を見る 詳細を閉じる

    Influenza viruses are well known for their ability to cause sudden, pervasive infection in all age group on a global scale. In this paper we reviewed an avian influenza A (H5N1) outbreak in Hong Kong, 1996, as an emerging infectious disease, and also prevention and control influenza in Japan. Recent and historical information suggest the emergence of influenza pandemic. An avian influenza A (HsN1) outbreak was reported in Hong Kong, in which at least 18 humans infected and 6 of them died. Planning for the next pandemic is therefore a matter of concern for international and national health authorities. In Japan, outbreaks of influenza at aged people's nursing homes in many areas were reported in the 1996-1997 season, and the Government advised practitioners and local policy-makers to immunize those people. Influenza vaccines are strongly recommended for any person aged over 6 months in developed counties who is at increased risk for complications. However, historically the main target group of influenza vaccination in Japan was school children until June 1994, and almost no elderly Japanese have ever been vaccinated. Now, the introduction on the vaccination program for elderly persons is in process.

  207. ザンビアのウイルス感染症 A.小児感染症 (化学療法の領域)

    沼崎義夫, 押谷仁, 水田克巳

    化学療法の領域 13 (10) 1894-1901 1997年9月

  208. ザンビアにおけるHIV抗体陽性小児の麻疹感染

    押谷 仁, 鈴木 宏, MPABALWANI Mwila, 水田 克己, 沼崎 義夫

    日本熱帯医学会雑誌 23 92-92 1995年10月20日

    ISSN:0304-2146

  209. 公衆衛生活動の国際的な展開 ザンビアにおけるウイルス性肝炎対策 (公衆衛生)

    鈴木宏, 押谷仁

    公衆衛生 58 (8) 544-546 1994年8月

    出版者・発行元:医学書院

    DOI: 10.11477/mf.1401901087  

    ISSN:0368-5187

︎全件表示 ︎最初の5件までを表示

書籍等出版物 15

  1. 臨床医のための呼吸器・消化管ウイルス感染症

    札幌医科大学医学部小児科学講座教授, 堤, 裕幸ed, 押谷 仁

    診断と治療社 2014年8月28日

  2. 医療機関における新型インフルエンザ等対策。ミニマム・エッセンシャルズ

    川崎市健康安全研究所, 岡部, 信彦, d, 押谷 仁

    南山堂 2014年8月1日

  3. シンプル衛生公衆衛生学2014

    群馬大学名誉教授, 鈴木庄亮, ed. 押谷

    南山堂 2014年3月10日

  4. シンプル衛生公衆衛生学2013

    群馬大学名誉教授, 鈴木庄亮, ed. 押谷

    南山堂 2013年3月10日

  5. インフルエンザの最新知識Q&A2012 パンデミックH1N1 2009の終焉を迎えて~

    新潟大学名誉教授, 鈴木 宏, 東北大学加齢医学研究所教授, 渡辺 彰, ed. 押谷

    医薬ジャーナル社 2012年5月15日

  6. インフルエンザの最新知識Q&A2010 パンデミックH1N1 2009第一波を降り返って

    新潟大学名誉教授, 鈴木 宏, 長崎大学名誉教授, 松本, 慶蔵名誉教授, d. 押谷 仁

    医薬ジャーナル社 2010年8月10日

  7. パンデミックとたたかう

    押谷 仁, 瀬名 秀明

    岩波書店 2009年11月20日

  8. 新型インフルエンザはなぜ恐ろしいのか。WHOで活躍する医師と最前線に立つジャーナリストが問題お本質を語りつくす。

    押谷 仁, 虫明 秀樹

    NHK出版 2009年9月10日

  9. 新型インフルエンザ

    佐藤 元, 押谷 仁

    東海大学出版会 2009年2月

  10. インフルエンザの最新知識Q&A2009

    新潟大学鈴木, 宏教授, 長崎大学松本, 慶蔵名誉教授, ed. 押谷

    医薬ジャーナル社 2009年2月

  11. 新型インフルエンザ健康危機管理の倫理と実際

    岩崎恵美子, d. 押谷

    東海大学出版社 2008年12月5日

  12. 『KEY WORD 感染症』第2版

    山口 恵三, 戸塚 恭一, s, 押谷 仁

    先端医学社 2008年8月1日

  13. 今日の治療指針 私はこう治療している 2008年度版

    山口 徹, 北原 光夫, 福井 次矢, 押谷仁

    医学書院 2008年1月

  14. 小児感染症学

    岡部 信彦, 押谷仁

    診断と治療社 2007年9月

  15. Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome

    Malik Peiris、Larry J. Anderson、Albert, D. M. E. Osterhaus, Klaus Stohr, ed. Merianos A Condon, R, Oshitnai H Werker D, Andraghetti R

    Blackwell Publishers 2005年11月

︎全件表示 ︎最初の5件までを表示

講演・口頭発表等 113

  1. グローバルからローカルへの感染症対策:エボラ・新型インフルエンザから地域内季節性インフルエンザ対策へ

    大館市立総合病院地域関連感染対策セミナー 2015年3月4日

  2. 新興感染症への地域の備え:西アフリカのエボラウイルス感染症の流行から見えてきた課題

    平成26年度秋田県医師会感染症等危機管理研修会 2015年3月3日

  3. 東北大学・フィリピン拠点の活動成果

    感染症に備えるアジア・アフリカ「知のネットワーク」10年の歩み 成果報告シンポジウム 2015年2月20日

  4. 新興感染症の脅威とその対応

    山形県獣医師会 公衆衛生講習会 2015年2月19日

  5. 新型インフルエンザなどの感染症危機管理への自治体の備え

    東北ブロック感染症危機管理会議 2015年2月17日

  6. エボラウイルス感染症などの新興感染症に我々はどう備えたらいいのか

    気仙沼市立病院講演会 2015年2月2日

  7. 感染症危機管理のためのリスクマネジメントの考え方

    平成26年度 日本公衆衛生学会・感染症事例のリスクアセスメント研修会 2014年11月7日

  8. フィリピンにおける小児急性呼吸器感染症に関する研究

    第55 回日本熱帯医学会大会・第29 回日本国際保健医療学会学術大会・合同大会 2014年11月1日

  9. Recovery from the Great Tohoku Earthquake and Fukushima nuclear plant disaster 国際会議

    NIH –Japan JSPS Symposium 2014年10月23日

  10. 新たな感染症の脅威にどう対応したらいいのか

    河北健康の医学教室 2014年10月21日

  11. 新型インフルエンザの現状と課題

    玉川医師会小児科医会学術講演会 2014年9月25日

  12. 新型インフルエンザ等の新興感染症対策とリスクアセスメント

    秋田県感染症研究会第71回例会 2014年9月16日

  13. 新型インフルエンザ等の新興感染症対策とリスクアセスメント

    第16回三重県院内感染対策研究会 2014年9月10日

  14. 感染症危機管理と学校の役割

    東京都教育庁 健康づくりフォーラム 2014年7月31日

  15. 今後のパンデミック対策とリスクアセスメント

    第88回日本感染症学会学術講演会・第62回日本化学療法学会総会合同学会 2014年6月18日

  16. Globalization and Emerging Infectious Diseases 国際会議

    The 93rd GRIPS Forum 2014年6月9日

  17. Epidemiology Of Influenza Infection Among Pregnant Women And Children Under 6 Months In Mongolia, 2013/14 Season: A Prospective Cohort Study 国際会議

    Third ISIRV-Antiviral Group Conference ("Influenza and Other Respiratory Virus Infections: Advances in Clinical Management") 2014年6月4日

  18. フィリピンの台風30号(Yolanda)の被害とJ-GRID研究への影響

    H26年度第1回JICA国際緊急援助隊医療チーム課題検討会 2014年4月15日

  19. 新型インフルエンザ等の感染症リスクマネジメントの課題

    第11回感染症リスクマネジメント作戦講座 2014年3月19日

  20. フィリピンの台風被害に東日本大震災の経験をどう生かすか

    日本公衆衛生学会 東日本大震災後3年の復興活動の共有シンポジウム 2014年3月16日

  21. 新型インフルエンザのリスクとその対応の課題

    福島県医師会感染症危機管理研修会 2014年3月2日

  22. 新型インフルエンザ等の感染症危機管理と自治体の課題

    第7回東北ブロック感染症危機管理会議幹事会 2014年2月28日

  23. Infectious Diseases and Other Public Health Risks after the Typhoon Yolanda 国際会議

    Asian-African Research Forum on Emerging and Reemerging Infections 2014 2014年1月20日

  24. Research projects in the Philippines 国際会議

    The Asian Conference, Renewal of Our Commitment for Fighting against Communicable Diseases 2014年1月14日

  25. Chairperson 国際会議

    The 18th Congress of Asian Pacific Society of Respirology 2013年11月14日

  26. インフルエンザ対策における学校の役割

    秋田県医師会のシンポジウム 「第44回全国学校保健・学校医大会」 2013年11月9日

  27. 新たな呼吸器ウイルス出現とリスクアセスメン:鳥インフルエンザH7N9とMERS

    第61回日本科学療法学、第56回日本感染症学会、第83回日本感染症学会 2013年11月6日

  28. Influenza pandemic preparedness and response in Japan 国際会議

    Japan-Russia International Workshop 2013(JRIW2013) 2013年10月26日

  29. 座長

    第72回日本公衆衛生学会総会 2013年10月23日

  30. Molecular epidemiology of respiratory syncytial virus in three Asian countries: Japan, Mongolia and the Philippines 国際会議

    The 14th National Virology Conference 2013年9月27日

  31. フィリピンにおける狂犬病

    文部科学省・感染症研究国際ネットワーク推進プログラム(J-GRID) 2013年7月20日

  32. 公衆衛生の立場から考える新型インフルエンザ対策

    第87回日本感染症学学会. 第61回日本科学療法学会総会 2013年6月5日

  33. フィリピン重症肺炎の実態

    J-GRIDプログラムで日本パスツール協会主催シンポジウム 2013年5月24日

  34. Evolution of Respiratory Viruses in Asia 国際会議

    NIH-Tohoku University-JSPS Symposium. The 2nd Year Anniversary of the Great East Japan Earthquake, Present and Future 2013年5月9日

  35. Public health recovery after the Great East Japan Earthquake: Experiences in selected areas of Miyagi Prefecture 国際会議

    International Conference on Health Sector Recovery from Disasters 2013年3月5日

  36. 新型インフルエンザへの対応

    第28回日本環境感染学会総会 2013年3月1日

  37. Moderator 国際会議

    Asian-African Research Forum on Emerging and Reemerging Infections 2013 2013年1月23日

  38. Moderator 国際会議

    NIH –Japan JSPS Symposium 2012年11月26日

  39. コロナウイルスと重症急性呼吸器感染症:SARS出現から10年、そして新型コロナウイルスの出現と今後の課題

    第44回日本小児感染症学会総会・学術集会 2012年11月24日

  40. 海外拠点活動

    第60回日本ウイルス学会学術集会 2012年11月13日

  41. 大災害における感染症対策と公衆衛生上の課題

    第71回日本公衆衛生学会総会 2012年10月24日

  42. Influenza surveillance in resource poor countries 国際会議

    Pandemic influenza international conference 2012年9月5日

  43. 感染症制御に向けての国際貢献:フィールドリサーチをどう感染症制御につなげるのか?

    第5回小児感染症専門医育成フォーラム 2012年7月28日

  44. 東日本大震災後の感染症への対応:何が機能し、何が機能しなかったのか

    第53回日本ウイルス学会 2012年6月16日

  45. WHO Seasonal Influenza Vaccine Recommendations & Review of Vaccine Coverage 国際会議

    APACI's Inaugural Asia-Pacific Influenza Summit 2012年6月12日

  46. 公衆衛生危機管理:東日本大震災後の公衆衛生対応はどうあるべきだったのか

    第57回大分県公衆衛生学会 2012年2月25日

  47. Infectious disease risk and public health recovery after the Great East Japan Earthquake 国際会議

    Asian-African Research Forum on Emerging and Reemerging Infections 2012 2012年1月11日

  48. Infectious Disease Risk and Long-term Public Health Recovery after the Great East Japan Earthquake 国際会議

    47th Joint Committee Meeting Japan – U.S. Cooperative Medical Science Program 2011年10月23日

  49. Infectious Disease Risk and Long-term Public Health Recovery after the Great East Japan Earthquake 国際会議

    47th Joint Committee Meeting Japan – U.S. Cooperative Medical Science Program2011 2011年10月23日

  50. Epidemiology and etiological roles of two picornaviruses: human rhinovirus C and enterovirus 68 国際会議

    The 13th National Conference “Current Topics of Virology” 2011年9月9日

  51. Epidemiology and etiological roles of two picornaviruses: human rhinovirus C and enterovirus 68 国際会議

    The 13th National Conference “Current Topics of Virology”2011 2011年9月9日

  52. 高病原性鳥インフルエンザの現状と課題

    日本家禽学会2011年度秋季大会 公開シンポジウム 2011年8月24日

  53. 高病原性鳥インフルエンザの現状と課題

    日本家禽学会H23年度秋季大会 公開シンポジウム 2011年8月24日

  54. The Great East Japan Earthquake 2011: Health Impact and Recovery of Public Health Systems. Kobe Earthquake 1995 and Japan Earthquake and Tsunami of 2011 国際会議

    First Regional Health Cluster Forum on Humanitarian Emergencies 2011年8月22日

  55. 新型インフルエンザに立ち向かう

    第21回環境工学総合シンポ2011特別講演会 2011年6月30日

  56. クローバるな視点からみた感染症対策とフィールドリサーチの役割:フィリピン感染症研究拠点の経験から

    第28回日本医学会総会2011東京 2011年4月9日

  57. インフルエンザ対策のエビデンス:わかっていることわかっていないこと

    押谷 仁

    第26回日本環境感染症学会総会 2011年2月18日

  58. 熱帯地で問題になる人獣共通感染症

    押谷 仁

    第51回日本熱帯医学会大会 2010年12月4日

  59. 新型インフルエンザA/H1N1の世界の状況と日本との比較

    押谷 仁

    第42回日本小児感染症学会シンポジウム 2010年11月28日

  60. 新型インフルエンザA/H1N1の世界の状況と日本との比較.

    第58回日本ウイルス学会 2010年11月7日

  61. 新型インフルエンザなどのグローバル化する感染症にどう立ち向かうのか

    押谷 仁

    広島保健学会第7回学術集会 2010年10月3日

  62. Aetiology of severe acute respiratory tract infection in a rural area 国際会議

    押谷 仁

    5th Annual Scientific Symposium, Stanley Ho Centre for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Hong Kong. 2010年6月29日

  63. Pandemic in Asia: Pandemic experiences and challenges beyond 国際会議

    押谷 仁

    International Symposium on Influenza Pandemic in Asia 2010年3月23日

  64. Emerging infectious diseases in East Asia: Progress in strengthening capacity and unfilled gaps 国際会議

    押谷 仁

    The conference on Strengthening Health and Non-Health Response Systems in Asia, Singapore 2010年3月18日

  65. Perspective on Planning for and Responding to the H1N1 Pandemic 国際会議

    押谷 仁

    XII International Symposium on Respiratory Viral Infections, Chinese Taipei 2010年3月11日

  66. Translating data to information for policy formulation and implementation 国際会議

    押谷 仁

    Experiences from regional Outbreaks. SEA Regional Conference on Epidemiology, New Delhi, India 2010年3月9日

  67. 新型インフルエンザA(H1N1):これまでの日本の対応と今後の課題

    押谷 仁

    第19回IDATENインタラクティプ・ケースカンファレンス 2009年12月5日

  68. 「インフルエンザパンデミックの基本とその対策」

    押谷 仁

    第49回近畿産業衛生学会 2009年11月14日

  69. パンデミックインフルエンザ:ワクチンと抗ウイルス剤

    押谷 仁

    第57回 日本ウイルス学会学術集会 2009年10月26日

  70. 新型インフルエンザについて

    押谷 仁

    第63回国立病院総合医学会 2009年10月24日

  71. 新型インフルエンザA(H1N1) 総論:世界の状況とわが国の対応

    押谷 仁

    第68回公衆衛生学会総会 2009年10月21日

  72. 「インフルエンザA(H1N1)による新型インフルエンザの予想される展開と課題」

    押谷 仁

    第48回臨床呼吸器カンファレンス 2009年9月3日

  73. Pandemic preparedness and H1N1 pandemic severity assessment in southeast Asia 国際会議

    押谷 仁

    The Lancet Conference in Influenza in the Asia-Pacific, Beijing China 2009年8月22日

  74. 「新型インフルエンザの基礎知識とその対策」

    押谷 仁

    第13回日本渡航医学会学術集会 2009年7月17日

  75. 「新型インフルエンザ対策の現状と課題」

    押谷 仁

    第45回宮城県公衆衛生学会学術総会 2009年6月25日

  76. インフルエンザA(H1N1)の世界の状況と日本での今後の展開

    押谷 仁

    第50回日本臨床ウイルス学会 2009年6月14日

  77. インフルエンザA(H1N1)による新型インフルエンザの各国の状況と日本の課題

    押谷 仁

    第49回日本呼吸器学会学術講演会 2009年6月13日

  78. WHOでの経験を含めて―感染症コントロールの国際舞台で働くために―

    押谷 仁

    第83回日本感染症学会総会 2009年4月24日

  79. 新型インフルエンザ対策の課題

    押谷 仁

    平成20年度福島県自治体病院学会 2008年11月8日

  80. Influenza Pandemic Preparedness: Issues and Challenges 国際会議

    押谷 仁

    Third Singapore Public Health & Occupational Medicine Conference, 16 & 17 Sep 2008 2008年9月16日

  81. クローバル化する新興感染症とその対応

    押谷 仁

    第62回日本交通医学会総会 2008年6月7日

  82. 新型新インフルエンザとは

    押谷仁

    日本医療学シンポジウム 2008年6月1日

  83. Influenza pandemic preparedness: WHO strategy and current situation in Japan 国際会議

    押谷 仁

    7th Japan-China International Conference of Virology 2008年6月1日

  84. 救急医療と感染症:呼吸器ウイルスアウトブレイクを中心として

    押谷 仁

    第11回日本臨床救急医学会総会・学術集会 2007年6月7日

  85. 「日本の新型インフルエンザ対策の現状と課題」

    押谷仁

    第55回日本化学療法学会総会 2007年6月1日

  86. 「鳥インフルエンザ(H5N1)感染症の現況と今後」

    押谷仁

    第104回日本内科学会総会 2007年4月3日

  87. 「グローバル化する新興感染症と日本の課題」

    押谷仁

    新潟県臨床衛生検査技師会学術研究会 感染制御部門 疫学領域分野 研修会 2007年3月3日

  88. 「新型インフルエンザ対策の現状と今後の課題」

    押谷仁

    第18回日本臨床微生物学会総会 2007年2月17日

  89. 「グローバル化する新興感染症に対する危機管理体制」

    押谷仁

    平成18年度岩手県立病院医学会春季学術集会 2007年2月3日

  90. 「小児科の視点から見た新型インフルエンザ対策の課題」

    押谷仁

    東北小児感染症懇話会 2007年1月20日

  91. 「新型インフルエンザ対策に関するエビデンス:何がわかっていて、何がわかっていないのか?」

    押谷仁

    第9回九州感染症・化療フォーラム 2007年1月13日

  92. 「インフルエンザA(H5N1)による鳥インフルエンザの現状と新型インフルエンザ対策の課題」

    押谷仁

    第二回奈良新興感染症研究会 2007年1月11日

  93. Overview of the current situation of avian influenza A(H5N1) and the risk of influenza pandemic 国際会議

    押谷仁

    11th Congress of the Asian Pacific Society of Respirology 2006年11月19日

  94. Possibility of Early Containment of Potential Influenza Pandemic 国際会議

    押谷仁

    U.S.-Japan Cooperative Medical Science Program (USJCMSP) 11th International Conference on Emerging Infectious Disease in the Pacific Rim 2006年11月16日

  95. 鳥インフルエンザの現状と新型インフルエンザ対策の課題

    押谷仁

    第5回上越IC(Infection Control)フォーラム 2006年11月13日

  96. 「鳥インフルエンザ、SARSなどの新興ウイルス感染症の脅威と課題」

    押谷仁

    第53回日本臨床検査医学会学術集会 2006年11月9日

  97. 「新型インフルエンザにおけるWHOの対応と日本の対応」

    押谷仁

    公衆衛生学会 2006年10月27日

  98. Influenza pandemic threat and global and regional responses 国際会議

    押谷仁

    PANDEMIC INFLUENZA WORKSHOP Multilateral Perspectives on Preparedness Response Planning, and Areas for Cooperation 2006年9月27日

  99. 鳥インフルエンザ問題を考える 国際会議

    押谷仁

    緊急国際シンポジウム もうひとつのアジア安全保障 2006年9月22日

  100. 国際化と新興感染症

    押谷仁

    第89回日本輸血・細胞治療学会 東北支部例会 2006年9月16日

  101. 新型インフルエンザ対策の現状と問題点

    押谷仁

    第4回長崎感染症予防研究会 2006年9月15日

  102. 鳥インフルエンザの現状とパンデミックの危険性

    押谷仁

    2006年度統計関連学会連合大会 2006年9月5日

  103. Overview and major issues for assessment of disease burden of viral diseases in Asia 国際会議

    押谷仁

    Vaccines for Viral Infections in Developing Countries 2006年7月27日

  104. 新興ウイルス感染症の脅威

    押谷仁

    第5回 みちのくウイルス塾 2006年7月15日

  105. 新型インフルエンザ対策の現状と問題点

    押谷仁

    第5回総合診療フォーラム 2006年6月20日

  106. 鳥インフルエンザA(H5N1)はパンデミックを起すか?

    押谷仁

    第7回感染病態シンポジウム 2006年6月13日

  107. 新型インフルエンザのパンデミック 現状と対策

    押谷仁

    第46回日本呼吸器学会学術講演会 2006年6月1日

  108. 鳥インフルエンザの現状と国際的対応

    押谷仁

    第5回東北国際保健研究会学術総会 2006年4月22日

  109. Role of clinical research in prevention and control of emerging disease SARS and influenza

    押谷仁

    第109回日本小児科学会学術集会 2006年4月21日

  110. 世界のインフルエンザパンデミック対策の最前線

    押谷仁

    第20回インフルエンザ研究者交流の会シンポジウム 2006年3月25日

  111. Overvew of avian influenza (H5N1) and pandemic threat 国際会議

    押谷仁

    新興・再興感染症に関するアジアリサーチフォーラム 2006年2月19日

  112. Collaboration in the fight against emerging viral infection: Asia Pacific perspective 国際会議

    Oshitani, Hitoshi

    5th Asia Pacific Congress of Medical Virology 2000年6月26日

  113. Regional Strategies for Emerging and Remerging Diseases

    Oshitani, Hitoshi

    SEAMIC Meeting on Surveillance and Control of Emerging Diseases 1999年12月2日

︎全件表示 ︎最初の5件までを表示

共同研究・競争的資金等の研究課題 45

  1. 新型コロナウイルス感染症療養患者の健康管理アルゴリズム確立及び管理ツールの開発

    石井 正, 市川 学, 植田 琢也, 押谷 仁, 赤石 哲也

    2021年4月1日 ~ 2024年3月31日

    詳細を見る 詳細を閉じる

    令和3年度において実施した研究については、概ね交付申請書内の「研究方法・計画」に記載の通りの進捗となった。具体的には、宮城県内におけるCOVID-19宿泊療養施設一ヶ所(無症状者、軽症者を対象)で療養を行なった患者の療養時の記録(全て紙面情報、宮城県庁に保管)を、個人情報を扱うために本研究専用としたパソコンにデータベースとするべく記録し直した。登録された患者は2020年12月から2021年3月までで、計945人と当初の計画よりも順調に進行したため大幅に患者数を増やすことができた。個人を特定できる個人情報については、パスワードをかけたパソコンおよびファイル内にのみ格納しており、実際に解析を行うデータベースでは個人を特定できない形で扱っている。 得られたデータは患者の基本情報(年齢、性別、基礎疾患、常用薬、COVID-19発症日、検査日、療養施設入所日・退所日、入院の有無等)および療養施設内での毎日の症状変化(体温、脈拍数、酸素飽和度、咳、痰、呼吸苦、胸痛、倦怠感、下痢、嘔気嘔吐、頭痛、鼻汁鼻閉、咽頭痛、筋肉関節痛、味覚嗅覚障害、食欲、不安感、不眠等)を10点満点のスケールで示したものである。また、東北大学病院総合診療科において往診を実施し、行われた検査や処方した薬剤、担当医の診察評価のデータも得られた。これらのデータは非常に詳細かつ信頼性が高く、入院患者以外の患者情報としては他に類を見ない貴重なデータであると思われる。 これらの得られたデータから重症化リスクの高い療養者のトリアージ基準の策定や、症状が遷延するリスクの高い患者の同定を試みる。前者については、機械学習を応用した解析を実施中で、令和4年度前半には解析がまとまる見込みである。後者については、さまざまな因子の相互関係を考慮して実施しており、適切な統計解析によってこちらも令和4年度前半には解析がまとまる予定である。

  2. COVID-19の疫学解析から探る新たな呼吸器ウイルスパンデミック対策の確立

    押谷 仁

    提供機関:Japan Society for the Promotion of Science

    制度名:Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research

    研究種目:Grant-in-Aid for Challenging Research (Exploratory)

    研究機関:Tohoku University

    2021年7月9日 ~ 2023年3月31日

    詳細を見る 詳細を閉じる

    新型コロナウイルス感染症(COVID-19)については自治体が日々公表しているデータを収集しデータベース化している。このデータベースを使い、流行動態をモニタリングするだけではなく、COVID-19の2次感染の異質性(Overdispersion)についての解析も行った(Int J Infect Dis. 2022 Mar;116:365-373. doi: 10.1016/j.ijid.2022.01.036. )。また小児の流行動態に与える影響(Front Pediatr. 2021 Aug 10;9:705882. )や病院や高齢者施設での伝播パターンについても解析を行った(Jpn J Infect Dis. 2021 Oct 29. )。飲食店などのクラスターの地域内流行に与える影響や、デルタ株・オミクロン株になってからのOverdispersionのパターンについての解析も同時に行っている。さらに規模の大きなクラスター(Superspreading Event)が起こる条件についても文献のレビューも含め行っている。この中には日本で考え出されてきた密閉空間・密集状況・密接な接触という「3密」の概念の整理と、COVID-19以外の感染症での「3密」の重要性についての考察を含んでいる。さらに呼吸器ウイルスの感染経路、特にエアゾル感染の重要性についての疫学的考察についても、進めてきている。

  3. フィリピンの一地域における呼吸器ウイルスの分子進化過程の解明

    押谷 仁, 乙丸 礼乃, 岡本 道子, 古瀬 祐気, 小田切 崇

    提供機関:Japan Society for the Promotion of Science

    制度名:Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research

    研究種目:Fund for the Promotion of Joint International Research (Fostering Joint International Research (B))

    研究機関:Tohoku University

    2019年10月7日 ~ 2023年3月31日

    詳細を見る 詳細を閉じる

    フィリピンの一地域(ビリラン島)でのさまざまな呼吸器ウイルスの進化過程の解析をおこなった。特にビリラン島で検出されたC型インフルエンザウイルスについては、全ゲノムの解析を行った(Microbiol Resour Announc. 2021 Dec 9;10(49):e0090021)。A型インフルエンザウイルスに関しても特にA(H3N1)についてHA遺伝子の解析からビリラン島での進化過程の解析を行った。またヒトメタニューモウイルス(HMPV)の解析を進め、HMPVのビリラン島における他地域からの流入(Introducion)と地域内での進化(Persistance)のパターンの解析を行った。さらにHMPVと同じ特徴を共有するRespiratory Syncytialウイルス(RSV)についてもHMPVとの比較をしながら解析をおこなった。ヒトコロナウイルスであるOC43についても全ゲノム解析を含めた検討を行い、日本国内のOC43の遺伝子との違いについても解析を行った。呼吸器ウイルスのビリラン島でのIntroductionとPersistanceのパターンの解析を行うための基本的な方法論についてもさまざまな検討をおこなった。またウイルスの進化だけではなく伝播特性やウイルスの遺伝子変化が重症度に与える影響についても解析を行うべくRSVについてのゲノムデータと臨床データからなるデータベースを構築した。

  4. エンテロウイルスD68の世界規模での流行に関与する要因の解析

    押谷 仁

    提供機関:Japan Society for the Promotion of Science

    制度名:Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research

    研究種目:Grant-in-Aid for Challenging Research (Exploratory)

    研究機関:Tohoku University

    2019年6月28日 ~ 2023年3月31日

    詳細を見る 詳細を閉じる

    エンテロウイルスD68(EV-D68)は2014年から2015年にかけて世界的に大きな流行を起こしたが、その主流となっていたのはClade Bのウイルスであった。その後、Calde Dのウイルスが世界的にも主流となったことが示されている。フィリピンにおいても2018年にはClade Dのウイルスが数多く検出された。どのような遺伝子の変化がClade Dのウイルスに起きたのかを確認する目的で2008年からフィリピンで検出されていたClade DのウイルスのFull Genome Sequencingを行った。この結果、フィリピンで検出されたClade Dのウイルスにも2016年以降に多くのアミノ酸変異が蓄積されていたことがわかった(Microbiol Resour Announc. 2021 Sep 30;10(39):e0070921)。またClade BからClade Dに主流株が変わっていった背景に抗原性の違いが関与している可能性が考えられたために、フィリピンの一地域でそれぞれの株の流行後のClade BとClade Dに対する抗体価をELISAと中和試験で検討したところ、それぞれのCladeの株の流行後にはその株に対する抗体価が上昇する傾向が確認された。このことはCladeの置き換わりに、抗原性の違いが関与している可能性を示唆するものである。またCalde BとClade Dのウイルスについてフィリピンの株と他の国の株のシークエンスの比較を行った。

  5. グローバルな視点からのRSウイルス制御のための疫学研究

    押谷 仁, 岡本 道子, 斉藤 繭子, 神垣 太郎

    提供機関:Japan Society for the Promotion of Science

    制度名:Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research

    研究種目:Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (A)

    研究機関:Tohoku University

    2019年4月1日 ~ 2023年3月31日

    詳細を見る 詳細を閉じる

    RSウイルスの疫学および伝播動態の解析については主にフィリピン・ビリラン島でのコホート研究のデータの解析を行った。この結果、家族内伝播については家庭内の年長児が乳児の感染源となっている可能性を示唆するデータが得られた(Open Forum Infect Dis. 2019 )。このことは将来のワクチン戦略の策定にも重要な知見であると考えられる。さらに、家庭内伝播についてはシンガポール大学のAlex Cook博士と共同研究を進めており、数理モデル構築に必要なパラメーターなどの検討を行っている。またコホートデータから年齢階層ごとにRSウイルスに関連する下気道疾患の罹患率についての解析も行った。この結果、RSウイルスに関連する下気道疾患の罹患率は3-5か月の乳児で最も高かったが、12‐23か月の小児でも比較的高いことがわかった(Influenza Other Respir Viruses. 2019)。ザンビア・カンボジアでの研究につついては倫理委員会の申請などの準備を行ってきたが、新型コロナウイルスの流行のために渡航ができない状態が続いており、研究は十分に進んでいない。しかし、ザンビアについては検体の採取は始まっており、今後解析を進める予定となっている。

  6. アジアに展開する感染症研究拠点を活用した新型コロナウイルス感染症(COVID-19)に関する緊急研究

    森田 公一, 長谷部 太, 安田 二朗, 井上 真吾, 櫻井 康晃, 川口 寧, 松浦 善治, 押谷 仁, 森 康子, 齋藤 玲子

    提供機関:Japan Society for the Promotion of Science

    制度名:Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research

    研究種目:Grant-in-Aid for Special Purposes

    研究機関:Nagasaki University

    2020年2月20日 ~ 2021年3月31日

    詳細を見る 詳細を閉じる

    新型コロナウイルスの迅速診断のため蛍光LAMP法による診断法を開発し国内での大型客船で発生したクラスターの調査等に活用された。抗体検査については大腸菌発現ウイルスN蛋白を用いて、ELSIA法を開発した。中和抗体価を対象とした感度・特異度は、91.1%, 93.8%と良好な結果が得られ、日本のみならずベトナムにおいて血清疫学調査に活用された。ウイルス中和抗体を安全に検出できるシュードウイルスを用いる測定系も完成した。アジアでのウイルス全ゲノム解析では、大きな流行がみられたインドネシアにおいて同国特有のQ667H変異株が急速に拡大している状況がわかり、ウイルス変異監視継続の必要性が示唆された。

  7. 感染症パンデミック発生時に国際援助を担う看護職の教育プログラム開発

    松永 早苗, 石原 美和, 押谷 仁

    提供機関:Japan Society for the Promotion of Science

    制度名:Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research

    研究種目:Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)

    2018年4月1日 ~ 2021年3月31日

    詳細を見る 詳細を閉じる

    本研研究は、エボラ出血熱発生時に国際支援を担った医療職に「看護職の困難と対処」について半構造化面接を行い、その結果を質的に分析した。質的に分析した結果は、パンデミック発生時に国際支援を担う看護職の教育プログラム試案を作成する基とした。作成した教育プログラム試案は、感染症の専門家の評価を得て、改善点を修正し、教育プログラムとして開発した。 本研究結果は、質的研究を基にプログラム試案を作成し、さらに専門家からの評価を得たことで、より信頼性が高まり、今後のパンデミック発生時の看護職の活動や教育に活かされると考える。

  8. 宮城県における東日本大震災被災者の健康状態等に関する調査 競争的資金

    辻一郎

    提供機関:Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare

    制度名:Health Labour Sciences Research Grant

    2013年4月 ~ 2021年3月

  9. アジア・アフリカ地域の小児急性呼吸器感染症対策のための研究ネットワーク形成 競争的資金

    押谷仁

    提供機関:Japan Society for the Promotion of Science

    制度名:Core-to-Core Program, Asia-Africa Science Platforms

    2017年4月 ~ 2020年3月

  10. フィリピン感染症研究拠点における国際共同研究の推進 競争的資金

    押谷仁

    提供機関:Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development

    制度名:Japan Initiative for Global Research Network on Infectious Diseases (J-GRID)

    2015年4月 ~ 2020年3月

  11. フィリピンにおける包括的小児疾患管理の肺炎診断・治療基準改定に対する費用効果分析

    玉記 雷太, 神垣 太郎, 斉藤 繭子, 押谷 仁, 青年海外協力隊隊員

    提供機関:Japan Society for the Promotion of Science

    制度名:Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research

    研究種目:Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)

    2016年4月1日 ~ 2019年3月31日

    詳細を見る 詳細を閉じる

    2014年にWHOによって改定された包括的小児疾患管理(Integrated Management of Childhood Illness:IMCI)の肺炎治療ガイド ラインの費用効果分析を実施した。改定版IMCIの治療効果が改定前と同等であり、一疾患あたりの医療費が平均53%削減した。結果は"Health Policy Brief "としてフィリピン保健省に提出され改訂版IMCIの国内導入が検討されている。この成果は、UHCに資するエビデンスとして、資源が限られている低・中所得国で疾病負荷の高い小児肺炎に対して、費用対効果の高い保健政策につながる。

  12. トランスミッションダイナミックスから見たRSウイルスの疫学と新たな対策の確立 競争的資金

    押谷仁

    提供機関:Japan Society for the Promotion of Science

    制度名:Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (A)

    2016年4月 ~ 2019年3月

  13. 新規遺伝子型RSウイルスが従来型RSウイルスを凌駕した分子メカニズムの解明

    古瀬 祐気, 押谷 仁, 岡本 道子

    提供機関:Japan Society for the Promotion of Science

    制度名:Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research

    研究種目:Grant-in-Aid for Young Scientists (B)

    2016年4月1日 ~ 2018年3月31日

    詳細を見る 詳細を閉じる

    RSウイルスは、感染すると主に細気管支炎を引き起こす。本研究課題では、近年出現したON1型と呼ばれる新たな遺伝子型をもつRSウイルスについて解析を行った。ON1型RSウイルスがもつ遺伝子学的特徴を全ゲノムレベルで明らかし、系統学的解析によってON1型が出現した進化過程を考察した。さらに、数理モデルによる検討の結果、季節性の有無や免疫学的差異が新しい遺伝子型をもつウイルスの流行拡大に寄与しうることがわかった。さらに、培養細胞を用いた感染実験によって、ON1型RSウイルスが従来のウイルスとは異なる形質を示すことがわかったため、今後その分子生物学的メカニズムをさらに詳細に検討する必要性が示唆れた。

  14. 迅速・高精度・網羅的な病原微生物検出による水監視システムの開発 競争的資金

    大村達夫

    提供機関:Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST)

    制度名:Strategic Basic Research Programs (CREST)

    2011年10月 ~ 2017年3月

  15. フィリピンにおけるデング熱媒介蚊の集団遺伝学的研究:飛翔パターンと感染経路

    渡辺 幸三, 大村 達夫, 渡部 徹, 押谷 仁, 齊藤 麻理子

    提供機関:Japan Society for the Promotion of Science

    制度名:Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research

    研究種目:Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)

    研究機関:Ehime University

    2013年4月1日 ~ 2016年3月31日

    詳細を見る 詳細を閉じる

    フィリピンのメトロマニラとターラックにおいて,デングウイルスを媒介するネッタイシマカ成虫を採捕して,DNA多型解析を行った。その結果,蚊の交流範囲や蚊の飛翔範囲が5km未満など,デングウイルスの伝播範囲の予測に繋がるベクターの空間生態を明らかになった。また,メトロマニラの全604行政区における洪水強度と土地利用区分に関するGISデータを整備し,これらを説明変数として,行政区間のデング感染率(人口当たり感染数)の違いを記述する回帰木モデルを作成した。高い精度で実測されたデング感染率を説明するモデルが構築され,洪水がリスク因子としての寄与率が高いことも示された。

  16. アジアにおけるインフルエンザウイルスのトランスミッションダイナミックスと進化 競争的資金

    押谷 仁

    提供機関:Japan Society for the Promotion of Science

    制度名:Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research

    2012年4月 ~ 2016年3月

  17. 小児呼吸器感染症の病因解析・疫学に基づく予防・制御に関する研究 競争的資金

    押谷仁

    提供機関:Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development

    制度名:Science and Technology Research Partnership for Sustainable Development (SATREPS)

    2010年4月 ~ 2016年3月

  18. フィリピンの新興・再興感染症研究拠点における国際共同研究 競争的資金

    押谷仁

    提供機関:Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology

    制度名:Japan Initiative for Global Research Network on Infectious Diseases (J-GRID)

    2010年4月 ~ 2015年3月

  19. 新型インフルエンザ発生時の公衆衛生対策の再構築に関する研究 競争的資金

    押谷仁

    提供機関:Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare

    制度名:Health Labour Sciences Research Grant

    2011年4月 ~ 2014年3月

  20. 高病原性の新型インフルエンザ発生に対する事前準備及び、緊急対応に関する研究 競争的資金

    田代真人

    提供機関:Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare

    制度名:Health Labour Sciences Research Grant

    2011年4月 ~ 2014年3月

  21. フィリピンにおけるヒトエンテロウイルスCの疫学解析とリスク評価 競争的資金

    押谷仁

    提供機関:Japan Society for the Promotion of Science

    制度名:Grant-in-Aid for challenging Exploratory Research

    2011年4月 ~ 2013年3月

  22. 熱帯東南アジアにおける新型インフルエンザH1N1による疾病負担ならびに超過死亡の研究 競争的資金

    2011年4月 ~ 2013年3月

  23. 被災地の保健機能復興と経験共有 競争的資金

    押谷仁

    提供機関:Sasakawa Peace Foundation

    制度名:Sasakawa Peace Foundation Grant

    2011年10月 ~ 2012年3月

  24. アジアにおけるインフルエンザウイルスの疫学解析ネットワークの構築 競争的資金

    2009年4月 ~ 2012年3月

  25. 小児呼吸器感染症の病因および疫学解析に基づく予防・制御に関する研究 競争的資金

    2010年6月 ~ 2011年3月

  26. 新型インフルエンザA(H1N1)のトランスミッションダイナミックスから見た疫学像 競争的資金

    提供機関:Japan Society for the Promotion of Science

    制度名:Grant-in-Aid for challenging Exploratory Research

    2010年4月 ~ 2011年3月

  27. 新型インフルエンザによるパンデミック対策と域内協力事業 競争的資金

    提供機関:Sasakawa Peace Foundation

    制度名:Sasakawa Peace Foundation Grant

    2009年4月 ~ 2011年3月

  28. 新型インフルエンザ大流行時の公衆衛生対策に関する研究 競争的資金

    押谷仁

    提供機関:Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare

    制度名:Health Labour Sciences Research Grant

    2008年4月 ~ 2011年3月

  29. 急性呼吸器感染症の感染メカニズムと疫学、感染予防・制御に関する研究 競争的資金

    2006年4月 ~ 2011年3月

  30. 新型インフルエンザ対策における検疫の効果的・効率的な実施に関する研究 競争的資金

    2009年4月 ~ 2010年3月

  31. 開発途上国に対する新型インフルエンザサーベイランス及び対応能力強化支援の具体的あり方に関する研究 競争的資金

    2009年4月 ~ 2010年3月

  32. フィリピンの新興・再興感染症研究拠点における国際共同研究 競争的資金

    2008年4月 ~ 2010年3月

  33. 感染症の病態別、迅速多項目診断システムの開発 競争的資金

    2008年4月 ~ 2010年3月

  34. 改正国際保健規制への対応体制構築に関する研究 競争的資金

    2008年4月 ~ 2010年3月

  35. ボホール島(フィリピン)における狂犬病コントロール

    齊藤 麻理子, 押谷 仁, 鈴木 陽, 神垣 太郎

    提供機関:Japan Society for the Promotion of Science

    制度名:Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research

    研究種目:Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)

    研究機関:Tohoku University

    2008年 ~ 2010年

    詳細を見る 詳細を閉じる

    本研究はフィリピンにおける狂犬病のモニタリングシステム構築およびフィリピン各地から収集した動物脳検体の分子疫学的解析を行ったものである。遺伝子解析の結果、1)狂犬病ウイルスがフィリピンに持ち込まれてから島を越えたウイルスの移動はほとんどないこと2)地理的に隔離された場所(山に囲まれた場所など)ではウイルス遺伝子が保持される傾向にあること、3)地域ごとの狂犬病対策が有効であること が示唆された。

  36. モンゴル国におけるインフルエンザの疾病負荷に関する研究

    神垣 太郎, 押谷 仁

    提供機関:Japan Society for the Promotion of Science

    制度名:Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research

    研究種目:Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)

    研究機関:Tohoku University

    2008年 ~ 2010年

    詳細を見る 詳細を閉じる

    我々は平成20年度において超過死亡率を算出する方法で検討を行い、2004-07年において明らかな超過死亡を認めなかったことを確認した。さらに2カ所でインフルエンザ患者サーベイランスおよび重症急性肺炎による入院者サーベイランス研究を実施した。2008-2010年の2シーズンでは、パンデミック(H1N1)2009によって前年と比較すると約5-6 倍のインフルエンザ様疾患の報告例の増加がみられた。その年齢構成をみると1 ヵ所では全年齢層において報告例の増加を認めている一方で、別なサイトではその増加の中心は小児に限定しておりモンゴル国においてはパンデミック時も観察地域においては小児における罹患が流行の中心であり、それに伴う入院率および罹患率の増加が見られるものの、死亡数の増加にはつながらないことが明らかとなった。

  37. 感染症アウトブレイクに対する効果的な国際協力のあり方に関する研究 競争的資金

    2007年4月 ~ 2009年3月

  38. 健康危機管理におけるクライシスコミュニケーションのあり方の検討 競争的資金

    2007年4月 ~ 2009年3月

  39. 日本におけるスペインインフルエンザ(1918-1920年)の疫学的解析

    押谷 仁, 神垣 太郎, 鈴木 陽

    2008年 ~ 2009年

    詳細を見る 詳細を閉じる

    インフルエンザでは突然別の亜型が出現して流行することがあり、これをインフルエンザパンデミックという。過去100年間に発生した3回のパンデミックのうち最も被害が大きかったのは我々の研究で41万3000人(95%信頼区間76,717-480,357)の超過死亡がみられた1918年から1920年に起こったスペインインフルエンザである。中国大陸に駐留していた関東軍では1918年から1920年の致死率(死亡者数を感染者数で除したもの)でみるとそれぞれ1000人あたり5.0、7.8、7.2人であり、流行時期が後になるほど高い数字であった。またパンデミック(H1N1)2009の発生を受けて、流行像がより近いと示唆された1957年のアジアインフルエンザあるいは1968年の香港インフルエンザの時期に発行された新聞記事を用いてデータベースを作成した。アジアインフルエンザでは学校閉鎖および流行状況に対する報道姿勢が今回と似ていること、新聞の報道数では初期の動向と非常に相関が高いが、12月以降のインフルエンザシーズンでは動向と必ずしも一致しないことが明らかとなった。研究についてまとめると、スペインインフルエンザでは大きなMortality impactがみられたが、過去に検討された病理像は現在のウイルス性肺炎と矛盾しないものであつたが、細菌性肺炎の関与も強く疑われた。また流行初期よりも後期において致命率が上昇していたことも明らかとなった。1918年以外のパンデミックも含めてもやはり公衆衛生上において重要な課題であったことと考えられた。

  40. 発展途上国における新興感染症に対する早期警戒システムの構築のための基礎研究

    押谷 仁, 鈴木 陽, 神垣 太郎, 小坂 健, 関根 雅夫, 古瀬 祐気, 藤 直子, 貫和 奈央, 佐山 勇輔, 今川 稔文, 二口 尚美

    提供機関:Japan Society for the Promotion of Science

    制度名:Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research

    研究種目:Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)

    研究機関:Tohoku University

    2007年 ~ 2009年

    詳細を見る 詳細を閉じる

    近年の新興感染症では短期間に世界中に国境を越えて広がるということが特徴としてあげられ、効果的な対応するためには、従来のサーベイランスを強化するとともに新たなシステムを開発する必要がある。本研究を通して、サーベイランスデータの解析ではその地域の人口学的な特徴を勘案する必要があること、難民の発生地域など脆弱な保健システムにおいてもサーベイランスによる探知が対策に必須であること、その中で実験室的な確定診断が重要であるが、核酸増幅や抗体検出などの新たな系の確立が重要であると考えられた。

  41. フィリピンにおける新興・再興感染症研究拠点形成に向け試行的共同研究 競争的資金

    2007年4月 ~ 2008年3月

  42. 新型インフルエンザへの事前準備と大流行発生時の緊急対応計画に関する研究 競争的資金

    2006年4月 ~ 2008年3月

  43. フィリピンでの新興・再興感染症研究拠点形成のための予備調査 競争的資金

    2006年10月 ~ 2007年3月

  44. 地域での新型インフルエンザ対策の現状と対策推進に関する調査研究 競争的資金

    2006年4月 ~ 2007年3月

  45. 新型インフルエンザ発生時の対応に関する研究 競争的資金

    2005年4月 ~ 2006年3月

︎全件表示 ︎最初の5件までを表示

社会貢献活動 232

  1. 第2回東北-新潟 exchange meeting

    2013年12月6日 ~ 2013年12月7日

    詳細を見る 詳細を閉じる

    Infectious disease risk after the typhoon Yolanda (Haiyan) in the Philippines.

  2. [日本国内] 第8回 日伊科学技術 宮崎国際会議

    2008年10月10日 ~ 2008年10月11日

    詳細を見る 詳細を閉じる

    グローバル化する感染症の脅威

  3. [日本国内] 「鳥インフルエンザの現状と新型インフルエンザ対策の課題」

    2006年11月11日 ~ 2006年11月12日

    詳細を見る 詳細を閉じる

    講師および研究指導 講習会名:「再教育・生涯教育講習会」 主催:地域医療教育開発センター

  4. 秋田県感染症研究会第71回例会

    2014年9月16日 ~

    詳細を見る 詳細を閉じる

    新型インフルエンザ等の新興感染症対策とリスクアセスメント

  5. 第16回三重県院内感染対策研究会

    2014年9月10日 ~

    詳細を見る 詳細を閉じる

    新型インフルエンザ等の新興感染症対策とリスクアセスメント

  6. 東京都教育庁 健康づくりフォーラム

    2014年7月31日 ~

    詳細を見る 詳細を閉じる

    感染症危機管理と学校の役割

  7. 山形県村山保健所講演会

    2014年1月27日 ~

    詳細を見る 詳細を閉じる

    新型インフルエンザ対策の現状と課題

  8. 第61回秋田県感染対策協議会研修会

    2013年11月16日 ~

    詳細を見る 詳細を閉じる

    新型インフルエンザの現状と対策

  9. H25年度兵庫県市町長防災危機管理ラボ

    2013年10月18日 ~

    詳細を見る 詳細を閉じる

    新型インフルエンザ等の感染症危機管理と行政の役割

  10. 豊橋医師会の講演会

    2013年6月22日 ~

    詳細を見る 詳細を閉じる

    新たな鳥インフルエンザA(H7N9)の出現と新型インフルエンザ対策の課題.

  11. アジア大都市ネットワーク2 アジア感染症対策プロジェクト共同調査研究会議

    2013年6月6日 ~

    詳細を見る 詳細を閉じる

    世界のインフルエンザの現状と対策鳥インフルエンザH7N9を中心に

  12. 石巻赤十字病院の講演会

    2013年5月23日 ~

    詳細を見る 詳細を閉じる

    H7N9インフルエンザパンデミックへの備えと課題

  13. 国際保健トレーニング合宿

    2013年3月18日 ~

    詳細を見る 詳細を閉じる

    感染症は国境を越えて

  14. 笹川平和財団ワークショップ

    2013年3月11日 ~

    詳細を見る 詳細を閉じる

    被災地の保健機能復興と経験共有」事業の取り組みを通じて見えてきた課題の整理

  15. 平成24年度感染症危機管理研修会

    2013年2月6日 ~

    詳細を見る 詳細を閉じる

    東日本大震災の被災地における感染症対策:保健衛生の原点から危機管理を考える

  16. 栃木県上都賀郡医師会でのインフルエンザワクチンについての講演会

    2012年12月13日 ~

    詳細を見る 詳細を閉じる

    インフルエンザ対策-新型インフルエンザに備えて

  17. 東京都内科医学会学術講演会

    2012年12月8日 ~

    詳細を見る 詳細を閉じる

    新型インフルエンザに立ち向かう

  18. 気仙沼市立病院の講演

    2012年10月9日 ~

    詳細を見る 詳細を閉じる

    新型インフルエンザ対策の新たな課題

  19. 石巻赤十字病院の講演会

    2012年10月4日 ~

    詳細を見る 詳細を閉じる

    新型インフルエンザ対策の新たな課題

  20. 平成24年度秋田県医師会感染症等危機管理研修会

    2012年10月3日 ~

    詳細を見る 詳細を閉じる

    新型インフルエンザ対策の新たな課題

  21. 第5回小児感染症専門医育成フォーラム

    2012年7月28日 ~

    詳細を見る 詳細を閉じる

    感染症制御に向けての国際貢献:フィールドリサーチをどう感染症制御につなげるのか?

  22. 保健医療科学院 平成24年度健康危機管理研修

    2012年6月15日 ~

    詳細を見る 詳細を閉じる

    被災地における感染症対策:東日本大震災の経験からみる災害時の感染症対策

  23. 大分・新型インフルエンザ医療従事者研修会

    2012年2月25日 ~

    詳細を見る 詳細を閉じる

    新型インフルエンザ対策:2009年のパンデミック後の対策はどうあるべきか

  24. 三重県感染症情報化コーディネーター養成研修会

    2012年2月20日 ~

    詳細を見る 詳細を閉じる

    被災時の感染症対策東日本大震災などの被災時に想定される感染症対策

  25. 第5回東北ブロック感染症危機管理会議

    2012年2月6日 ~

    詳細を見る 詳細を閉じる

    行動計画・ガイドラインの改訂のポイントを踏まえた新型インフルエンザ対策

  26. 平成23年度感染症危機管理研修会

    2011年10月12日 ~

    詳細を見る 詳細を閉じる

    東日本大震災の被災地における感染症対策と保健衛生システムの復興

  27. 平成23年度秋田県医師会感染症等危機管理研修会

    2011年10月1日 ~

    詳細を見る 詳細を閉じる

    新型インフルエンザ対策をもう一度考える

  28. 東北大学サイエンスカフェ+リベラルアーツサロン」スペシャル版

    2011年5月13日 ~

    詳細を見る 詳細を閉じる

    東日本震災後の感染症発生のリスクと対策のポイント

  29. 第32回秋田県小児科医会総会特別講演

    2011年4月23日 ~

    詳細を見る 詳細を閉じる

    東日本大震災の被災 地における感染症の現状と保健衛生システムの再生への道

  30. [日本国内] 富士フイルム先進研究所の講演会

    2011年1月14日 ~

    詳細を見る 詳細を閉じる

    「インフルエンザ感染とその対策:何がわかっていて何がわかっていないのか?」

  31. [日本国内] 東北大の感染症セミナー

    2010年12月9日 ~

  32. [日本国内] 眼科第111回懇話会

    2010年11月20日 ~

    詳細を見る 詳細を閉じる

    「インフルエンザ対策の現状と問題点」

  33. [日本国内] 「Japan & World Update」

    2010年11月19日 ~

  34. [日本国内] 第5回中部大学ライフサイエンスフォーラム

    2010年11月10日 ~

    詳細を見る 詳細を閉じる

    「グローバル化する感染症の脅威にどう立ち向かうべきか」

  35. [日本国内] 九都県市新型インフルエンザ対策検討部会

    2010年10月26日 ~

    詳細を見る 詳細を閉じる

    「インフルエンザパンデミック(H1N1)対策の検証と課題」

  36. [日本国内] 兵庫県保険医協会 特別研究会

    2010年10月2日 ~

    詳細を見る 詳細を閉じる

    「インフルエンザパンデミック(H1N1)2009の対応への教訓と今後の課題」

  37. [日本国内] 平成22年度 第2回感染制御専門薬剤師セミナー

    2010年9月10日 ~

    詳細を見る 詳細を閉じる

    「新型インフルエンザ対策の現状と課題」

  38. [日本国内] 第9回岐阜呼吸器治療セミナー

    2010年9月9日 ~

    詳細を見る 詳細を閉じる

    「新型インフルエンザ(H1N1)への対応の総括と今後の課題」

  39. [日本国内] 第47回大分感染症研究会

    2010年8月26日 ~

    詳細を見る 詳細を閉じる

    「新型インフルエンザへの対応:2009年の流行を振り返って見えてきた課題」

  40. [日本国内] 平成22年度高齢者インフルエンザワクチン予防接種講習会

    2010年7月31日 ~

    詳細を見る 詳細を閉じる

    「新型インフルエンザ(H1N1):2009年の流行を振り返って見えてきた課題」

  41. [日本国内] 第21回三河感染・免疫研究会

    2010年7月10日 ~

    詳細を見る 詳細を閉じる

    「新型インフルエンザA(H1N1)の総括と展望」

  42. [日本国内] 第24回インフルエンザ研究者交流の会シンポジウムプログラム

    2010年7月2日 ~

    詳細を見る 詳細を閉じる

    「エビデンスという視点から見た新型インフルエンザH1N1pdm2009パンデミック」

  43. [日本国内] H22年度防災啓発研修講演会

    2010年7月2日 ~

    詳細を見る 詳細を閉じる

    「新型インフルエンザへの対応とその課題」

  44. [日本国内] ジスロマックSR全国講演会の東京講演会

    2010年6月19日 ~

    詳細を見る 詳細を閉じる

    「新型インフルエンザへの対応:2009年の総括と今後の課題」

  45. [日本国内] 日本医科大学医学会第20回公開シンポジウム

    2010年6月12日 ~

    詳細を見る 詳細を閉じる

    「新型インフルエンザの対応とその課題」

  46. [日本国内] 第54回倉敷胸部疾患懇話会

    2010年5月26日 ~

    詳細を見る 詳細を閉じる

    「新型インフルエンザA(H1N1)への対応の総括と今後の課題」

  47. [日本国内] 仙台外来小児科懇話会

    2010年3月30日 ~

    詳細を見る 詳細を閉じる

    新型インフルエンザA(H1N1)の流行について: 2009年4月-2010年3月の流行を振り返って

  48. [日本国内] バイオメディカルサイエンス研究会 感染症対策啓発セミナー

    2010年3月30日 ~

    詳細を見る 詳細を閉じる

    「新型インフルエンザなどの感染症への対応の課題」

  49. [日本国内] 岡山小児・感染免疫フォーラム

    2010年3月25日 ~

    詳細を見る 詳細を閉じる

    「新型インフルエンザA(H1N1)2009-10年の流行の統括」

  50. [日本国内] 京都市市医会臨時総会・講演会

    2010年2月28日 ~

    詳細を見る 詳細を閉じる

    「新型インフルエンザA(H1N1)への対応の総括と課題」

  51. [日本国内] 石川県金沢市講演会

    2010年2月28日 ~

    詳細を見る 詳細を閉じる

    「新型インフルエンザA(H1N1)への対応の総括と課題」

  52. [日本国内] 第回 元気、健康フェアin 東北

    2010年2月27日 ~

    詳細を見る 詳細を閉じる

    「新型インフルエンザの基礎と問題点」

  53. [日本国内] 京都市市医会臨時総会

    2010年2月27日 ~

    詳細を見る 詳細を閉じる

    「新型インフルエンザA(H1N1)への対応の総括と課題」

  54. [日本国内] 長井市西置賜郡 医師会薬剤師会 合同講演会

    2010年2月2日 ~

    詳細を見る 詳細を閉じる

    「新型インフルエンザA(H1N1):これまでの日本の状況とこれからの課題」

  55. [日本国内] 全国疫学情報データベース構築研修会

    2010年1月28日 ~

    詳細を見る 詳細を閉じる

    「新型インフルエンザA(H1N1)の疫学と公衆衛生対応」

  56. [日本国内] いわき明星大学第17回 薬学セミナー

    2010年1月26日 ~

    詳細を見る 詳細を閉じる

    「新型インフルエンザA (H1N1) の出現と課題」

  57. [日本国内] 第19回IDATENインタラクティプ・ケースカンファレンス

    2009年12月5日 ~

    詳細を見る 詳細を閉じる

    「新型インフルエンザA/H1N1への対応:これまでの総括と今後の課題」

  58. [日本国内] 平成21年度 阪神南圏域地域戦略推進事業・緊急講演会

    2009年12月4日 ~

    詳細を見る 詳細を閉じる

    「新型インフルエンザA/H1N1への対応:これまでの総括と今後の課題」

  59. [日本国内] 大館北秋田医師会他学術講演会

    2009年11月24日 ~

    詳細を見る 詳細を閉じる

    「新型インフルエンザA/H1N1:地域の医療体制の課題」

  60. [日本国内] 市民のためのサイエンス講座

    2009年11月24日 ~

    詳細を見る 詳細を閉じる

    「新型インフルエンザにどう対応すべきなのか」

  61. [日本国内] 新型インフルワクチン接種

    2009年11月22日 ~

  62. [日本国内] 第23回日本耳鼻咽喉科学会専門医講習会

    2009年11月22日 ~

    詳細を見る 詳細を閉じる

    新興・再興感染症

  63. [日本国内] 第49回近畿産業衛生学会

    2009年11月14日 ~

    詳細を見る 詳細を閉じる

    「インフルエンザパンデミックの基本とその対策」

  64. [日本国内] 京都府新型インフルエンザ講演会

    2009年11月10日 ~

    詳細を見る 詳細を閉じる

    「新型インフルエンザについて」

  65. [日本国内] 京都府市町村長防災危機管理ラボ

    2009年11月10日 ~

    詳細を見る 詳細を閉じる

    「新型インフルエンザと自治体の対策」

  66. [日本国内] 「楽しむ科学教室」講演会講師

    2009年11月1日 ~

    詳細を見る 詳細を閉じる

    「新型インフルエンザの脅威と現代医学」

  67. [日本国内] 公開講座(附属災害制御研究センター主催)

    2009年10月31日 ~

    詳細を見る 詳細を閉じる

    「新型インフルエンザの被害低減のために今何ができるのか」

  68. [日本国内] 小山地区医師会学術講演会

    2009年10月30日 ~

    詳細を見る 詳細を閉じる

    「新型インフルエンザA/H1N1:地域の医療体制の課題」

  69. [日本国内] 栃木県立がんセンター講演会

    2009年10月30日 ~

    詳細を見る 詳細を閉じる

    「新型インフルエンザA/H1N1:地域の医療体制の課題」

  70. [日本国内] 大阪講演会

    2009年10月29日 ~

    詳細を見る 詳細を閉じる

    新型インフルエンザA/H1N1:現状と医療体制の課題

  71. [日本国内] H21年度病理同窓会総会特別講演

    2009年10月25日 ~

    詳細を見る 詳細を閉じる

    「新型インフルエンザA/H1N1への対応」

  72. [日本国内] 第63回国立病院総合医学会 市民公開講座

    2009年10月24日 ~

    詳細を見る 詳細を閉じる

    「新型インフルエンザについて」

  73. [日本国内] 新型インフルの特徴解説

    2009年10月23日 ~

  74. [日本国内] 第68回公衆衛生学会総会 新型インフルエンザシンポ

    2009年10月21日 ~

    詳細を見る 詳細を閉じる

    新型インフルエンザA(H1N1) 総論:世界の状況とわが国の対応

  75. [日本国内] 全国保健所長会第66回総会会員協議

    2009年10月20日 ~

    詳細を見る 詳細を閉じる

    「新型インフルエンザA(H1N1)最新の知見」

  76. [日本国内] 新型インフル重症化小児が突出

    2009年10月19日 ~

  77. [日本国内] 第4回仙台外来小児科懇話会

    2009年10月19日 ~

    詳細を見る 詳細を閉じる

    「新型インフルエンザA(H1N1):大流行を目前ににかえ被害軽減のため何ができるのか」

  78. [日本国内] 宮崎県医師会 平成21年度県民健康セミナー

    2009年10月18日 ~

    詳細を見る 詳細を閉じる

    「われわれは新型インフルエンザにどう対応したらいいのか」

  79. [日本国内] FETP発足10年記念シンポジウム

    2009年10月16日 ~

    詳細を見る 詳細を閉じる

    FETPに今後期待される役割?新型インフルエンザ対策等健康危機管理に関連して

  80. [日本国内] 第11回福山市医師会インフルエンザ講演会

    2009年10月15日 ~

    詳細を見る 詳細を閉じる

    「新型インフルエンザA/H1N1への医療機関の対応」

  81. [日本国内] 新型インフル 中旬からワクチン接種

    2009年10月12日 ~

  82. [日本国内] 感染症プログラムの総括シンポジウム

    2009年10月9日 ~

    詳細を見る 詳細を閉じる

    フィリピン:新型インフルエンザを見据えた重症肺炎への挑戦

  83. [日本国内] 新型インフルエンザウイルス性肺炎で重症化

    2009年10月4日 ~

  84. [日本国内] 厚木医師会学術講演会

    2009年9月26日 ~

    詳細を見る 詳細を閉じる

    「新型インフルエンザA(H1N1)に対する対応:被害軽減(Mitigation)への戦略」

  85. [日本国内] 日本ウイルス学会後援 第8回ウイルス学夏の学校・みちのくウイルス塾

    2009年9月19日 ~

    詳細を見る 詳細を閉じる

    「今回の新型インフルエンザの話: わかっていることわかっていないこと」

  86. [日本国内] 新型インフルエンザ対策 募る危機感

    2009年9月18日 ~

  87. [日本国内] 新型インフルエンザ対策 豪州、働き盛りが重症化

    2009年9月17日 ~

  88. [日本国内] 北海道・東北ブロック保険師等研修会

    2009年9月15日 ~

    詳細を見る 詳細を閉じる

    「新型インフルエンザ対策」

  89. [日本国内] 笹川平和財団緊急討論会

    2009年9月14日 ~

    詳細を見る 詳細を閉じる

    新型インフルエンザA(H1N1)によるパンデミックの課題

  90. [日本国内] 亘理郡医師会公開講座 講演

    2009年9月5日 ~

    詳細を見る 詳細を閉じる

    「新型インフルエンザの基礎とその対応」

  91. [日本国内] 奈良市危機管理シンポジウム

    2009年9月4日 ~

    詳細を見る 詳細を閉じる

    「新型インフルエンザ対策の現状と課題:インフルエンザA(H1N1)にどう対応すべきか」

  92. [日本国内] 奈良市職員対象の講演会

    2009年9月4日 ~

    詳細を見る 詳細を閉じる

    「新型インフルエンザ対策の現状と課題:インフルエンザA(H1N1)にどう対応すべきか」

  93. [日本国内] 第48回臨床呼吸器カンファレンス

    2009年9月3日 ~

    詳細を見る 詳細を閉じる

    「インフルエンザA(H1N1)による新型インフルエンザの予想される展開と課題」

  94. [日本国内] 新型インフルエンザ対策 医師会が公開講座 東北大学

    2009年9月2日 ~

  95. [日本国内] 新型インフル「流行シナリオ」患者推計人口の2割

    2009年8月29日 ~

  96. [日本国内] 平成20年度庄内地域新型インフルエンザ対策検討会議

    2009年8月27日 ~

    詳細を見る 詳細を閉じる

    新型インフルエンザ対策の現状と課題

  97. [日本国内] 医療法人医徳会真壁病院の講演会

    2009年8月25日 ~

    詳細を見る 詳細を閉じる

    新型インフルエンザA(H1N1)の現状と医療対応の課題

  98. [日本国内] 新型インフル本格流行 「想定外」なくす備えを

    2009年8月22日 ~

  99. [日本国内] ICU病床数などを調査を

    2009年8月16日 ~

  100. [日本国内] 阪神地区感染症懇話会

    2009年7月31日 ~

    詳細を見る 詳細を閉じる

    「インフルエンザA(H1N1)の現状と日本の対応の課題」

  101. [日本国内] 新型インフル なぜ夏に?

    2009年7月26日 ~

  102. [日本国内] 平成21年度福井県自治研修所 県・部次長研修

    2009年7月21日 ~

    詳細を見る 詳細を閉じる

    新型インフルエンザについて

  103. [日本国内] 第13回日本渡航医学会学術集会

    2009年7月17日 ~

    詳細を見る 詳細を閉じる

    「新型インフルエンザの基礎知識とその対策」

  104. [日本国内] 第10回大阪シンポジウム特別講演

    2009年7月4日 ~

    詳細を見る 詳細を閉じる

    インフルエンザA(H1N1)による新型インフルエンザの各国の状況と日本の課題

  105. [日本国内] 長崎市医師会講演

    2009年7月2日 ~

    詳細を見る 詳細を閉じる

    「インフルエンザA(H1N1)によるパンデミックにどう対処すべきか」

  106. [日本国内] 第45回宮城県公衆衛生学会学術総会

    2009年6月25日 ~

    詳細を見る 詳細を閉じる

    「新型インフルエンザ対策の現状と課題」

  107. [日本国内] 新型インフルフェーズ6 人口呼吸器集中治療室を

    2009年6月21日 ~

  108. [日本国内] 第14回石川感染対策フォーラム特別講演

    2009年6月20日 ~

    詳細を見る 詳細を閉じる

    「A(H1N1)による新型インフルエンザの現在の状況と今後予想される展開」

  109. [日本国内] 第17回岡山臨床呼吸器研究会

    2009年6月19日 ~

    詳細を見る 詳細を閉じる

    インフルエンザA(H1N1)による新型インフルエンザの各国の状況と日本の課題

  110. [日本国内] 第49回日本呼吸器学会学術講演会

    2009年6月13日 ~

    詳細を見る 詳細を閉じる

    インフルエンザA(H1N1)による新型インフルエンザの各国の状況と日本の課題

  111. [日本国内] 新型インフル終息本当か

    2009年5月31日 ~

  112. [日本国内] 学校そろり再開

    2009年5月25日 ~

  113. [日本国内] 空港では確認できず

    2009年5月21日 ~

  114. [日本国内] 第11期自治政策講座

    2009年5月21日 ~

    詳細を見る 詳細を閉じる

    「新型インフルエンザなどウイルス感染症への自治体の役割」

  115. [日本国内] 笹川平和財団の講演会

    2009年5月20日 ~

    詳細を見る 詳細を閉じる

    「新型インフルエンザに関する緊急報告」

  116. [日本国内] 東北大学新型インフルエンザ星稜地区FD

    2009年5月18日 ~

    詳細を見る 詳細を閉じる

    「豚由来A(H1N1)による新型インフルエンザの現状と今後起こり得ること」

  117. [日本国内] 豚インフル、流行拡大の可能性 割れる専門家の見方

    2009年4月27日 ~

  118. [日本国内] 第83回日本感染症学会総会 ランチョンセミナー

    2009年4月24日 ~

    詳細を見る 詳細を閉じる

    新型インフルエンザ

  119. [日本国内] 第83回日本感染症学会総会教育セミナー

    2009年4月24日 ~

    詳細を見る 詳細を閉じる

    WHOでの経験を含めて―感染症コントロールの国際舞台で働くために―

  120. [日本国内] 新型インフル大流行前ワクチン 1000万人事前接種に賛否

    2009年4月22日 ~

  121. [日本国内] 宮城県医師会新型インフルエンザ講演会

    2009年4月18日 ~

    詳細を見る 詳細を閉じる

    「新型インフルエンザに対する医療機関の対応」

  122. [日本国内] 八尾市医師会学術講演会

    2009年4月11日 ~

    詳細を見る 詳細を閉じる

    「新型インフルエンザ対策の基礎と課題」

  123. [日本国内] 宇治徳洲会病院「地域連携の会」

    2009年3月28日 ~

    詳細を見る 詳細を閉じる

    新型インフルエンザの脅威を危機管理戦略

  124. [日本国内] 名取・亘理地区ならび黒川地区地域医療対策委員会合同研修会

    2009年3月26日 ~

    詳細を見る 詳細を閉じる

    新型インフルエンザ発生時の行政・医療機関の具体的対応とその課題について

  125. [日本国内] 新潟県議会自由民主党議員団

    2009年3月25日 ~

    詳細を見る 詳細を閉じる

    新型インフルエンザ対策について

  126. [日本国内] 福島県保健福祉部医療看護の研修会

    2009年3月23日 ~

    詳細を見る 詳細を閉じる

    新型インフルエンザ対策の基礎と課題

  127. [日本国内] 財団法人ヒューマンサイエンス振興財団東京

    2009年3月17日 ~

    詳細を見る 詳細を閉じる

    地域におけるパンミックへの備え

  128. [日本国内] 北海道保健所長会

    2009年3月14日 ~

    詳細を見る 詳細を閉じる

    地域における新型インフルエンザ対策の課題

  129. [日本国内] 財団法人ヒューマンサイエンス振興財団

    2009年3月12日 ~

    詳細を見る 詳細を閉じる

    地域におけるパンミックへの備え

  130. [日本国内] 第9回 筑後重症感染症研究会

    2009年3月4日 ~

    詳細を見る 詳細を閉じる

    新型インフルエンザ対策と課題

  131. [日本国内] 社団法人 国際厚生事業団

    2009年3月2日 ~

    詳細を見る 詳細を閉じる

    Avian and Pandemic Influenza Current Situation and Control Strategies

  132. [日本国内] 社団法人 宮城県塩釜医師会

    2009年2月27日 ~

    詳細を見る 詳細を閉じる

    新型インフルエンザ発生時の行政・医療機関等の具体的対応とその課題

  133. [日本国内] 「寺子屋勉強会」

    2009年2月26日 ~

    詳細を見る 詳細を閉じる

    地域における新型インフルエンザ対策

  134. [海外・国際] 基本の手洗いを指導 院内感染防止で関係者に

    2009年2月23日 ~

  135. [日本国内] 仙台医師会

    2009年2月19日 ~

    詳細を見る 詳細を閉じる

    全ての市民が知っておくべき新型インフルエンザ対策の基礎

  136. [日本国内] 秋田市医師会

    2009年2月14日 ~

    詳細を見る 詳細を閉じる

    型インフルエンザ対策の現状と課題

  137. [日本国内] 新型インフルエンザ研究最前線講演会

    2009年2月6日 ~

    詳細を見る 詳細を閉じる

    新型インフルエンザの脅威とその構え

  138. [日本国内] 多摩商工会議場

    2009年1月26日 ~

    詳細を見る 詳細を閉じる

    企業における新型インフルエンザ対策

  139. [日本国内] 国保盛岡地区協議会

    2009年1月23日 ~

    詳細を見る 詳細を閉じる

    新型インフルエンザ対策の現状と課題

  140. [日本国内] うるおい生活講座:ラジオ出演

    2009年1月21日 ~

    詳細を見る 詳細を閉じる

    新型インフルエンザについて

  141. [日本国内] 5病棟先に職員発症 集団感染院外からウイルスか

    2009年1月19日 ~

  142. [日本国内] 宮城県医師会

    2009年1月17日 ~

    詳細を見る 詳細を閉じる

    地域における新型インフルエンザ対策

  143. [日本国内] 「発熱外来」の整備低調 新型インフル初期診療

    2009年1月7日 ~

  144. [日本国内] 効くニュース いつ来る?新型インフルエンザ

    2008年12月27日 ~

  145. [日本国内] MISCO・新型インフルエンザ講演会

    2008年12月19日 ~

    詳細を見る 詳細を閉じる

    新型インフルエンザのパンデミックに企業としてどう備えたらいいのか

  146. [日本国内] 第20回関西呼吸器感染症懇話会

    2008年12月18日 ~

    詳細を見る 詳細を閉じる

    新型インフルエンザ最近の話題

  147. [日本国内] 東電環境エンジニアリング・新型インフルエンザ講演会

    2008年12月17日 ~

    詳細を見る 詳細を閉じる

    新型インフルエンザの発生時に予測される事態と対策について

  148. [日本国内] 電話取材

    2008年12月10日 ~

    詳細を見る 詳細を閉じる

    新型インフルエンザの予防と対策についての電話取材

  149. [日本国内] 石巻地区新型インフルエンザ講演会

    2008年12月9日 ~

    詳細を見る 詳細を閉じる

    新型インフルエンザ対策について

  150. [日本国内] 新型インフル被害想定 政府上回る試算相次ぎ 国立感染研「首都圏、5割発症」

    2008年12月1日 ~

  151. [日本国内] 庄内医師集談会

    2008年11月30日 ~

    詳細を見る 詳細を閉じる

    新型インフルエンザ対策について

  152. [日本国内] 石川中央保健福祉センター講演

    2008年11月27日 ~

    詳細を見る 詳細を閉じる

    日本の新型インフルエンザ対策の現状と課題 :今、それぞれが何をすべきかを知る

  153. [日本国内] 名古屋新興・再興感染症講演会

    2008年11月21日 ~

    詳細を見る 詳細を閉じる

    新型インフルエンザ対策の課題

  154. [日本国内] 福井赤十字病院

    2008年11月20日 ~

    詳細を見る 詳細を閉じる

    インフルエンザパンデミックへの備え

  155. [日本国内] 天童市医師会

    2008年11月19日 ~

    詳細を見る 詳細を閉じる

    インフルエンザパンデミックへの備え

  156. [日本国内] 東北大学艮陵同窓会山形県支部総会

    2008年11月16日 ~

    詳細を見る 詳細を閉じる

    インフルエンザをめぐる最近の話題

  157. [日本国内] いわき市立総合共立病院

    2008年11月8日 ~

    詳細を見る 詳細を閉じる

    新型インフルエンザ対策の課題

  158. [日本国内] 日本ユニシス新型インフルエンザ社内セミナー

    2008年10月31日 ~

    詳細を見る 詳細を閉じる

    新型インフルエンザの脅威

  159. [日本国内] 第3回新型インフルエンザ疫学研修会

    2008年10月30日 ~

    詳細を見る 詳細を閉じる

    新型インフルエンザ公衆衛生対応の基本戦略

  160. [日本国内] 佐久保健所

    2008年10月29日 ~

    詳細を見る 詳細を閉じる

    新型インフルエンザについてついて

  161. [日本国内] 日本医師会

    2008年10月25日 ~

    詳細を見る 詳細を閉じる

    新型インフルエンザ・パンデミックー予測と対策

  162. [日本国内] 感染症研究拠点を設置

    2008年10月21日 ~

  163. [日本国内] 岡崎市新型インフルエンザ対策研修会

    2008年10月15日 ~

    詳細を見る 詳細を閉じる

    新型インフルエンザ対応の医療体制について

  164. [日本国内] 第253回保険医協会研究会

    2008年10月14日 ~

    詳細を見る 詳細を閉じる

    新型インフルエンザ対策の現状と課題

  165. [日本国内] 宮城県立循環器・呼吸器センター

    2008年10月14日 ~

    詳細を見る 詳細を閉じる

    新型インフルエンザ対応の医療体制について

  166. [日本国内] 東京商工会議所常議員会

    2008年10月9日 ~

    詳細を見る 詳細を閉じる

    新型インフルエンザ対策の動向について

  167. [日本国内] 危機管理シンポジウム

    2008年10月8日 ~

    詳細を見る 詳細を閉じる

    パンデミック・フル迫りくる新型インフルエンザの脅威新型インフルエンザの基礎

  168. [日本国内] 公研セミナー

    2008年10月7日 ~

    詳細を見る 詳細を閉じる

    新型インフルエンザと企業の危機管理

  169. [日本国内] 第三回インターナショナルワークショップ

    2008年10月5日 ~

    詳細を見る 詳細を閉じる

    パンデミックインフルエンザについて「世界的な取り組み」

  170. [日本国内] 奈良市新型インフルエンザ対策研修会

    2008年10月1日 ~

    詳細を見る 詳細を閉じる

    新型インフルエンザ対策の現状と課題

  171. [日本国内] 国立感染症研究所

    2008年9月18日 ~

    詳細を見る 詳細を閉じる

    感染症危機管理について

  172. [日本国内] 平成20年宮婦連大会

    2008年9月17日 ~

    詳細を見る 詳細を閉じる

    国境を越えるウイルス感染症

  173. [日本国内] 内科懇話会

    2008年9月12日 ~

    詳細を見る 詳細を閉じる

    インフルエンザをめぐる最近の話題

  174. [日本国内] 平成20年度中四国保健所長会研修会

    2008年9月11日 ~

    詳細を見る 詳細を閉じる

    新型インフルエンザの対策と保健所の役割について

  175. [日本国内] 新型インフル対策シミュレーション 現実的対応に遅れ

    2008年9月10日 ~

  176. [日本国内] 第2回新型インフルエンザ疫学研修会

    2008年8月28日 ~

    詳細を見る 詳細を閉じる

    新型インフルエンザ公衆衛生対応の基本戦略

  177. [日本国内] 平成20年度庄内地域新型インフルエンザ対策検討会議

    2008年8月27日 ~

    詳細を見る 詳細を閉じる

    新型インフルエンザ対策の現状と課題

  178. [日本国内] 愛媛県保健所長会

    2008年8月11日 ~

    詳細を見る 詳細を閉じる

    新型インフルエンザの対策と保健所の役割につて

  179. [日本国内] 石巻赤十字病院

    2008年8月8日 ~

    詳細を見る 詳細を閉じる

    新型インフルエンザ対策の現状と課題

  180. [日本国内] 東京商工会議所新型インフルエンザ対策セミナー

    2008年7月29日 ~

    詳細を見る 詳細を閉じる

    新型インフルエンザの発生時に予測される事態と対策の現状について

  181. [日本国内] 東京商工会議所

    2008年7月22日 ~

    詳細を見る 詳細を閉じる

    新型インフルエンザ発生の危険性と国の対策の現状

  182. [日本国内] 第7回みちのくウイルス塾

    2008年7月20日 ~

    詳細を見る 詳細を閉じる

    グローバル化する新興ウイルス感染症に備えて: フィリピンにおけるウイルス感染症研究拠点づくり

  183. [日本国内] 医療現場からパンデミックに備える 新型インフル進まぬ対策

    2008年7月12日 ~

  184. [日本国内] 社会保険病院等検査技師長研修会

    2008年7月3日 ~

    詳細を見る 詳細を閉じる

    検査室が関わるチーム医療としての院内感染対策 : 鳥および新型インフルエンザの現状と対策

  185. [日本国内] 財団法人国際保健医療交流センター

    2008年6月27日 ~

    詳細を見る 詳細を閉じる

    Avian Influenza and Pandemic Influenza

  186. [日本国内] 新型インフル 被害試算を再検討 厚労省 算出根拠に批判強く

    2008年6月23日 ~

  187. [日本国内] フィリピン・レイテ島1床に3人/酸素ボンベ共有・・・救え肺炎の子供

    2008年6月21日 ~

  188. [日本国内] 群馬感染症研究会

    2008年6月21日 ~

    詳細を見る 詳細を閉じる

    グローバル化する感染症の脅威〜SARS・鳥インフルエンザの教訓

  189. [日本国内] 途上国の子供救え 東北大、比で肺炎治療支援

    2008年6月20日 ~

  190. [日本国内] 第1回新型インフルエンザ疫学研修会

    2008年6月4日 ~

    詳細を見る 詳細を閉じる

    新型インフルエンザ公衆衛生対応の基本戦略

  191. [日本国内] 福井県健康危機管理研修会

    2008年6月4日 ~

    詳細を見る 詳細を閉じる

    新型インフルエンザについて

  192. [日本国内] 電話取材

    2008年5月23日 ~

    詳細を見る 詳細を閉じる

    中国四川大地震における感染症の可能性について

  193. [日本国内] 東京都総務局総合防災部

    2008年4月16日 ~

    詳細を見る 詳細を閉じる

    新型インフルエンザ対策の現状と課題

  194. [日本国内] アジア調査会シンポジウム

    2008年4月2日 ~

    詳細を見る 詳細を閉じる

    新型インフルエンザ対策の課題

  195. [日本国内] 比に感染症研究拠点

    2008年4月1日 ~

  196. [日本国内] 阪神地区感染症懇話会講演会

    2008年2月1日 ~

    詳細を見る 詳細を閉じる

    講師 演題:「感染症危機管理のあり方と心構え」 当番幹事:神戸検疫所

  197. [日本国内] 平成19年度 全国保健所長会研修会

    2008年1月31日 ~

    詳細を見る 詳細を閉じる

    講演:新型インフルエンザ対策「日本の新型インフルエンザ対策の現状と課題」 主催:全国保健所長会

  198. [日本国内] 平成19年度保健所機能強化研修会

    2008年1月18日 ~

    詳細を見る 詳細を閉じる

    講師 演題:「新型インフルエンザの対応について」 主催:宮崎県中央保健所

  199. [日本国内] NHKスペシャル シリーズ最強ウイルス 第2夜 調査報告 新型インフルエンザの恐怖

    2008年1月13日 ~

  200. [日本国内] 市町村医療保健事業等担当課長会議

    2007年12月18日 ~

    詳細を見る 詳細を閉じる

    講師 講演:「新型インフルエンザ対策の現状と課題」 主催:宮城県

  201. [海外・国際] 李俊仁記念講演会

    2007年11月23日 ~

    詳細を見る 詳細を閉じる

    Global alert- Lessons from the outbreak of SARS

  202. [日本国内] 第6回いわき救急医療研究会

    2007年11月16日 ~

    詳細を見る 詳細を閉じる

    講演:「新型インフルエンザを含む感染症対策と救急医療」 主催:持田製薬株式会社

  203. [日本国内] 新型インフルエンザ基調講演及びパンデミック時図上訓練シンポジウム

    2007年11月10日 ~

    詳細を見る 詳細を閉じる

    講演会講師および座長 主催:岩手県盛岡保健所

  204. [日本国内] 第2回岩手県南感染制御ネットワーク本会

    2007年11月9日 ~

    詳細を見る 詳細を閉じる

    特別講演「新興ウイルス感染症にいかに備えるか」 共催:岩手県南感染制御ネットワーク、ファイザー株式会社

  205. [日本国内] 平成19年度 日本医師会生涯教育講座(山形)

    2007年11月6日 ~

    詳細を見る 詳細を閉じる

    講演:「新型インフルエンザ対策の現状と課題」

  206. [日本国内] 平成19年度 日本医師会生涯教育講座(酒田)

    2007年11月5日 ~

    詳細を見る 詳細を閉じる

    講演:「新型インフルエンザ対策の現状と課題」

  207. [日本国内] 危機管理産業展2007 スペシャル・カンファレンス 危機管理セミナー

    2007年10月18日 ~

    詳細を見る 詳細を閉じる

    講演およびセッション 講演:「新型インフルエンザの基礎と予測される被害」 主催:(株)東京ビッグサイト 危機管理産業展事務局

  208. [日本国内] 内閣府 気候変動シンポジウム 第1回 気候変動緩和策と適応策の最適化を考える?総合的な温暖化対策への挑戦?

    2007年8月20日 ~

    詳細を見る 詳細を閉じる

    報告「気候変動の健康影響?感染症と熱波の脅威と対処法?」

  209. [日本国内] 「新型インフルエンザ対策について」

    2007年6月30日 ~

    詳細を見る 詳細を閉じる

    講師 講演会名:「新型インフルエンザ対策について」 主催:茨城県

  210. [日本国内] 「ワクチン予防可能疾患の疫学及び対策セミナー」

    2007年6月29日 ~

    詳細を見る 詳細を閉じる

    講師 セミナー名:「ワクチン予防可能疾患の疫学及び対策セミナー」 主催:(財)国際保健医療交流センター

  211. [日本国内] 新型インフルエンザ発生時対応研修会

    2007年5月31日 ~

    詳細を見る 詳細を閉じる

    研修会講師 講演:「新型インフルエンザ対策とその課題」 主催:岩手県盛岡保健所

  212. [日本国内] 「鳥インフルエンザと新型インフルエンザ」 現状と今後の課題について

    2007年4月25日 ~

    詳細を見る 詳細を閉じる

    講演会 講師 主催:仙台市眼科医会

  213. [日本国内] 新型インフルエンザ対策及びワクチンに関する世界的動向ならびに日本の課題について

    2007年3月27日 ~

    詳細を見る 詳細を閉じる

    講師 主催:ワクチンの将来を考える会

  214. [日本国内] 「新型インフルエンザの基礎と対応」

    2007年3月24日 ~

    詳細を見る 詳細を閉じる

    講師および意見交換会助言者 主催:青森県

  215. [日本国内] 「21世紀の国際社会を生きるために」

    2007年1月27日 ~

    詳細を見る 詳細を閉じる

    講師 主催:東京都立青山高校

  216. [日本国内] 「新興感染症への対応とメディアの役割」

    2007年1月24日 ~

    詳細を見る 詳細を閉じる

    ワークショップ名:第1回宮城メディカル&メディアワークショップ 共催:東北大学感染制御・検査診断学、東北大学微生物学、東北感染制御ネットワーク

  217. [日本国内] 「新型インフルエンザについて」

    2006年12月27日 ~

    詳細を見る 詳細を閉じる

    講師 勉強会名:新型インフルエンザパンデミック時の対策に必要な行政機関と報道機関の連携に係る勉強会 主催:東北厚生局

  218. [日本国内] 「地域における新型インフルエンザ対策」 気仙沼保健所

    2006年12月12日 ~

    詳細を見る 詳細を閉じる

    講師 研修会名:宮城県新型インフルエンザ研修会

  219. [日本国内] 「国際化する新興感染症の脅威とこれからの課題」

    2006年12月7日 ~

    詳細を見る 詳細を閉じる

    講師 主催:(財)実験動物中央研究所

  220. [日本国内] 「グローバル化する新興感染症と日本に国際社会が期待していること」

    2006年11月24日 ~

    詳細を見る 詳細を閉じる

    講演会名:国立感染症研究所学友会講演 主催:国立感染症研究所学友会

  221. [日本国内] 「新型インフルエンザ パンデミック対策における自治体の対応について」

    2006年11月20日 ~

    詳細を見る 詳細を閉じる

    講師および助言者 会議名:第11回 東北ブロック感染症危機管理会議 主催:厚生労働省東北厚生局

  222. [日本国内] 仙台医師会学術勉強会

    2006年11月15日 ~

    詳細を見る 詳細を閉じる

    主催:(社)仙台医師会

  223. [日本国内] 「地域における新型インフルエンザ対策」 栗原保健所

    2006年11月9日 ~

    詳細を見る 詳細を閉じる

    講師 研修会名:宮城県新型インフルエンザ研修会

  224. [日本国内] 「地域における新型インフルエンザ対策」 石巻保健所

    2006年10月30日 ~

    詳細を見る 詳細を閉じる

    講師 研修会名:宮城県新型インフルエンザ研修会

  225. [日本国内] 「地域における新型インフルエンザ対策」 仙南保健所

    2006年10月30日 ~

    詳細を見る 詳細を閉じる

    講師 研修名:宮城県新型インフルエンザ研修会

  226. [日本国内] 「種のバリアーと国境を越える感染症の脅威:SARS・鳥インフルエンザから学ぶこと」

    2006年10月20日 ~

    詳細を見る 詳細を閉じる

    講師 講演会名:平成18年 馬防疫検討会「馬感染症研究会・研究部会」 主催:農林水産省、動物衛生研究所、日本中央競馬会、全国家畜畜産物衛生指導協会

  227. [日本国内] インフルエンザワクチン学術講演会

    2006年10月12日 ~

    詳細を見る 詳細を閉じる

    特別講演 演者 講演会名:「インフルエンザワクチン学術講演会」 主催:沖縄県医師会

  228. [日本国内] 新型肺炎(SARS)の謎-どこから現れどのように拡がりそしてどこへ消えてしまったのか?

    2006年9月22日 ~

    詳細を見る 詳細を閉じる

    講師 主催:仙台医療センター地域医療研修

  229. [日本国内] 平成18年度 東北管内院内感染対策ワークショップ

    2006年9月20日 ~

    詳細を見る 詳細を閉じる

    講師 主催:東北厚生局

  230. [日本国内] 平成18年度 東北管内院内感染対策ワークショップ

    2006年8月31日 ~

    詳細を見る 詳細を閉じる

    講師 主催:東北厚生局

  231. [日本国内] 第10回東北ブロック感染症危機管理会議研修会

    2006年5月30日 ~

    詳細を見る 詳細を閉じる

    基調講演「新型インフルエンザ パンデミック時におけるWHOの対応について」 主催:東北厚生局、仙台検疫所

  232. [日本国内] 「新型インフルエンザ封じ込めに関する勉強会」 ・WHOにおける現在の検討状況についての講演 ・WHOプロトコールを踏まえた日本の対応に関する意見交換

    2006年4月4日 ~

    詳細を見る 詳細を閉じる

    講師 主催:厚生労働省健康局結核感染症課

︎全件表示 ︎最初の5件までを表示

メディア報道 149

  1. NHKアーカイブス「未知のウイルスとの闘い」

    NHK総合

    2014年11月16日

    メディア報道種別: テレビ・ラジオ番組

  2. 大災害時 小児感染症にどう備えるか

    The EM 教育医事新聞

    2014年10月25日

    メディア報道種別: 新聞・雑誌

  3. 「プライムニュース」 デングそしてエボラ どう防御?どう治療? 日本の弱点と対応策は

    BSフジ

    2014年9月12日

    メディア報道種別: テレビ・ラジオ番組

  4. エボラ封じ難航 死者800人超・有効な治療なし 新たな感染症脅威増す

    読売新聞(3)

    2014年8月4日

    メディア報道種別: 新聞・雑誌

  5. 鳥インフル 人観戦なお警戒 H7N9型、中国で確認から1年

    毎日新聞(18)

    2014年4月17日

    メディア報道種別: 新聞・雑誌

  6. 新型大流行阻止へ監視続く 鳥インフルH7N9型確認から1年

    河北新報(18)

    2014年4月9日

    メディア報道種別: 新聞・雑誌

  7. クローズアップ現代 インフルエンザ 2つの“異変”」

    本日放送

    2014年2月6日

    メディア報道種別: テレビ・ラジオ番組

  8. 鳥インフル感染昨年分超す161人 中国H7N9型猛威

    朝日(朝5)

    2014年2月6日

    メディア報道種別: 新聞・雑誌

  9. 東北大、呼吸器感染症の原因ウイルスを解析-抗原性・受容体特性を解明

    マイナビニュース

    2014年2月5日

    メディア報道種別: その他

  10. 鳥インフル、人から感染 中国「浙江省」で限定的」

    朝日(朝5)

    2014年1月29日

    メディア報道種別: 新聞・雑誌

  11. 鳥インフル、人から「限定的な感染」 中国、警戒強める

    朝日新聞デジタル

    2014年1月28日

    メディア報道種別: その他

  12. 中国 鳥インフル再燃 作春以降乾癬200人・死者50人超

    朝日(朝7)

    2014年1月22日

    メディア報道種別: 新聞・雑誌

  13. 鳥インフルエンザ国際会議

    NHKニュースWEB

    2014年1月21日

    メディア報道種別: その他

  14. 新型インフルエンザ 新型への変化懸念

    NHKニュース

    2014年1月21日

    メディア報道種別: テレビ・ラジオ番組

  15. N7N9型 新型インフルおそれも

    NHK仙台 てれまさむね

    2014年1月21日

    メディア報道種別: テレビ・ラジオ番組

  16. 「SARSの再来」警戒 新型コロナウィルス

    読売(朝11・解説)

    2013年5月22日

    メディア報道種別: 新聞・雑誌

  17. 新種コロナ 感染拡大 中東・欧州7か国 20人死亡

    朝日(朝5)

    2013年5月22日

    メディア報道種別: 新聞・雑誌

  18. 鳥インフル、感染公表から1ヶ月 「人から人」なお不明

    日経(朝11・科学技術)

    2013年4月30日

    メディア報道種別: テレビ・ラジオ番組

  19. 鳥インフル感染97人 日本で流行なら「09年より深刻」

    朝日(朝3)

    2013年4月21日

    メディア報道種別: 新聞・雑誌

  20. 東北大、フィリピンにおける狂犬病ウイルスの伝播状況を解明

    マイナビニュース

    2013年4月18日

    メディア報道種別: その他

  21. 鳥インフル 人から人への感染は? 毒性不明、変異の可能性も

    2013年4月5日

    メディア報道種別: その他

  22. 人から人への感染は? 中国「患者家族は例なし」

    msn産経ニュース

    2013年4月4日

    メディア報道種別: テレビ・ラジオ番組

  23. 鳥インフル 中国警戒 NEWS23

    NEWS23

    2013年4月4日

    メディア報道種別: テレビ・ラジオ番組

  24. 鳥インフル 中国警戒

    Nスタ

    2013年4月4日

    メディア報道種別: テレビ・ラジオ番組

  25. 鳥インフル 中国警戒

    朝日(朝2)

    2013年4月4日

    メディア報道種別: 新聞・雑誌

  26. 鳥インフル拡大警戒

    読売(朝3・総合)

    2013年4月4日

    メディア報道種別: 新聞・雑誌

  27. <鳥インフル>ヒトへの感染しやすく変異 国立感染研が確認

    2013年4月4日

    メディア報道種別: その他

  28. 中国 鳥インフル関連

    NEWS23

    2013年4月4日

    メディア報道種別: テレビ・ラジオ番組

  29. 中国 鳥インフル関連 NEWS23

    NEWS23

    2013年4月3日

    メディア報道種別: テレビ・ラジオ番組

  30. 中国 鳥インフル関連 報道ステーション

    報道ステーション

    2013年4月3日

    メディア報道種別: テレビ・ラジオ番組

  31. 中国 鳥インフル関連

    NHK ニュースウォッチ

    2013年4月3日

    メディア報道種別: テレビ・ラジオ番組

  32. 中国から「H7N9型」鳥インフルエンザ、黄砂、PM2.5、放射能、猛毒食品が襲来、日本列島は大変!

    2013年4月2日

    メディア報道種別: その他

  33. 中国 「H7N9型」で2人死亡

    NHK

    2013年3月31日

    メディア報道種別: テレビ・ラジオ番組

  34. 鳥インフル「論文修正」波紋

    朝日(朝31)

    2012年1月12日

    メディア報道種別: 新聞・雑誌

  35. [サイエンスカフェ・リベラルアーツ] 感染症リスク増大

    河北

    2011年5月25日

    メディア報道種別: 新聞・雑誌

  36. サイエンスカフェリベラルアーツ特別版 未曾有の災害必ず解明

    河北

    2011年5月25日

    メディア報道種別: 新聞・雑誌

  37. 「サイエンスカフェ」「リベラルアーツ」 東北大教授が研究報告

    河北

    2011年5月14日

    メディア報道種別: 新聞・雑誌

  38. [サイエンスカフェ・リベラルアーツ] 震災テーマ 研究報告

    河北

    2011年5月12日

    メディア報道種別: 新聞・雑誌

  39. 駐在員ら70人が参加 東北大の感染症セミナー

    The Daily MANILA SHINBUN

    2010年12月9日

    メディア報道種別: 新聞・雑誌

  40. インフル流行の兆し

    読売新聞

    2010年12月3日

    メディア報道種別: 新聞・雑誌

  41. 新型インフルは 成人に注意促す

    朝日

    2010年11月23日

    メディア報道種別: 新聞・雑誌

  42. 新型インフル 1~2月流行か

    読売

    2010年11月23日

    メディア報道種別: 新聞・雑誌

  43. 新型インフル 今季は40、50代 重症化の可能性

    河北

    2010年11月23日

    メディア報道種別: 新聞・雑誌

  44. 新型インフルエンザ 1~2月流行か

    河北、読売、朝日

    2010年11月23日

    メディア報道種別: 新聞・雑誌

  45. 第2波に備える日本は万全か

    The EM 教育医事新聞

    2010年10月25日

    メディア報道種別: 新聞・雑誌

  46. [日本国内] 新型インフルエンザ第2波に備え日本は万全か

    教育医事新聞

    2010年10月25日

    メディア報道種別: 新聞・雑誌

  47. インフルエンザ予防接種早めに

    毎日

    2010年10月15日

    メディア報道種別: 新聞・雑誌

  48. 新型インフル ワクチン1660万人分を廃棄

    朝日

    2010年10月13日

    メディア報道種別: 新聞・雑誌

  49. 新型の豚インフルエンザ輸入ワクチン 有効期限切れで1660万人分を廃棄

    朝日新聞

    2010年10月13日

    メディア報道種別: 新聞・雑誌

  50. 新型インフル ワクチン接種始まる

    読売

    2010年10月2日

    メディア報道種別: 新聞・雑誌

  51. 新型インフルワクチン接種始まる

    読売新聞

    2010年10月2日

    メディア報道種別: 新聞・雑誌

  52. 新型インフル再流行に備え必要

    しんぶん赤旗

    2010年8月22日

    メディア報道種別: 新聞・雑誌

  53. ワクチン病原体が原料

    読売新聞

    2010年8月7日

    メディア報道種別: 新聞・雑誌

  54. 秋以降の再流行不可避

    河北

    2010年6月6日

    メディア報道種別: 新聞・雑誌

  55. 新型インフル対策総括会議、公衆衛生等で議論

    保健衛生ニュース

    2010年5月17日

    メディア報道種別: 新聞・雑誌

  56. [日本国内] 新型インフルエンザ

    TBS系列の総力報道!THE NEWS

    2010年2月22日

    メディア報道種別: テレビ・ラジオ番組

  57. 成人のインフル接種低調

    読売新聞

    2010年2月9日

    メディア報道種別: 新聞・雑誌

  58. 新型インフルエンザワクチンが余剰気味 「国や自治体が接種をよびかけるべき」

    読売新聞

    2010年1月30日

    メディア報道種別: 新聞・雑誌

  59. 元気!健康!フェアinとうほく 開催に先立ち講師から

    河北新報

    2010年1月21日

    メディア報道種別: 新聞・雑誌

  60. 新型インフルエンザ 今後は成人に広がる可能性

    朝日新聞

    2010年1月8日

    メディア報道種別: 新聞・雑誌

  61. [日本国内] 新型インフルエンザパンデミックについて

    NHK ニュース7

    2010年1月6日

    メディア報道種別: テレビ・ラジオ番組

  62. 新型インフル 元仙台副市長から相次ぎ著書

    河北新報

    2010年1月5日

    メディア報道種別: 新聞・雑誌

  63. [日本国内] 2010年世界の英知が語る:第2部 未知なる脅威 ウィルス

    NHK(hi)

    2010年1月1日

    メディア報道種別: テレビ・ラジオ番組

  64. [日本国内] 新型インフルエンザ

    NHK 全国ニュース

    2009年12月10日

    メディア報道種別: テレビ・ラジオ番組

  65. [日本国内] インフルエンザ徹底対策 新型インフルエンザ大流行に備える

    NHKテレビ きょうの健康

    2009年12月4日

    メディア報道種別: テレビ・ラジオ番組

  66. [日本国内] 新型インフルエンザのパンデミック

    NHK-BS1 「きょうの世界」

    2009年12月1日

    メディア報道種別: テレビ・ラジオ番組

  67. [日本国内] 「他者への想像力」必要

    朝日新聞

    2009年11月20日

    メディア報道種別: 新聞・雑誌

  68. [日本国内] インフルエンザ

    NHK

    2009年10月22日

    メディア報道種別: テレビ・ラジオ番組

  69. [日本国内] 新型インフルエンザパンデミックについて

    フジテレビ ニュースJAPAN

    2009年9月14日

    メディア報道種別: テレビ・ラジオ番組

  70. [日本国内] 未知の脅威:新型ウィルス 日本は耐えられるのか

    NHKスペシャル

    2009年9月13日

    メディア報道種別: テレビ・ラジオ番組

  71. [日本国内] 新型インフルエンザ世界規模の大流行について

    NHK ニュース7

    2009年9月11日

    メディア報道種別: テレビ・ラジオ番組

  72. [日本国内] 新型インフルエンザ大流行について

    日テレ ウェークアップ!ぷらす

    2009年9月5日

    メディア報道種別: テレビ・ラジオ番組

  73. [日本国内] シンフル予防策:効果を検証すると

    日経新聞

    2009年8月30日

    メディア報道種別: 新聞・雑誌

  74. [日本国内] インフルエンザの世界大流行について

    NHK ニュース7

    2009年8月27日

    メディア報道種別: テレビ・ラジオ番組

  75. [日本国内] パンデミックについて

    日テレ Oha!4 NEWS LIVE、 ズームイン!! SUPER, NNNストレイトニュース、 おもいっきり DON!1155、 テレビ東京 NEWS FINE

    2009年8月25日

    メディア報道種別: テレビ・ラジオ番組

  76. [日本国内] インフルエンザパンデミックについて

    テレビ 朝日 報道ステーション

    2009年8月24日

    メディア報道種別: テレビ・ラジオ番組

  77. [日本国内] 新型インフルエンザパンデミックについて

    日テレ NNNニュース、 NEW24、 NNNニュースサンデー

    2009年8月16日

    メディア報道種別: テレビ・ラジオ番組

  78. [日本国内] 新型インフルエンザH1N1の対策

    NHK おはよう宮城

    2009年6月26日

    メディア報道種別: テレビ・ラジオ番組

  79. [日本国内] 新型インフルエンザ(H1N1)について

    NHK てれまさむね

    2009年6月25日

    メディア報道種別: テレビ・ラジオ番組

  80. [日本国内] 新型インフルエンザ大流行について

    日テレ ザ!世界仰天ニュース

    2009年6月24日

    メディア報道種別: テレビ・ラジオ番組

  81. [日本国内] 新型インフルエンザの大流行について

    NHK ニュース9

    2009年6月16日

    メディア報道種別: テレビ・ラジオ番組

  82. [日本国内] 新型インフルエンザについて

    NHK ニュース7

    2009年6月11日

    メディア報道種別: テレビ・ラジオ番組

  83. [日本国内] 新型インフルエンザH1N1について

    NHK ニュース9

    2009年6月10日

    メディア報道種別: テレビ・ラジオ番組

  84. [日本国内] WHOアドバイザーが語る新型インフルエンザ対策で今すべきこと

    日経トレンディネット

    2009年5月20日

    メディア報道種別: 新聞・雑誌

  85. [日本国内] 新型インフルエンザにH1N1について

    TBS 総力報道!THE NEWS

    2009年5月20日

    メディア報道種別: テレビ・ラジオ番組

  86. [日本国内] 現状は警戒度6

    河北新報

    2009年5月19日

    メディア報道種別: 新聞・雑誌

  87. [日本国内] 新型インフル国内初感染

    毎日新聞

    2009年5月17日

    メディア報道種別: 新聞・雑誌

  88. [日本国内] 次は治療体制

    しんぶん赤旗

    2009年5月17日

    メディア報道種別: 新聞・雑誌

  89. [日本国内] 多くは軽症 依然深刻 他

    しんぶん赤旗

    2009年5月10日

    メディア報道種別: 新聞・雑誌

  90. [日本国内] パンデミックに挑む

    毎日新聞

    2009年5月5日

    メディア報道種別: 新聞・雑誌

  91. [日本国内] 新型インフルエンザH1N1について

    TBS 情報7days ニューキャスター

    2009年5月2日

    メディア報道種別: テレビ・ラジオ番組

  92. [日本国内] 豚インフルエンザ問題について

    日本テレビ ズームイン!!SUPER、 NHK総合 緊急報告

    2009年5月1日

    メディア報道種別: テレビ・ラジオ番組

  93. [日本国内] 豚インフルエンザ問題について

    日本テレビ NNN NEWSリアルタイム

    2009年4月29日

    メディア報道種別: テレビ・ラジオ番組

  94. [日本国内] 新型インフルエンザ大流行に備える

    日本テレビ Oha!4 NEWS LIVE、日本テレビ NNN NEWSリアルタイム、 スッキリ!! NNN NEWSリアルタイム、 TBS 総力報道! THE NEWS、

    2009年4月28日

    メディア報道種別: テレビ・ラジオ番組

  95. [日本国内] 新型インフルエンザの大流行について

    フジテレビ めざましテレビ、日本テレビ NNN NEWSリアルタイム、 日本テレビ NEWS ZERO、 テレビ朝日 報道ステーション、

    2009年4月27日

    メディア報道種別: テレビ・ラジオ番組

  96. [日本国内] 新型インフルエンザについて

    日本テレビ NNNニュース

    2009年4月26日

    メディア報道種別: テレビ・ラジオ番組

  97. [日本国内] 新型インフルエンザ大流行について

    TBS 報道特集 NEXT

    2009年4月25日

    メディア報道種別: テレビ・ラジオ番組

  98. [日本国内] 新型インフルエンザ予防と対策・国の対策は始まったばかり 個人でも自覚をもって備えを

    読売新聞(全国版)

    2009年2月26日

    メディア報道種別: 新聞・雑誌

  99. [日本国内] 新型インフルエンザ予防と対策・感染拡大を防ぐにはうつらない、うつさないが大切

    読売新聞(全国版)

    2009年2月21日

    メディア報道種別: 新聞・雑誌

  100. [日本国内] 被害軽減へ備え 新型インフルエンザ強い感染力

    赤旗新聞

    2009年1月11日

    メディア報道種別: 新聞・雑誌

  101. [日本国内] 新型インフルエンザに関して

    NHKラジオ第二

    2008年12月11日

    メディア報道種別: その他

  102. [日本国内] 新型インフルエンザ

    TBCテレビ イブニングニュース

    2008年12月10日

    メディア報道種別: テレビ・ラジオ番組

  103. [日本国内] 「新型」の大流行備えてください。

    暮らしかた応援雑誌 いきいき

    2008年12月10日

    メディア報道種別: 新聞・雑誌

  104. [日本国内] 「きょうの健康〜インフルエンザ徹底対策・新型インフルエンザ」

    NHK教育テレビ

    2008年12月4日

    メディア報道種別: テレビ・ラジオ番組

  105. [日本国内] 感染症研究ネットワーク6 RITM新興・再興感染症共同研究センター

    モダンメディア

    2008年12月

    メディア報道種別: 新聞・雑誌

  106. [日本国内] インフルエンザ徹底対策 新型インフルエンザ大流行に備える

    NHKテレビテキスト きょうの健康

    2008年12月1日

    メディア報道種別: 新聞・雑誌

  107. [日本国内] 新型インフルエンザ最前線・パンデミックって何?」

    TBS「情報7days ニュースキャスター」

    2008年11月29日

    メディア報道種別: テレビ・ラジオ番組

  108. [日本国内] 「新型インフルエンザ最前線・パンデミックって何?」

    TBS 「情報7Daysニュースキャスター」全国放送

    2008年11月22日

    メディア報道種別: テレビ・ラジオ番組

  109. [日本国内] 公研セミナー 新型インフルエンザ企業の危機管理

    公研 2008 11 No543

    2008年11月8日

    メディア報道種別: 新聞・雑誌

  110. [日本国内] 公研

    2008年11月

    メディア報道種別: 新聞・雑誌

  111. [日本国内] NHK未来への提言

    株式会社オフィスボウ

    2008年10月30日

    メディア報道種別: テレビ・ラジオ番組

    詳細を見る 詳細を閉じる

    ウィルス学者ナンシーコックス氏との対談

  112. [日本国内] なるほど健康雑学 新型インフルエンザ? 外出避け拡散防いで

    河北新報

    2008年10月27日

    メディア報道種別: 新聞・雑誌

  113. [日本国内] なるほど健康雑学 新型インフルエンザ? 社会インフラ壊滅も

    河北新報

    2008年10月20日

    メディア報道種別: 新聞・雑誌

  114. [日本国内] なるほど健康雑学 新型インフルエンザ? 人類に未知免疫なく

    河北新報

    2008年10月13日

    メディア報道種別: 新聞・雑誌

  115. [日本国内] エデュケーショナル科学健康部

    株式会社NHK

    2008年9月30日

    メディア報道種別: テレビ・ラジオ番組

    詳細を見る 詳細を閉じる

    テレビ番組に出演し、新型インフルエンザに関する最新情報について解説する

  116. [日本国内] 命の盾となる覚悟を秘る新型インフルエンザに臨む

    DOCTOR'S MAGAZINE・ドクターの肖像:104

    2008年7月

    メディア報道種別: 新聞・雑誌

  117. [日本国内] 「新型インフル備えは 治療薬備蓄量計画にも懸念」

    朝日新聞(全国版)

    2008年2月9日

    メディア報道種別: 新聞・雑誌

  118. [日本国内] きょうの健康 「最近の話題から 新型インフルエンザ対策」

    NHK

    2007年12月20日

    メディア報道種別: テレビ・ラジオ番組

  119. [日本国内] 管制塔

    セキュリティ総合研究所

    2007年11月

    メディア報道種別: 新聞・雑誌

    詳細を見る 詳細を閉じる

    雑誌名:月刊「セキュリティ研究」12月号

  120. [日本国内] 「グローバルな新型インフルエンザ対策」

    (株)協和企画

    2007年11月

    メディア報道種別: 新聞・雑誌

    詳細を見る 詳細を閉じる

    原稿執筆 雑誌名」:「感染症」Vol.36 No.6 通巻212号

  121. [日本国内] 「ウイルス感染症の治療;インフルエンザの治療と新型インフルエンザ対策」

    (株)じほう

    2007年10月

    メディア報道種別: 新聞・雑誌

    詳細を見る 詳細を閉じる

    雑誌名:『月刊薬事』平成19年10月号

  122. [日本国内] 巻頭言

    (株)医薬ジャーナル社

    2007年7月

    メディア報道種別: 新聞・雑誌

    詳細を見る 詳細を閉じる

    雑誌名:「化学療法の領域」2007年7月号

  123. [日本国内] 「今を読み解く、新型インフルエンザの脅威」

    日本経済新聞(全国版)

    2007年2月11日

    メディア報道種別: 新聞・雑誌

  124. [日本国内] 「いつ出現してもおかしくない新型インフルエンザ」

    赤旗

    2007年1月28日

    メディア報道種別: 新聞・雑誌

  125. [日本国内] 「新型インフルエンザ大流行に備える」

    朝日新聞(全国版)

    2007年1月23日

    メディア報道種別: 新聞・雑誌

  126. [日本国内] 「新型インフルエンザ阻止へ」

    読売新聞(全国版)

    2007年1月21日

    メディア報道種別: 新聞・雑誌

  127. [日本国内] 「時の人 新型インフルと闘う」

    読売新聞(宮城県版)

    2006年12月22日

    メディア報道種別: 新聞・雑誌

  128. [日本国内] 「鳥インフルエンザと新型インフルエンザ」

    医歯薬出版(株)

    2006年12月15日

    メディア報道種別: 新聞・雑誌

    詳細を見る 詳細を閉じる

    原稿執筆 雑誌名:月刊Medical Technology 35巻 1月号

  129. [日本国内] 「新型インフルエンザ:日本の備えは万全か」

    教育医事新聞

    2006年11月25日

    メディア報道種別: 新聞・雑誌

  130. [日本国内] 「新型インフルエンザに備える」

    NHK教育テレビ

    2006年11月16日

    メディア報道種別: テレビ・ラジオ番組

    詳細を見る 詳細を閉じる

    番組名:「今日の健康」

  131. [日本国内] 「新型インフルエンザへの対応」

    メディカル朝日

    2006年11月

    メディア報道種別: 新聞・雑誌

    詳細を見る 詳細を閉じる

    インタビューp32-35

  132. [日本国内] 「院内感染対策で意見交換/盛岡でワークショップ」

    河北新報

    2006年9月23日

    メディア報道種別: 新聞・雑誌

  133. [日本国内] 「新型インフルエンザのお話」

    東北放送(株)

    2006年7月9日

    メディア報道種別: その他

    詳細を見る 詳細を閉じる

    ラジオ番組名:「家庭医学」((株)ミノファーゲン製薬提供)

  134. [日本国内] 新型インフルエンザの発生想定/危機管理、方策探る/仙台で研修会

    河北新報

    2006年5月31日

    メディア報道種別: 新聞・雑誌

  135. [日本国内] 新型インフルエンザ/危機管理徹底へ30日仙台で会議

    河北新報

    2006年5月25日

    メディア報道種別: 新聞・雑誌

  136. [日本国内] 「新型インフルエンザ緊急シンポ 新型視野に提言」

    毎日新聞(全国版)

    2006年4月29日

    メディア報道種別: 新聞・雑誌

  137. [日本国内] 「鳥インフルエンザ警戒を」/東北国際保健研究会、感染状況など報告

    河北新報

    2006年4月25日

    メディア報道種別: 新聞・雑誌

  138. [日本国内] 新型インフルエンザ 世界的流行封じ込めへ 専門家会議で議長を務めた 押谷仁東北大学大学院教授

    読売新聞(全国版)

    2006年3月

    メディア報道種別: 新聞・雑誌

  139. [日本国内] 新型インフルエンザへの備え/押谷仁・東北大大学院医学系研究科教授

    河北新報

    2006年2月3日

    メディア報道種別: 新聞・雑誌

  140. [海外・国際] WHO Proposes Plan to Stop Pandemic in Its Tracks.

    Sience

    2006年1月20日

    メディア報道種別: 新聞・雑誌

  141. [海外・国際] WHO: Asia Faces Most Risk From Bird Flu

    San Francisco Chronicle

    2006年1月17日

    メディア報道種別: 新聞・雑誌

  142. [日本国内] 鳥インフルエンザ/国内まん延に警鐘/東北大でサイエンスカフェ

    河北新報

    2006年1月15日

    メディア報道種別: 新聞・雑誌

  143. [日本国内] 新型インフルエンザ ヒト?ヒト流行阻止

    日本経済新聞

    2006年1月13日

    メディア報道種別: 新聞・雑誌

  144. [海外・国際] WHO warns army may be needed to fight bird flu

    Financial Times

    2006年1月13日

    メディア報道種別: 新聞・雑誌

  145. [日本国内] 鳥インフルエンザ 人感染70例/発症報告に16.7日/国際会議「新型」封じ課題山積

    河北新報

    2006年1月13日

    メディア報道種別: 新聞・雑誌

  146. [海外・国際] Quicker detection key to fighting bird flu: WHO

    Channel News Asia

    2006年1月12日

    メディア報道種別: テレビ・ラジオ番組

  147. [海外・国際] Bird Flu Experts Push for Early Detection, Rapid Response

    Voice of America

    2006年1月12日

    メディア報道種別: その他

  148. [海外・国際] WHO warns of huge task in fighting bird flu

    Financial Times

    2006年1月12日

    メディア報道種別: 新聞・雑誌

  149. [日本国内] 「感染症に強いアジア」構築 新型インフルエンザどう対応

    読売新聞

    2005年2月15日

    メディア報道種別: 新聞・雑誌

︎全件表示 ︎最初の5件までを表示